{"id":100,"date":"2021-08-22T14:54:21","date_gmt":"2021-08-22T11:54:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/safirblog\/2018\/05\/03\/resmen-para-basti-turkiye-tarihinde-ilk-kez-yasandi\/"},"modified":"2021-12-02T12:34:50","modified_gmt":"2021-12-02T09:34:50","slug":"maktu-hadis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/maktu-hadis\/","title":{"rendered":"Makt\u00fb Hadis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2bi\u00een\u2019den aktar\u0131lan s\u00f6z ve fiillere makt\u00fb hadis denir. Hadis tarihinde t\u00e2bi\u00een neslinin s\u00f6z ve fiillerine de itibar edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tabi\u00een neslinin \u00f6nemine vurgu yapan \u015fu merf\u00fb hadis, bu neslin de s\u00f6z ve fiillerinin muteber oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e: \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0642\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a \u060c \u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u060c \u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 …<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e2s\u00fblull\u00e2h (sav) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u201c\u00dcmmetimin en hay\u0131rl\u0131 olanlar\u0131, benim zaman\u0131mda ya\u015fayanlard\u0131r (sah\u00e2be nesli), sonra pe\u015finden gelenler (t\u00e2bi\u00een), sonra pe\u015finden gelenler (tebe-i t\u00e2bi\u00een)\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hadiste ge\u00e7en di\u011fer bir nesil ise tebe-i t\u00e2bi\u00een nesli. Tebe-i t\u00e2bi\u00een neslinin de s\u00f6z ve fiilleri makt\u00fb hadis olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte tebe-i t\u00e2bi\u00een neslinden gelen bir rivayet, mukayyed olarak mevkuf <\/a>kavram\u0131 ile de belirtilebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0643 olarak gelen bir rivayet, bize bu rivayetin M\u00e2lik b. Enes\u2019in rivayeti oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tebe-i t\u00e2bi\u00een neslinden gelen rivayetler hem makt\u00fb hem de mevkuf kavram\u0131 ile g\u00f6sterilebilir. Tabi\u00een\u2019den gelen makt\u00fb hadise bir \u00f6rnek verelim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f\u0650 \u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0633\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e : \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e \u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064c \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0630\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Muhammed b. S\u00eer\u00een\u2019den aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re o, \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:
\u201cBu ilim (hadis), dindir. O y\u00fczden dininizi kimden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131za dikkat edin.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhaddisler makt\u00fb rivayeti, bir hadis \u00e7e\u015fidi olarak de\u011ferlendirirlerken Bedreddin ez-Zerke\u015f\u00ee (\u00f6. 794\/1392), makt\u00fb rivayeti bir hadis \u00e7e\u015fidi saymamaktad\u0131r. Tabi ki ez-Zerke\u015f\u00ee, ancak Hz. Peygamber vas\u0131tas\u0131yla bilinebilecek bir rivayeti tabi\u00eenden birisinin aktarmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fckmen merf\u00fb kapsam\u0131nda g\u00f6rerek tabi\u00een neslinin bu t\u00fcr rivayetlerini hadis kategorisinde de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. Ancak ez-Zerke\u015f\u00ee\u2019nin de\u011finmek istedi\u011fi mevzu, tabi\u00een neslinin kendi i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n\u0131n hadis kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesinin yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. ez-Zerke\u015f\u00ee\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorum, Eb\u00fb Han\u00eefe\u2019den t\u00e2bi\u00een nesliyle ilgili nakledilen \u015fu rivayeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir: \u201cRas\u00fblull\u00e2h\u2019tan gelen hadislerin, ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcst\u00fcnde yeri vard\u0131r. Sahabeden gelenlerde muhayyeriz. Tabi\u00eenden gelenlere gelince onlar rical biz de ricaliz.<\/em>\u201d Hem ez-Zerke\u015f\u00ee\u2019nin kanaati hem de Eb\u00fb Han\u00eefe\u2019ye nispet edilen bu rivayet, tabi\u00een i\u00e7tihad\u0131na ihtiyatla yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla makt\u00fb rivayetlerin bir hadis gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemeyece\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son olarak \u015fu konuya da de\u011finelim. Makt\u00fb kelimesi, k\u00f6k harfleri itibariyle munkat\u0131\u2019 kelimesi ile ayn\u0131 harflere sahiptir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla makt\u00fb ile munkat\u0131\u2019 yani isnad\u0131nda kopukluk olan rivayet de kastedilmi\u015ftir. Makt\u00fb kelimesini munkat\u0131\u2019 gibi yorumlayanlar aras\u0131nda \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee, Abdullah b. Z\u00fcbeyr el-Humeyd\u00ee, Taber\u00e2n\u00ee ve Darekutn\u00ee bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maktu Hadis hakk\u0131nda daha detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Abdillah Muhammed b. \u0130sm\u00e2\u2019il el-Buh\u00e2r\u00ee. el-C\u00e2mi\u2019u\u2019s-Sah\u00eeh<\/em>, Beyrut 1432\/2011.
