{"id":110,"date":"2022-01-11T12:01:22","date_gmt":"2022-01-11T09:01:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/safirblog\/2018\/05\/03\/kent-merkezinde-piknik-ve-gezinin-adresleri\/"},"modified":"2022-01-11T15:04:51","modified_gmt":"2022-01-11T12:04:51","slug":"arapcaya-dair-hersey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/arapcaya-dair-hersey\/","title":{"rendered":"Arap\u00e7aya Dair Her \u015eey"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arap\u00e7a, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 en eski ve en k\u00f6kl\u00fc dillerden biridir. Bug\u00fcn <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> taraf\u0131ndan resmi oldu\u011fu kabul edilen alt\u0131 dilden biri say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00c7e\u015fitli leh\u00e7eleriyle beraber 22 \u00fclkede aktif \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise 310 milyon ile 420 milyon aras\u0131nda Arap\u00e7a konu\u015fan bireyin bulundu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Hami-Sami dillerine mensup olan <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arap\u00e7an\u0131n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> di\u011fer dil s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki konumuna daha detayl\u0131 olarak bakal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Arapca_Hangi_Dil_Ailesindendir\">Arap\u00e7a Hangi Dil Ailesindendir?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Arap_Alfabesi\">Arap Alfabesi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Arap_Alfabesinin_Ozellikleri\">Arap Alfabesinin \u00d6zellikleri<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Arapca_Dil_Bilgisi\">Arap\u00e7a Dil Bilgisi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Sarf_Ilmi_Nedir\">Sarf \u0130lmi Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Nahiv_Ilmi_Nedir\">Nahiv \u0130lmi Nedir?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Arapcanin_Cografi_Dagilimi\">Arap\u00e7an\u0131n Co\u011frafi Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Arapcanin_Diger_Diller_ile_Iliskisi_Nedir\">Arap\u00e7an\u0131n Di\u011fer Diller ile \u0130li\u015fkisi Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Arapca_Hangi_Dil_Ailesindendir\"><b style=\"color: revert; font-size: revert; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">Arap\u00e7a Hangi Dil Ailesindendir?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arap\u00e7a, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sami diller<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ailesinin bir \u00fcyesidir. Sami dil ailesi ise M\u0131s\u0131r dilini de i\u00e7erisine alan Hami-Sami dil grubuna aittir. Arap\u00e7an\u0131n bu s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7erisindeki di\u011fer diller ile aras\u0131nda ciddi benzerlikler oldu\u011fu gibi ciddi farkl\u0131l\u0131klar da mevcuttur.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Arap\u00e7a, kendi dil ve edebiyat kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131, edebi sanat yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturarak, nevi \u015fahs\u0131na m\u00fcnhas\u0131r bir gelenek olu\u015fturabilmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130mam \u015eafii\u2019nin<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc ise bu k\u00f6kl\u00fc gelene\u011fi ifade edebilmek ad\u0131na olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir; \u201cArap\u00e7a, ifade bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dillerin en geni\u015fi, laf\u0131z say\u0131s\u0131 itibariyle en zenginidir. Peygamberden ba\u015fka Arap\u00e7ay\u0131 t\u00fcm y\u00f6nleriyle bilen birinin oldu\u011funu bilmiyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Kapak-1-7-edited.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2332\" width=\"238\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Kapak-1-7-edited.png 411w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Kapak-1-7-edited-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Kapak-1-7-edited-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sami dilleri en temelde iki b\u00fcy\u00fck kola ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r; bunlardan ilki Do\u011fu, ikincisi ise Bat\u0131 dil grubudur. \u201cDo\u011fu dilleri aras\u0131nda; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Babil<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ve <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asur<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dillerinin de kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Akadca<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> yer almaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131 gurubunda ise <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fenike<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nebati<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ve <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130brani<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dillerini i\u00e7ine alan <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kenani<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> diller ile <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arami<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dilinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuzey-bat\u0131 grubu ile eski ve yeni leh\u00e7eleriyle Habe\u015f\u00e7e, g\u00fcney ve kuzey-bat\u0131 Arap\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fkil etti\u011fi g\u00fcney-bat\u0131 Sami diller grubu yer almaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> K\u0131sacas\u0131 Arap\u00e7a, Sami dil ailesinin <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cbat\u0131 kolu g\u00fcney b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kuzey grubuna\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> mensup bir dildir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Arap_Alfabesi\"><b style=\"color: initial; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">Arap Alfabesi<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arap alfabesinin olu\u015fum ve geli\u015fim s\u00fcrecine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tarihin \u00e7ok eski d\u00f6nemlerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Fakat dinimiz <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130slam\u2019\u0131n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 7. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu Arap alfabesi daha geni\u015f kitleler taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmaya ve kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn halihaz\u0131rda <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Latin alfabesinden<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sonra en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan alfabe olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini elde etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M.S. 2 ve 4. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda Fenike alfabesinden t\u00fcreyen Arap alfabesi, Nebati alfabesinden etkilenerek geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Uzmanlara g\u00f6re Arap alfabesindeki 28 \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn 22\u2019si ses ve \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirerek Nebati alfabesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kalan 6 harf alfabenin orijinal unsurlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Di\u011fer taraftan T\u00fcrklerin \u0130slamiyet\u2019i kabul etmesiyle beraber alfabe geli\u015fmi\u015f 28 harften olu\u015fan yap\u0131s\u0131 31-36 aras\u0131 harften meydana gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bununla beraber harf ekleme ve harf \u0131slah\u0131 noktas\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin de \u0130ranl\u0131lardan etkilendi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Arap_Alfabesinin_Ozellikleri\"><b>Arap Alfabesinin \u00d6zellikleri<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arap alfabesi sa\u011fdan sola do\u011fru yaz\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kufi<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ve <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nesih<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hatlar\u0131yla yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lsa da sonralar\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle modern d\u00f6nemde sadece Nesih hatt\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alfabede toplam 28 harf bulunur. Bu harfler Latin alfabesinde oldu\u011fu gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fck olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lmazlar. Hepsi tek bir formata tabidirler. Noktalama i\u015faretlerinde kurallar bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Fakat t\u00fcm harflerin ba\u015fta, ortada ve sonda yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131 birbirlerinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Kimi harfler ise sondaki harflerle birle\u015fmez. T\u00fcm harfler <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hareke sistemine<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tabidir. \u0130stenen ses (a,e.i,o vs.) bu hareke y\u00f6ntemiyle elde edilir. Alfabede toplam \u00fc\u00e7 adet sesli harf bulunur. Kalan t\u00fcm harfler Latin alfabesine g\u00f6re sessiz stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde de\u011ferlendirilir. Son olarak \u00d6 ve O<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> harfleri bu alfabede yer alamamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Arapca_Dil_Bilgisi\"><b style=\"color: initial; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">Arap\u00e7a Dil Bilgisi<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arap\u00e7ada t\u00fcm kelimeler o kelimelerin \u00f6z\u00fcnde sahip olduklar\u0131 k\u00f6klerden t\u00fcretilirler. Dilbilimcilere g\u00f6re Arap\u00e7a kelimelerin temelde ka\u00e7 harften olu\u015ftu\u011fu meselesi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kimilerine g\u00f6re iki harfli kimilerine g\u00f6re ise \u00fc\u00e7 harflidir. Teorideki bu muhtelif tutum s\u00f6zl\u00fck yaz\u0131mlar\u0131nda da kendini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda kaynak Arap\u00e7a s\u00f6zl\u00fcklerinde<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sistematik a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arap\u00e7a gramer yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re bir k\u00f6kten toplamda <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10 vezin<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> t\u00fcretilebilir. T\u00fcm vezinler \u00f6n ekler alarak ve harekelerle sesler verilerek olu\u015fturulur. Yine her vezin farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 anlamlar ifade edecek yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Arap\u00e7ada isim, fiil ve harf olarak toplamda \u00fc\u00e7 adet s\u00f6zc\u00fck bi\u00e7imi vard\u0131r. \u0130simlerin <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">m\u00fczekker<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (eril) ve <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">m\u00fcennes<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (di\u015fil) \u015feklinde iki \u00e7e\u015fidi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130smin \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra halleri de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu haller kelimenin sonuna eklenen harekelerle elde edilir. Arap dilinin gramer yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde hareke sistemi belirlemektedir. Harekeler ise en temelde damme, fetha ve kesredir. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Damme<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Latin alfabesindeki \u201cu\u201d sesine denk gelir. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fetha<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u201ce\u201d sesine, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kesre<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ise \u201ci\u201d sesine denk d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Elbette bu de\u011ferler takribidir ve dilin \u00f6zg\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131m \u015fekilleri bir nebze daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arap\u00e7ada zaman anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve geni\u015f zaman olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u015eimdiki zaman i\u00e7in geni\u015f zaman formu kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Gelecek zaman i\u00e7inse geni\u015f zaman ifade eden \u00e7ekimin ba\u015f\u0131na (\u0633 ve \u0633\u0648\u0641) edatlar\u0131 getirilerek olu\u015fturulur. Her fiil ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve geni\u015f zaman durumunda <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on d\u00f6rt<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tip ki\u015fi zamirine g\u00f6re \u00e7ekilebilir. S\u0131fat ve rakamlar cinsiyete g\u00f6re \u00e7ekilirken, insan olmayan \u00e7o\u011fullar, di\u015fi tekil olarak addedilir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Sarf_Ilmi_Nedir\"><b style=\"color: initial; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sarf--arap-dili\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sarf<\/a> \u0130lmi Nedir?<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arapca-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2335\" width=\"167\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arapca-2.jpg 613w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arapca-2-205x300.jpg 205w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 167px) 100vw, 167px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sarf\u0131n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131 \u201c\u00e7evirmek, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek ve d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek\u201dtir. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lis\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-arab\u2019da<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0130bni Manzur<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n g\u00fcneyden kuzeye, hafiften serte do\u011fru de\u011fi\u015fmesi anlam\u0131nda kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ist\u0131lah olarak ise \u201cameli\u201d ve \u201cnazari\u201d \u015feklinde iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Ameli Sarf, kelimeyi laf\u0131z veya anlamla ilgili bir gaye i\u00e7in muhtelif fiil ve isim kal\u0131plar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmektir.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bu eyleme tasrif de denir. Nazari Sarf ise, ira\u2019b ve bina d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kelime durumlar\u0131n\u0131n kurallar\u0131n\u0131 tetkik eden ilim dal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Her dilin semantik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen iki farkl\u0131 bilim dal\u0131 bulunur. Bunlar <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">morfoloji<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ve <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sentaks<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">t\u0131r. Morfoloji dilin kelime yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131rken sentaks gramer boyutuyla ilgilenir. Arap\u00e7ada morfolojinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sarf \u0130lmi, sentaks\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise Nahiv \u0130lmidir. Bu ba\u011flamda Sarf \u0130lminin, Arap dilindeki kelime ve t\u00fcrevleriyle ilgilendi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. Nitekim b\u00fcy\u00fck dil \u00fcstad\u0131 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sibeveyh<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de Sarf\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde tarif eder; \u201cbu, Araplar\u0131n isim ve s\u0131fatlardan, illetli veya illetsiz fiillerden, hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fulmam\u0131\u015f ve fakat benzerine k\u0131yas edilmemi\u015f kal\u0131pla\u015ft\u0131ra geldikleri kelimeler konusudur. \u0130\u015fte nahivciler buna tasrif ve fiil ad\u0131n\u0131 verirler.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sarf \u0130lminin kurucusunun kim oldu\u011funa dair net bir bilgi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Kimilerine g\u00f6re <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Muaz b. M\u00fcslim el-Herra<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kimlerine g\u00f6re ise <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hz. Ali<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Nahiv_Ilmi_Nedir\"><b style=\"color: initial; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nahiv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nahiv<\/a> \u0130lmi Nedir?<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arapca-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2336\" width=\"163\" height=\"161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arapca-3.jpg 898w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arapca-3-300x296.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arapca-3-768x757.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 163px) 100vw, 163px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nahiv<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0130lmi, Arap\u00e7an\u0131n temel dayanaklar\u0131ndan ikincisidir. Sarf, bu dilin anahtar\u0131 ise Nahiv o anahtarla a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken kap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6zl\u00fckler Nahiv i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle bir tan\u0131mlamada bulunur; \u201cy\u00f6nelmek, kastetmek, gitmek, takip etmek, benzemek, ayn\u0131 olmak, y\u00f6n, yol ve taraf.