{"id":1123,"date":"2021-01-25T11:02:21","date_gmt":"2021-01-25T08:02:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=1123"},"modified":"2021-11-29T12:25:12","modified_gmt":"2021-11-29T09:25:12","slug":"on-alim-on-alem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/on-alim-on-alem\/","title":{"rendered":"On \u00c2lim On \u00c2lem"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

On \u00c2lim On \u00c2lem<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

HAR\u0130S el-MUHAS\u0130B\u00ce: <\/em><\/strong>S\u00fbfilikle \u015eer\u00ee \u0130limleri Mezceden Emraz-\u0131 Kalbiye Tabibi<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hicri 165 y\u0131l\u0131nda Basra\u2019da do\u011fup 243\u2019de Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta vefat etti. Babas\u0131 Kaderiye\/Mutezile mezhebini<\/a> savundu\u011fu i\u00e7in miras\u0131ndan tek kuru\u015f almad\u0131. Ba\u015fta \u0130mam Gazali <\/a>olmak \u00fczere tasavvufla \u015feriat ilimlerini mezceden sonraki ku\u015faklara b\u00fcy\u00fck tesiri oldu. \u0130ki y\u00fcze yak\u0131n eseri olan Haris el-Muhasib\u00ee, kitap yaz\u0131m\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 metoda sahipti. Anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re se\u00e7kin talebesi C\u00fcneyd\u2019i evinden al\u0131p \u015fehrin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r, birlikte gezerlermi\u015f. Bu arada C\u00fcneyd\u2019den kendisine sorular sormas\u0131n\u0131 ister ve bunlara verdi\u011fi cevaplar\u0131 kitapla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EBUBEK\u0130R el-CESSAS<\/a>:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Ba\u011fdat Hanef\u00eelerinin \u00d6nc\u00fcs\u00fc, B\u00fcy\u00fck Fakih ve Us\u00fclc\u00fc<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hicri 305\u2019de do\u011fru Rey \u015fehrinde. Vefat\u0131ysa 370\u2019de Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta oldu. Ge\u00e7imini kire\u00e7 i\u015fiyle sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kendisine Cessas (Kire\u00e7\u00e7i) denmi\u015ftir. Zahit f\u0131k\u0131h\u00e7\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserlerle Hanef\u00ee mezhebinin d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan biri oldu. Elimizde bulunan en eski f\u0131k\u0131h us\u00fcl\u00fc kitab\u0131 ona ait. Kitap, mezhebin us\u00fcl anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede mutlak tesire sahip olmu\u015f. \u0130mam Cessas\u2019\u0131n hen\u00fcz mahtut halde bulunan \u015eerhu Muhtasari\u2019t-Tahav\u00ee eseri hakk\u0131nda Emir K\u00e2tip el-\u0130tkan\u00ee \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek b\u00f6yle kitap yaz\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, k\u0131yamete dek de benzeri yaz\u0131lmayacak.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HAT\u0130P el-BA\u011eDAD\u0130:<\/em><\/strong> Kendisinden Sonra Gelen Herkesin Kitaplar\u0131na Muhta\u00e7 Oldu\u011fu Muhaddis<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

392 Ba\u011fdat do\u011fumlu. Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta diyar diyar gezip bir\u00e7ok hadis \u00e2limini dinleyen ve geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hocas\u0131n\u0131n bile kendisinden rivayette bulundu\u011fu muhaddis\u2026 Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta D\u00e2rekutn\u00ee\u2019den sonra yeti\u015fen en b\u00fcy\u00fck hadis haf\u0131z\u0131. Yahudilerin cizye vermekten kurtulmak i\u00e7in Allah Ras\u00fcl\u00fc (s.a.v.) ad\u0131na uydurduklar\u0131 mektuptaki tarihi hatalar\u0131 derin tarih bilgisiyle bulup, bunun bir d\u00fczmece oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan tarih\u00e7i. Hadis ilimlerinin her dal\u0131nda eser vererek 80 k\u00fcsur kitap yazan m\u00fcellif. Her g\u00fcn Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 hatmedecek kadar zikir ehli. T\u00fcm mal\u0131n\u0131 hadis ehline vasiyet edecek kadar da c\u00f6mert. Ve hacda zemzem i\u00e7erken, 24 ciltte Ba\u011fdat tarihini yazmak, Mansur Camii\u2019nde hadis yazd\u0131rmak ve \u00f6l\u00fcnce Bi\u015fr el-Haf\u00ee\u2019nin yan\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclmek i\u00e7in etti\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 duas\u0131 da kabul edilen Allah\u2019\u0131n sevgili kulu. 463 d\u00fcnyadan irtihal y\u0131l\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EBUBEK\u0130R el-BAK\u0130LLAN\u00ce<\/a>:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet Muhaliflerinin Korkulu R\u00fcyas\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