\u00c7akan, \u0130. L\u00fctfi. Hadis Us\u00fbl\u00fc<\/em>, \u0130fav Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2013.
Efendio\u011flu, Mehmet. \u201cMakt\u00fb\u201d, D\u0130A<\/em>.
\u0130bn Hacer, Ahmed b. Ali el-Askal\u00e2n\u00ee, N\u00fczhet\u00fc\u2019n-nazar<\/em>, D\u0131ma\u015fk 1421\/2000.
Karag\u00f6zo\u011flu, Mustafa Macit, \u201cMakt\u00fb Rivayetlerin Hadis \u0130lmindeki Yeri\u201d, Gen\u00e7 Akademisyenler \u0130lahiyat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131: Sempozyum, 1-2 May\u0131s 2008, \u0130stanbul<\/em>, 2009
M\u00fcslim, Ebu\u2019l-H\u00fcseyin M\u00fcslim b. el-Hacc\u00e2c el-Ku\u015feyr\u00ee en-N\u00ees\u00e2b\u00fbr\u00ee, Sah\u00eehu M\u00fcslim<\/em> (thk: Muhammed Fu\u00e2dAbdulb\u00e2k\u00ee), Beyrut, 1956, D\u00e2ru\u0130hy\u00e2i\u2019t-T\u00fcr\u00e2si\u2019l-Arab\u00ee.
Zerke\u015f\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Abdill\u00e2hBedr\u00fcdd\u00een Muhammed b. Cem\u00e2l\u00fcdd\u00een Abdullah ez-Zerke\u015f\u00ee, en-N\u00fcket al\u00e2 Mukaddimeti\u0130bni\u2019s-Sal\u00e2h<\/em> (thk: Zeyn\u00fcl\u00e2bidin b. Muhammed Bel\u00e2 Fer\u00eec), Riyad: Edv\u00e2\u00fc\u2019s-selef, 1998.
Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u201cFed\u00e2iluash\u00e2bi\u2019n-neb\u00ee\u201d, 1.
Bk. \u0130bn Hacer, N\u00fczhet\u00fc\u2019n-nazar<\/em>, s. 114.
M\u00fcslim, \u201cMukaddime\u201d, 5.
ez-Zerke\u015f\u00ee, en-N\u00fcket \u2018al\u00e2Mukaddimeti\u0130bni\u2019s-Sal\u00e2h<\/em>, s. 420-421.
ez-Zerke\u015f\u00ee\u2019nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bk. Mustafa Macit Karag\u00f6zo\u011flu, \u201cMakt\u00fb Rivayetlerin Hadis \u0130lmindeki Yeri\u201d, Gen\u00e7 Akademisyenler \u0130lahiyat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131: Sempozyum, 1-2 May\u0131s 2008, \u0130stanbul<\/em>, 2009, s. 81-96.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Makt\u00fb Hadis<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2771,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[382,381,380,379,378],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=100"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2772,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100\/revisions\/2772"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2771"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}