{"id":1156,"date":"2021-01-03T11:19:59","date_gmt":"2021-01-03T08:19:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=1156"},"modified":"2022-09-15T14:50:22","modified_gmt":"2022-09-15T11:50:22","slug":"1156","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/1156\/","title":{"rendered":"Arap Edebiyat\u0131 Tarihi ve Cahiliye \u015eiirleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

ARAP EDEB\u0130YAT TAR\u0130H\u0130 VE CAH\u0130L\u0130YYE \u015eA\u0130RLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ARAP EDEB\u0130YAT TAR\u0130H\u0130 NEDEN BAHSEDER?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hususi manada:<\/strong> Dil meselelerinden ve muhtelif as\u0131rlarda bu dili konu\u015fan yeteneklerin ortaya koyduklar\u0131 vezinli, kafiyeli (naz\u0131m) ve d\u00fcz yaz\u0131 (nesir) s\u00f6zlerden bahseder. Edebiyat tarihi, ayn\u0131 zamanda naz\u0131m ve nesirin y\u00fckselmesine, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ve kaybolmas\u0131na sebep olan hususlar\u0131 inceleyen ilimdir. Yaz\u0131m ve dil ustalar\u0131n\u0131n tarihi ve eserlerinin ele\u015ftirisiyle, gerek sanat gerek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve gerekse \u00fcslup olarak birbirlerine tesirleriyle ilgilenir. Bu anlamda edebiyat tarihi ilminin do\u011fu\u015fu yenidir. \u0130talyal\u0131lar ilk defa 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. \u00d6ncesinde Araplar ediplerin, \u015fairlerin ve alimlerin hayat hikayelerini anlatan teracim kitaplar\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131nda derinle\u015fmi\u015flerdi. \u0130bn-i Hallik\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n Vefay\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-Ay\u00e2n<\/em>\u2019\u0131, Suyut\u00ee\u2019nin Bu\u011fyet\u00fc\u2019l-Vu\u00e2t<\/em>\u2019\u0131, Yakut el-Hamev\u00ee\u2019nin Mu\u2019cemu\u2019l-\u00dcdeb\u00e2<\/em>\u2019s\u0131 ve Eb\u00fcl Ferec el-\u0130sfehan\u00ee\u2019nin Kit\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019l-E\u011fan\u00ee<\/em>\u2019si bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlileridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Umumi manada:<\/strong> <\/em>Arap edebiyat tarihi geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131dan, \u00e7a\u011flar boyu duygular\u0131n ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin ifadesi, bir ilmi ve sanat\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretme veya bir hadiseyi \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftirme ad\u0131na kitaplarda derlenen, sayfalara tescil edilen ve ta\u015flara nak\u015fedilenlerdir. Bu anlamda edebiyat tarihinin i\u00e7ine alimlerin, hikmet ehlinin ve di\u011fer yazarlar\u0131n me\u015frep ve mezhepleriyle veya onlar\u0131n ihtisas sahalar\u0131na yapt\u0131klar\u0131 katk\u0131yla ilgili meseleler girer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EDEB\u0130YAT TAR\u0130H\u0130N\u0130N FAYDASI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcmmetin hayat\u0131nda edebiyat tarihinin ciddi tesiri vard\u0131r. Dilin ve dildeki akli ve kalbi verilerin muhafazas\u0131, halk\u0131n birlik ve \u015ferefini dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 esaslardan biridir. Bir halk\u0131 kendisine tevar\u00fcs eden edebiyat ve ilimlerden mahrum b\u0131rakarak milli ve edebi kab\u00fcllerinin seyrini kesti\u011fin zaman, o halk\u0131 kendi \u00f6zelliklerinden ibaret payandas\u0131ndan ve birlik nizam\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olursun. B\u00f6ylelikle onu akli k\u00f6leli\u011fe d\u00fc\u00e7ar edersin ki, bu siyasi k\u00f6lelikten daha beterdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bedenen k\u00f6lelik, devas\u0131 bulunur bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Lakin ruhun k\u00f6lele\u015fmesi, hi\u00e7bir tabibin \u00e7are olamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir milli \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EDEB\u0130YAT TAR\u0130H\u0130N\u0130N KISIMLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edebi tarih, her \u00fcmmetin siyasi ve toplumsal ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle kurdu\u011fu ba\u011flant\u0131 vesikas\u0131d\u0131r. Hatta fikrin eylemden \u00f6nce olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcyle edebi tarih, siyasi ve toplumsal tarihten \u00f6nce gelir. Her siyasi veya toplumsal uyan\u0131\u015fa, geride \u015fairlerin dilinde, alimlerin kaleminde varl\u0131k bulan bir fikri uyan\u0131\u015f destek verir. Bu do\u011frultuda Arap ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman milletlerin siyasi ve toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimleri genelde be\u015f as\u0131rda incelenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- <\/em>Cahiliyye asr\u0131:<\/strong> Miladi be\u015finci asr\u0131n ortas\u0131nda Adnanl\u0131lar\u0131n Yemenlilerlerden \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc elde etmeleriyle ba\u015flar ve 622\u2019de \u0130slamiyetin do\u011fu\u015fuyla son bulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- <\/em>\u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemleri ve Emeviler asr\u0131:<\/strong> \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fuyla ba\u015flar, hicri 132\u2019de Abbasilerin y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irmeleriyle son bulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Abbasi asr\u0131: <\/strong><\/em>Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Abbasilerin y\u00f6netime gelmesi, sonu hicri 656\u2019da Tatarlar\u0131n Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- T\u00fcrk asr\u0131: <\/strong>Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle ba\u015flar, hicri 1220\u2019deki modern uyan\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemine kadar devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- <\/em>Modern as\u0131r:<\/strong> Muhammed Ali\u2019nin (Kavalal\u0131 Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fa) M\u0131s\u0131r y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7mesiyle (miladi 1805) ba\u015flar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ARAPLARIN YURTLARI, SINIFLARI VE ME\u015eHUR KAB\u0130LELER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Araplar, tarih\u00e7ilerin Sam bin Nuh\u2019a nisbet ederek \u201cSamiler<\/em>\u201d diye isimlendiregeldikleri bir millettir. Babilliler, Asurlular, \u0130braniler, Fenikeliler, Aramiler ve Habe\u015flilerin olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 bu halklar toplulu\u011fu, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta tek bir yurtta do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, sonralar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelere da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ana yurtlar\u0131n\u0131n neresi oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 Irak, baz\u0131lar\u0131 Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131 Habe\u015fistan oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Zaman i\u00e7inde ana yurtlar\u0131ndan Babilliler ve Asurlular Irak\u2019a, Fenikeliler Suriye sahillerine, \u0130braniler Filistin\u2019e, Habe\u015fliler Habe\u015fistan\u2019a ve Araplar Asya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney do\u011fusuna d\u00fc\u015fen Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131na yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Bu d\u00f6nemde Araplar\u0131n Kahtan halk\u0131 ve Adan halk\u0131 diye iki ana kola ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Kaht\u00e2niler Yemen\u2019i yurt edinerek orada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir medeniyet in\u015fa etmi\u015fler ve zamanla civar b\u00f6lgelere da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Salebe bin Amr kabilesinin orta ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 Hicaz\u2019a yerle\u015fmi\u015fler, Yesrip\u2019i yo\u011funluklu olarak Yahudiler mesken edinmi\u015flerdir. Evs ve Hazrec kabileleri bu Yahudilerin soyundand\u0131r. Huzaa kabilesinin reisi Harise bin Amr Harem b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015fmi\u015f, Imran bin Amr Umman topraklar\u0131na, Nasr bin Ezd kabileleri Tihame\u2019yi yurt edinmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tarihi ve co\u011frafik giri\u015ften sonra, \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi hayata rengini veren Arap \u015fiirine ve b\u00f6lgenin ileri gelen \u015fairlerine ge\u00e7elim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CAH\u0130L\u0130YYE (MUALLAKA) \u015eA\u0130RLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Her millette oldu\u011fu gibi cahiliye Araplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da yayg\u0131n olan beklenti, her kabilenin kendi i\u00e7inden bir \u015fairin, bir komutan\u0131n veya bir hatibin tebar\u00fcz etmesi beklentisidir. Adeta kabilenin s\u00f6zc\u00fcleri olmu\u015f ve liderli\u011fine soyunmu\u015f bu insanlara b\u00fcy\u00fck payelerin verilmesi ve en \u00e7ok da \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve itibar\u0131 \u015faire vermi\u015f olmalar\u0131 yine bo\u015f bir duygu olmasa gerek. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fairler tarih boyunca kavmin \u015fan\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcceltecek, onlar \u00f6l\u00fcyken de onlar\u0131 \u015fiirleriyle ya\u015fatacak olanlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 zaman\/d\u00f6nem itibariyle d\u00f6rt tabakada incelenen Arap \u015fairlerinin birinci tabakas\u0131, \u0130slam\u2019dan \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f veya \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n geldi\u011fi d\u00f6neme yeti\u015fmi\u015f fakat \u0130slam\u2019a dair kendilerinden hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey aktar\u0131l(a)mayan cahiliye \u015fairleri olarak an\u0131lan \u015fairlerdir. El-Muallak\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019s-seb\u2019a yani Yedi ask\u0131 \u015fiirleri meydana getirmi\u015f en eski \u015fairlerdir bunlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her ne kadar zorlama bir taksim de olsa \u015fiir m\u00fcnekkitleri nezdinde cahiliye \u015fairleri \u015fiirlerinin g\u00fczelli\u011fiyle \u00fc\u00e7 tabakada ele al\u0131nabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Tabaka:<\/strong><\/em> \u0130mr\u00fc\u2019l Kays, Z\u00fcheyr ve Nabi\u011fa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Tabaka:<\/strong> A\u2019\u015fa, Lebid ve Tarfe<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Tabaka:<\/strong> Antera, D\u00fcreyd b. Es-Samt ve \u00dcmeyye b. Ebi es-Salt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arap \u015fairlerin yolundan giden tilmizleri ve \u015fiirlerini rivayet edecek ravileri olurdu. \u0130mr\u00fc\u2019l Kays Ebi D\u00fcad el-\u0130yadi\u2019nin, Z\u00fcher Evs b. Hacer\u2019in tilmizidir. Burada bunun detay\u0131na girilmeyecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130MRU\u2019L KAYS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a- Hayat\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYaral\u0131\u201d ve \u201cavare\/\u015fa\u015fk\u0131n kral\u201d lakaplar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan \u0130mru\u2019l-Kays\u2019\u0131n as\u0131l ad\u0131 C\u00fcnduh b. Hucr el-Kind\u00ee\u2019dir. Anne ve baba taraf\u0131ndan asil bir aileye mensuptur. \u00c7ocuklu\u011fu Beni Esed kabilesinin kral\u0131 olan babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda ge\u00e7en \u015fair, serseri gibi ya\u015famas\u0131, i\u00e7kiye olan meyli, m\u00fcstehcen \u015fiirler s\u00f6ylemesi ve kad\u0131nlara olan d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden dolay\u0131 babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ndan kovulur. Babas\u0131n\u0131n katillerinden intikam almak i\u00e7in yard\u0131m almak maksad\u0131yla gitti\u011fi Bizans \u0130mparatoru I. Justinianos taraf\u0131ndan kurulan bir komployla Ankara civar\u0131nda MS. 520\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc rivayet edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b- \u015eiiri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130mru\u2019l Kays\u2019\u0131n \u201cK\u0131f\u00e2a nebki\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde ba\u015flayan muallakas\u0131 tam 81 beyitten olu\u015fur. \u0130mru\u2019l Kays, sevgilisi Uneyze\u2019ye duydu\u011fu \u00f6zlem ve terk edip geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yurdunun hat\u0131ralar\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 muallakas\u0131na gecenin ve yan\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 ay\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 at\u0131n\u0131n tasviriyle devam eder. Avlanma ve i\u00e7ki tasvirlerine yer verdi\u011fi \u015fiiri aruzun tav\u00eel bahriyle nazmedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u0641\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u0130kiniz) Durun! Sevgilinin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ve yurdunun hat\u0131r\u0131na a\u011flayal\u0131m,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Havmel ve Dahul aras\u0131nda bulunan<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131ktu\u2019l Liva\u2019daki (hat\u0131ras\u0131na).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