330\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Basra\u2019da do\u011fdu. Hocas\u0131yla sabahlara kadar tart\u0131\u015fan amans\u0131z bir m\u00fcnazarac\u0131yd\u0131. B\u00fcveyho\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n saray\u0131nda Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet ad\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcnazaralarda kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131 sayesinde t\u00fcm Mutezil\u00ee k\u00e2d\u0131lar\u0131n azledilmesine sebep oldu. Bizans\u2019ta el\u00e7i olarak bulundu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde Hristiyanl\u0131k ve \u0130slam \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalarla \u0130mparatoru ve Bizans Patri\u011fini rezil etmi\u015ftir. \u00dcst\u00fcn zek\u00e2s\u0131, kuvvetli haf\u0131zas\u0131, fasih dili ve uzun m\u00fcnazaralar\u0131yla \u201cEhl-i S\u00fcnnetin S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. 403 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta vefat eden Bakillan\u00ee\u2019nin cenazesinde s\u00f6ylenenler ilm\u00ee ki\u015fili\u011fi hakk\u0131nda yeterli olacakt\u0131r: \u201cBu zat, dinin ve s\u00fcnnetin yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n imam\u0131, din muhaliflerine reddiye olarak 70 bin yaprak (yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 cilt kitap) yazan ki\u015fidir.\u201d,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AL\u00c2\u00dcDD\u0130N es-SEMERKAND\u00ce:<\/em><\/strong> Teorik Zek\u00e2 ve Ak\u0131c\u0131 \u00dcslup Abidesi<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Semerkant\u2019ta tam olarak hangi y\u0131l d\u00fcnyaya geldi\u011fi bilinmese de vefat tarihi 539\u2019dur. Tuhfet\u00fc\u2019l-Fukah\u00e2 isimli eseriyle kendisinden \u00f6nceki meseleci f\u0131k\u0131h yaz\u0131m anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck devrim yaparak teorik f\u0131k\u0131h anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu. Bu eserine Bed\u00e2iu\u2019s-San\u00e2i\u2019 ismiyle \u015faheser nitelikte bir \u015ferh yazmas\u0131 \u00fczerine talebesi K\u00e2s\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019yi f\u0131k\u0131h \u00e2limesi olan k\u0131z\u0131yla evlendirmesi onun ilme ve ilim talibine verdi\u011fi de\u011feri g\u00f6sterir. Ayr\u0131ca telif etti\u011fi M\u00eez\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-Us\u00fbl isimli eseriyle Semekand\u00ee, Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet \u00f6nc\u00fcm\u00fcz \u0130mam Maturid\u00ee\u2019nin us\u00fcl-i f\u0131k\u0131hla ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin bize ula\u015fmas\u0131nda tarihi rol \u00fcstlenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015e\u0130HAB\u00dcDD\u0130N el-K\u00c2R\u00c2F\u00ce:<\/em><\/strong> Hem \u00c2lim Hem Sanatk\u00e2r Bir Numune-i \u015eahsiyet<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