\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ist\u0131lahi olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli anlamlar atfedilmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan biraz daha kapsaml\u0131 olan\u0131n\u0131 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00fcrcani\u2019<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nin <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kitab\u00fc\u2019t-Tarifat\u2019ta<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarifi tercih edelim; \u201cnahiv, kendisiyle ira\u2019b, bina ve bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Arap\u00e7a terkiplerin hallerinin bilinmesine dayanan birtak\u0131m kural ve kanunlar\u0131 olan ilimdir.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u0131saca Nahiv \u0130lmi, Arap\u00e7ada kelimelerin bir araya gelerek c\u00fcmle olu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131, do\u011fru mana kazanmalar\u0131n\u0131 tetkik ve tanzim eden bir ilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Rivayetlere g\u00f6re ise Nahiv ilminin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 Hz. Ali\u2019nin <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ebu\u2019l-Esved ed-D\u00fceli<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019ye nahve dair \u00e7ok temel kurallar\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t vermesi ve \u201cbu yolda ilerle\u201d demesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ebu\u2019l-Esved\u2019in de ayn\u0131 nasihati talebelerine verdi\u011fi ve Nahiv \u0130lminin bu \u015fekilde geli\u015fti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Fakat bu en yayg\u0131n olan rivayettir. Muhtelif g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler de mevcuttur.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Arapcanin_Cografi_Dagilimi\"><b style=\"color: initial; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">Arap\u00e7an\u0131n Co\u011frafi Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arapca-1-1024x622.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2334\" width=\"339\" height=\"205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arapca-1-1024x622.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arapca-1-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arapca-1-768x466.png 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arapca-1.png 1089w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 339px) 100vw, 339px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arap\u00e7a, Orta Do\u011fu, Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve Kuzey Afrika\u2019da yo\u011fun \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lan dillerden biridir. Suudi Arabistan, Yemen, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri, Suriye gibi \u00fclkelerin resmi dilidir. D\u00fcnyada toplamda 22 \u00fclke Arap\u00e7ay\u0131 resmi dili kabul etmi\u015ftir. N\u00fcfus olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise 310 milyon ile 420 aras\u0131nda insan\u0131n ana dili oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca 1 milyarl\u0131k M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun da ibadet dilidir. Bu yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m sahas\u0131 nedeniyle de Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan 1974\u2019te resmi olarak tan\u0131nan alt\u0131nc\u0131 dil olmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Arapcanin_Diger_Diller_ile_Iliskisi_Nedir\"><b style=\"color: initial; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">Arap\u00e7an\u0131n Di\u011fer Diller ile \u0130li\u015fkisi Nedir?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dinimiz \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n indirildi\u011fi dil olmas\u0131 hasebiyle Arap\u00e7an\u0131n geli\u015fim ve yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131nkiyle neredeyse ayn\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya h\u00fckmeden \u0130slam devletleri, Arap\u00e7an\u0131n da yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na vesile olmu\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck kitleler taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilip, benimsenmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir zamanlar <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">End\u00fcl\u00fcs<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">olarak bilinen g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u0130spanya\u2019s\u0131nda Arap\u00e7an\u0131n hala hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir etkisi vard\u0131r. Uzmanlara g\u00f6re \u0130spanyolca\u2019da aktif \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lan 1600 Arap\u00e7a kelime bulunmaktad\u0131r. -al ve -el eklerinin bulundu\u011fu kelimeler ekseriyetle Arap dilinin etkisini bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; \u0130ngilizcedeki algebra, alchemy, alcove gibi kelimeler Arap\u00e7adan ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda \u0130ngilizcede de hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir etkisi vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00fcrklerin \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kabul\u00fcnden sonra Arap\u00e7a ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e aras\u0131nda da ciddi bir kayna\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle Arap\u00e7an\u0131n di\u011fer dillere etkisinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin de yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Arap\u00e7a-T\u00fcrk\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sadece kelime al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi de\u011fil, gramer aktar\u0131m\u0131 da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Mesela eski Osmanl\u0131ca kelimelerde, Arap\u00e7ada kullan\u0131lan ve ikil formu ifade eden \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tesniye<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201dnin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arap\u00e7a; Yunanca, \u0130spanyolca, \u0130ngilizce, Fars\u00e7a ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi etkiledi\u011fi gibi <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aramice<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130branice<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Part\u00e7a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Koini Grek\u00e7esi<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> gibi kimi Sami ve <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130rani dillerden<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de etkilenmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer taraftan alfabesindeki 22 harfin Nebati alfabesinden geliyor olmas\u0131 da bunun bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: &#8220;<a title=\"Nas\u0131l Arap\u00e7a \u00d6\u011frenebilirim?