NAB\u0130\u011eA EZ-Z\u00dcBYAN\u00ce<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a- Hayat\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2hiliyye \u015fairlerinin \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden enN\u00e2bi\u011fa ez-Zuby\u00e2n\u00ee lakab\u0131yla me\u015fhur olan \u015fairin ad\u0131 Ebu \u00dcmame Ziyad b. Muaviye\u2019dir. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7 ya\u015flarda \u015fiir s\u00f6ylemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da \u015fiirdeki yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kendisine \u201cNabi\u011fa<\/em>\u201d lakab\u0131 verildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayat\u0131n\u0131 Kral Numan b. M\u00fcnzir yan\u0131nda nedimi olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcren N\u00e2bi\u011fa, onu \u00e7ekemeyenleri taraf\u0131ndan \u201c\u00c7\u0131plak kad\u0131n\u201d ad\u0131yla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiirinin Numan\u2019\u0131n kar\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iftiras\u0131na maruz kalarak aras\u0131 kralla a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. \u015eam\u2019a, Numan\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 Amr el-\u011eass\u00e2ni\u2019ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 entrika ve hasetler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tahamm\u00fcl edemeyen \u015fairin miladi 604 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat etti\u011fi nakledilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b- \u015eiiri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eairimiz her ne kadar en g\u00fczel \u015fiiri s\u00f6ylemi\u015f olmak ve irticali bir tarz se\u00e7mekle gerek cahiliye gerek \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok zevk ehlinin takdirini kazanm\u0131\u015f olsa da \u201cher yi\u011fidin bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc vard\u0131r\u201d misali \u015fiirlerinde yer yer anlat\u0131m bozukluklar\u0131na, \u00f6zellikle kafiyelerinde ahenk bozuklu\u011funa rastlan\u0131r. Kendisinin de bu y\u00f6n\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekerek \u201c\u015eiirlerimde fark\u0131na varamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir bozukluk var\u201d \u015feklinde yak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u064a\u0627  \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0645<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ey (k\u0131z\u0131m) \u00dcmeyme, beni yoran<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

dertlerimle ba\u015f ba\u015fa b\u0131rak,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(B\u0131rak da) Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 yava\u015f yava\u015f (kaybolan)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015fu (uzun) geceyi g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsleyeyim.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00dcHEYR B. EB\u0130 S\u00dcLM\u00c2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a- Hayat\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Babas\u0131n\u0131n akrabalar\u0131, Beni \u011eatafan kabilesinin yan\u0131nda yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir Z\u00fcheyr b. Ebi S\u00fclm\u00e2 el-M\u00fczeni. \u015eiir ve hikmet bilgisini babas\u0131n\u0131n day\u0131s\u0131 \u015e\u00e2me b. El\u011eadir\u2019den alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son derece Allah\u2019dan korkan ve ahirete iman eden bir insand\u0131. Bir \u015fiirinden y\u00fcz k\u00fcsur y\u0131l kadar bir \u00f6m\u00fcr ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u015fair, hicretten 11 y\u0131l \u00f6nce vefat etmi\u015ftir. Ka\u2019b ve B\u00fcceyr ad\u0131ndaki iki o\u011flu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b- \u015eiiri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00fcheyr\u2019in babas\u0131, day\u0131s\u0131, k\u0131z karde\u015fleri Selma ve Hansa, o\u011fullar\u0131 Ka\u2019b ve B\u00fcceyr tan\u0131nan \u015fairlerdendir. \u015eiirinin, dilindeki do\u011fruluk, bo\u015f ifadelerden ari olmas\u0131 ve az kelimelerde \u00e7ok manalar i\u00e7ermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan akran\u0131 olan \u0130mru\u2019l-Kays ve Nabi\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n \u015fiirlerinden \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. \u015eiirleri hikmet, darb\u0131 mesel ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlerle doludur. Denildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, \u015fiirlerini ilk d\u00f6rt ayda yazar, takip eden d\u00f6rt ayda tezhip eder, sonraki d\u00f6rt ayda \u015fairlere arz eder ve en son d\u00f6rt ayda da insanlara sunarm\u0131\u015f. Bunlar Havliyy\u00e2t olarak da bilinir. Z\u00fcheyr\u2019in muallakas\u0131nda Abs ve Z\u00fcbyan kabileleri aras\u0131nda cereyan eden harbin sulhla sona ermesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck emekleri ge\u00e7en Herim b. Sinan ve el-Haris b. Avf hakk\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 medhiyeler geni\u015f bir yere sahiptir. Yaln\u0131z muallakas\u0131n\u0131 Araplarda adet oldu\u011fu \u00fczere dostalar\u0131n hat\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 canland\u0131rarak ve onlara \u00f6vg\u00fcler dizerek ba\u015flar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0640\u0644\u0640\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0644\u0645<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6l\u00fc topra\u011f\u0131 m\u0131 var ki<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u00dcmm\u00fc Evf\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n evleri \u00fczerinde hi\u00e7 seda yok?!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Havmanet\u00fc\u2019d-D\u00fcrrac ve M\u00fctessellem<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