626 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da do\u011fup 684\u2019de yine burada d\u00e2r-\u0131 bekaya irtihal etti. B\u00fcy\u00fck fakih, \u015fehadet ile rivayet kavramlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 tam sekiz y\u0131l ara\u015ft\u0131racak kadar ilim ve hakikat a\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilginleri, o d\u00f6nemin \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck ilim adam\u0131ndan birinin K\u00e2r\u00e2f\u00ee oldu\u011funda ittifak halindeydi. Us\u00fcl, kelam ve f\u0131k\u0131h dallar\u0131ndaki \u00e7e\u015fitli kavramlar aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 anlatan el-Fur\u00fbk isimi eseri, onun bir deha oldu\u011funu anlatmaya yeterlidir. K\u00e2r\u00e2f\u00ee ayn\u0131 zamanda usta bir sanatk\u00e2rd\u0131. Tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015famdan\u0131n her saat ba\u015f\u0131 rengi de\u011fi\u015firdi ve i\u00e7inde g\u00f6zleri siyahtan koyu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya d\u00f6nen bir aslan maketi vard\u0131. Saat ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00fczerinde bulunan iki ku\u015ftan iki tane ta\u015f d\u00fc\u015fer, bir kap\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken di\u011feri kapan\u0131r, insan suretinde bir maket i\u00e7eri girerken bir di\u011feri \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Fecir vakti geldi\u011finde yine eli kula\u011f\u0131nda bir insan maketi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p ezan\u0131 i\u015faret ederdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130BN\u0130 HACER el-ASKALAN\u00ce:<\/em><\/strong> Hadiste Emiru\u2019l M\u00fcmin\u00een<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

773 y\u0131l\u0131nda eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlerini 811\u2019de kapad\u0131. Kuran\u2019\u0131 9 ya\u015f\u0131nda h\u0131fz etmi\u015f ve K\u00e2be\u2019de 12 ya\u015f\u0131nda teravih k\u0131ld\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 15\u2019inde rahle-i tedrisata ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilimlerin temel metinlerini ezbere biliyordu. Edebiyatla ilgilenmekten vazge\u00e7ip t\u00fcm insanlara yararl\u0131 olacak hadis ve f\u0131k\u0131h ihtisas\u0131 i\u00e7in kollar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131vam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hocas\u0131 el-Irak\u00ee\u2019nin icazetiyle 25\u2019inde hocal\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flayan \u0130bni Hacer\u2019in ekserisi hadis ilimlerinde olmak \u00fczere 282 eseri vard\u0131r. 55\u2019i kad\u0131n, toplam 628 hocadan ilim ald\u0131. T\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z en b\u00fcy\u00fck muhaddislerindendir. Buhari \u015ferhi Fethu\u2019l-B\u00e2r\u00ee kitab\u0131 \u00e7a\u011flara damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015ftur. Yine N\u00fczhet\u00fc\u2019n-Nazar eseri, hadis usul\u00fcnde devir a\u00e7\u0131p devir kapam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130BN\u00dcL CEVZ\u0130:<\/em><\/strong> Fakih, M\u00fcfessir, Muhaddis, M\u00fcerrih, Vaiz<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