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/nasil-arapca-ogrenebilirim-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nas\u0131l Arap\u00e7a \u00d6\u011frenebilirim?<\/a>&#8220;<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Kaynaklar\"><b>Kaynaklar<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1- T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, Arap Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 Maddesi.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2- Wikipedia, Arap\u00e7a Maddesi.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3- Wikipedia, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Maddesi.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4- Arap Dili, Dr. Mustafa Ayd\u0131n, E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, Y\u0131l: 4, Say\u0131: 1, 2018.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5- Arap Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 Kaynaklar\u0131nda Hz. Peygamber\u2019in Dil ve Edebiyattaki Yerine Bir Bak\u0131\u015f, M. Akif \u00d6zdo\u011fan, Dilbilimleri Akademik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dergisi, Say\u0131: 4, 2005.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6- Kuran Dili Arap\u00e7an\u0131n Yap\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00d6zellikleri, Emanullah Polat, \u0130nternational Periodical For The Languages, Say\u0131: 9, 2014.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7- T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Okuma Yazma \u00d6\u011frenmek A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Arap ve Latin Alfabelerinin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u015einasi Acar, Osmanl\u0131 Bilim Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, Say\u0131:2, 2014.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8- Alfabe.gen.tr., Arap Alfabesi Maddesi.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9- Wikipedia, Arap Alfabesi.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10- yenimakale.com, Arap Alfabesi Maddesi.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">11- h\u00fcrriyet.com, Arap Alfabesi Nedir, Ka\u00e7 Harf ve \u00d6zellikleri Nelerdir? Makalesi.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12- Wikipedia, Hareke Sitemi Maddesi.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13- T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, K\u00fbf\u00ee Maddesi.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">14- T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, Nesih.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15- t\u00fcrk\u00e7ebilgi.com, Sami Dil Ailesi Makalesi.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">16- Arap\u00e7a Alfabetik S\u00f6zl\u00fcklerin Tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, Ali C\u00fcneyt Eren, Dinbilimleri Akademik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dergisi, Say\u0131: 1, 2009.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">17- Arap\u00e7a Dil Yap\u0131s\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00dcretici D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmsel Dilbilgisi, Ya\u015far Da\u015fk\u0131ran, EKEV Akademik Dergisi, Y\u0131l: 22, Say\u0131: 74, 2018.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">18- arap\u00e7aokulu.com, Arap\u00e7ada Harekeler Makalesi.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">19- Halef el-Ahmer\u2019in Arap\u00e7a Dilbilgisi \u00d6\u011fretim Metodu, Orhan O\u011fuz, Cilt: 7, Say\u0131: 16, 2019.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20- T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, Sarf \u0130lmi Maddesi.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">21- Wikipedia, Morfoloji ve S\u00f6zdizim Maddeleri.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">22- Arap\u00e7an\u0131n \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc: Sarf \u0130lmi, Muhammet Yaz\u0131c\u0131, \u0130lim Dergisi, Say\u0131:10, 2014.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">23- fasiharapca.com, Sarf Nedir, Tan\u0131m\u0131? Makalesi.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">24- Arap Dili Tarihi ve Arap Dili Gramerinin (Nahiv-Sarf) Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f S\u00fcreci, Mehmet Nuri Ayy\u0131ld\u0131z, I\u011fd\u0131r \u00dcniversitesi \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, Say\u0131:13, 2019.<br><\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25- T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, Nahiv \u0130lmi Maddesi.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arap\u00e7a, Orta Do\u011fu, Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve Kuzey Afrika\u2019da yo\u011fun \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lan dillerden biridir. Suudi Arabistan, Yemen, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri, Suriye gibi \u00fclkelerin resmi dilidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2338,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[352,330,765,332,331],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2814,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110\/revisions\/2814"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}