mevkiindeki (evleri).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EL-\u2018A\u015e\u00c2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a- Hayat\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yemame\u2019de Menfuha k\u00f6y\u00fcnde d\u00fcnyaya gelen el- \u2018A\u015f\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131 Ebu Basir Meymun b.Kays b. Cendel\u2019dir (el-\u2018A\u015f\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n kelime anlam\u0131, bulan\u0131k g\u00f6ren demek.) \u015eiir yetene\u011fini day\u0131s\u0131 el-M\u00fcseyyib b. Ales\u2019den alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u015fa \u015farap meclislerinde e\u011flence ve israf i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi hayat servetini yok edince, bunlara yeniden sahip olmak i\u00e7in seyahatler yapt\u0131. Kendisine ihsanda bulunan herkesi methetti. A\u2019\u015fa tek Tanr\u0131y\u0131 kabul eden \u015fairlerdendi. \u00d6l\u00fcmden sonra dirilmeye ve \u00f6teki d\u00fcnyaya inan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u2019\u015f\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmak i\u00e7in Hz. Peygamber\u2019i ziyaret etmek istedi\u011fi de rivayet edilir. Kurey\u015fliler onun, methetti\u011fi her ki\u015fiyi y\u00fcceltti\u011fine inan\u0131p \u015fiiriyle b\u00fct\u00fcn Araplar\u0131n \u00f6fkesini \u00e7ekeceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerinden ziyaretini engellemek istiyorlard\u0131. Neticede muvaffak da oldular. Kendisine 100 deve vereceklerini vaat ederek onu d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar. \u015eairin, do\u011fdu\u011fu Menfuha\u2019da bu develerden birinden d\u00fc\u015ferek \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc rivayet edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a- \u015eiiri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eairler aras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131l\u0131r: \u0130nsanlar\u0131n en iyi \u015fairi bindi\u011finde \u0130mru\u2019l Kays, istedi\u011finde Z\u00fcheyr, korkuttu\u011funda Nabi\u011fa ve \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda A\u015fa\u2019d\u0131r. \u015eiirlerinin en iyisi lamiye adl\u0131 kasidesidir. Cahiliye \u015fairlerinde olmayan bir g\u00fczellik ve kula\u011fa ho\u015f gelen bir t\u0131n\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r \u015fiirlerinin. A\u2019\u015f\u00e2 \u015fiirlerini adeta bir \u015fark\u0131 havas\u0131nda s\u00f6yledi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u201cSannacet\u00fc\u2019l-Arab\/Araplar\u0131n \u00c7alg\u0131c\u0131s\u0131\u201d diye an\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u015faraba getirdi\u011fi tasvirler muhte\u015femdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0647\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fcreyre veda ediyor, kafile hareketlendi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa takatin var m\u0131 be adam!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ANTERA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a- Hayat\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ebu Mu\u011fallis Antera b. \u015eeddad el-Absi. Soylu bir baban\u0131n ve Habe\u015fli bir cariyenin o\u011fludur. Antera\u2019n\u0131n Abs ve Dahis aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan sava\u015fta Abs birliklerini komuta etti\u011fi ve iyi bir lider oldu\u011fu aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Miladi 615\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc rivayet edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b- \u015eiiri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antera\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6lelik d\u00f6nemine ait iyi ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc hi\u00e7bir \u015fiiri rivayet edilmemektedir. \u015eiirlerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir tatl\u0131l\u0131k, \u00f6vg\u00fclerde bir tutarl\u0131l\u0131k hissedilir. Antere de muallaka sahipleri gibi muallakas\u0131na sevgili hat\u0131ralar\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Devesini