510\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta do\u011fup 597\u2019de yine burada vefat etmi\u015ftir. \u00dc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda yetim kalan, \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta kalbine ilim a\u015fk\u0131 konulan ve iyi bir anlay\u0131\u015f ihsan edilen \u0130bn\u00fcl Cevzi, yedi ya\u015f\u0131nda camilerde hadis dinlemeye ba\u015flar. Kendisinin ifade etti\u011fi \u00fczere, sokakta \u00e7ocuklarla hi\u00e7 oynamaz, ilmin b\u00fct\u00fcn dallar\u0131n\u0131 sever ve hepsinde geni\u015f bilgi sahibi olmak i\u00e7in hadis yan\u0131nda f\u0131k\u0131h \u00f6\u011frenir, zahitlerin pe\u015finden gider, rivayette bulunan ve vaaz eden her hocan\u0131n meclisinde haz\u0131r bulunur. Hocalar\u0131ndan biri vefat edince onun yerine ge\u00e7mek ister, fakat ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle buna izin vermezler. Halifenin huzuruna \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p vaaz eder ve b\u00f6ylece Mensur Camii\u2019nde hen\u00fcz yeni bulu\u011f \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ermi\u015fken ders vermeye ba\u015flar. F\u0131k\u0131h, hadis, tarih, mev\u2019\u0131za ve daha bir\u00e7ok konuda 250\u2019den fazla eser kaleme al\u0131r. Vaazlar\u0131nda 200\u2019den fazla zimminin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011funu, 100 binden fazla ki\u015finin de t\u00f6vbeyle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bizzat kendisi haber verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ENVER \u015eAH el-KE\u015eM\u0130R\u00ce:<\/em><\/strong> M\u00fctecessis Bir M\u00fcstakr\u00ee, M\u00fctebahhir Bir Muhaddis<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1292 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ke\u015fmir\u2019de do\u011fup 1352\u2019de Surat\u2019ta vefat eder. Dokuz ya\u015f\u0131nda f\u0131k\u0131h kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fctalaa etmeye, 12 ya\u015f\u0131nda fetva vermeye ba\u015flar. Fethu\u2019l-Kad\u00eer isimli yedi ciltlik f\u0131k\u0131h kitab\u0131n\u0131 20 k\u00fcsur g\u00fcnde okuyacak kadar m\u00fctalaas\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131, \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca bu kitaptan nakil yaparken d\u00f6n\u00fcp kitaba bakmaya ihtiya\u00e7 hissetmeyecek kadar haf\u0131zas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc. Okuma sahas\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015f olan Ke\u015fmir\u00ee, M\u00fcsned-i Ahmed\u2019i iki kere ba\u015ftan sona okur. All\u00e2me E\u015fref Ali Tah\u00e2nev\u00ee kendisi hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yler: \u201cBana g\u00f6re, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n hakik\u00ee bir din olu\u015funun bir delili de \u015eeyh Enver\u2019in \u0130slam \u00fcmmeti aras\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Zira \u0130slam\u2019da bir e\u011frilik ve yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k bulunsayd\u0131, \u015feyh Enver bu dine mensup olmazd\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ZAH\u0130D el-KEVSER\u00ce:<\/em><\/strong> 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l T\u00fcrkiye\u2019sinden 11. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Ba\u011fdatl\u0131s\u0131 Gibi Bir \u00c2lim<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miladi 1880 D\u00fczce do\u011fumlu olan selef b\u00e2kiyesi \u00fcstat hadis, tefsir, us\u00fcl, kelam ve tarih ilimlerinde asr\u0131n\u0131n ileri gelen \u00e2limlerindendir. Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda ilminin gerektirdi\u011fi dik duru\u015fla M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki gurbet hayat\u0131n\u0131 kendi vatan\u0131na tercih eder. Hanef\u00eeli\u011fe, suf\u00eeli\u011fe ve kelam\u00ee ekollere kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lan Neo-Selef\u00ee sald\u0131r\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 irili ufakl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok Arap\u00e7a eser ve makale kaleme al\u0131r. Son y\u0131llar\u0131nda kendisine teklif edilen yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ve memuriyet g\u00f6revlerini reddetmesi, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fakr-u zarureti tek tek kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 satarak hafifletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, ilim ahlak\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6stergesidir. T\u00fcrkiyeli entelekt\u00fcellerin Zahid el-Kevser\u00ee\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 te\u015fekk\u00fcr\u00fc, burada kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fsiz eseri el-Medhal\u00fc\u2019l-\u00c2m li Ul\u00fbmi\u2019l-Kur\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 aray\u0131p bulmak olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ADEM \u00d6Z\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: “Selef-i Salih\u00eenin Son Anlar\u0131<\/a>“<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On \u00c2lim On \u00c2lem HAR\u0130S el-MUHAS\u0130B\u00ce: S\u00fbfilikle \u015eer\u00ee \u0130limleri Mezceden Emraz-\u0131 Kalbiye Tabibi Hicri 165 y\u0131l\u0131nda Basra\u2019da do\u011fup 243\u2019de Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta vefat etti. Babas\u0131 Kaderiye\/Mutezile mezhebini savundu\u011fu i\u00e7in miras\u0131ndan tek kuru\u015f almad\u0131. Ba\u015fta \u0130mam Gazali olmak \u00fczere tasavvufla \u015feriat ilimlerini mezceden sonraki ku\u015faklara b\u00fcy\u00fck tesiri oldu. \u0130ki y\u00fcze yak\u0131n eseri olan Haris el-Muhasib\u00ee, kitap yaz\u0131m\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 metoda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1800,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[598],"tags":[656,660,658,659,633],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1123"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2212,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123\/revisions\/2212"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1800"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}