tasvir ettikten sonra g\u00f6sterdikleri kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131 uzun uzun anlatarak muallakas\u0131na son vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu\u011fral\u0131 parayla ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015faraptan<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yudumlad\u0131m \u00f6\u011flen s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7tikten sonra<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TARFE B. EL-AB\u0130D<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a- Hayat\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Babas\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra yetim kalan Tarfe b. el-Abid amcalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Ne var ki terbiyesini ihmal eden amcalar\u0131n\u0131 daha sonra hicvetmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ok pervas\u0131z ve ahlaks\u0131z biridir. Korkmadan krallar\u0131 bile yererdi. Bir g\u00fcn amcas\u0131 \u201cdilini tut yoksa bu dilin seni mahvedecek\u201d demi\u015ftir. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 26 ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu rivayet edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b- \u015eiiri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcte\u015febbis, zeki ve velud bir ki\u015fili\u011fe sahiptir. Cahiliyenin ileri gelen \u015fairlerinden addedildi\u011finde yirmi ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. Amr b. K\u00fcls\u00fcm gibi sadece muallakas\u0131yla me\u015fhur olmu\u015ftur. \u015eiirlerinden bize ula\u015fan muallakas\u0131d\u0131r. Pek \u00e7ok \u015fiiri zayi olmu\u015ftur. Tasvirlerinde do\u011fru ve ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen bilinmeyen kelimeler ve al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k ifadeler kullanmas\u0131 \u015fiirinin ay\u0131plar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Muallakas\u0131na a\u015fkla ba\u015flar, 35 beyitle zirveye ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 devenin tasviriyle devam eder sonra kendisini \u00f6verek bitirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0647\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sehmed\u2019in topra\u011f\u0131nda Havle\u2019nin hat\u0131ras\u0131 var.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131pk\u0131 eldeki d\u00f6vmenin par\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131 gibi parlayan<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

AMR B. K\u00dcLS\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a- Hayat\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amr b. K\u00fcls\u00fcm f\u0131rat nehri yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda mek\u00e2n tutmu\u015f Taglip oyma\u011f\u0131ndan cesur ve izzetli bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Kabilesinin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011finde daha on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131na basmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b- \u015eiiri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muallakas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k bir dil ve sade bir uslup kullanmaktad\u0131r. \u015eair muallakas\u0131na \u015farap ile ba\u015flay\u0131p sevgilisini tasvir ettikten sonra kavminin ululu\u011funu anlatarak devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ey Ebu Hind,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

bize kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6yle aceleci olma!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bekle ki,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

sana do\u011frular\u0131 anlatal\u0131m!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EL-HAR\u0130S B. H\u0130LL\u0130ZE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a- Hayat\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eairin as\u0131l ad\u0131 Ebu\u2019z Zuleym el-Haris b. Hillize\u2019dir. Amr b. K\u00fcls\u00fcm\u2019\u00fcn Beni Ta\u011flib O\u011fullar\u0131ndaki yeri neyse \u015fairimizin Bekr O\u011fullar\u0131ndaki yeri odur. Fakat iki \u015fair kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda elbette Haris\u2019in \u015fiirlerinin hikmet, ak\u0131l ve denge olgular\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en iyi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Hayat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok bilgiye sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Haris, cahiliyye \u015fairleri i\u00e7inde dili g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan \u015fairlerdendir. Do\u011frusu \u015fiiri bizlere aktar\u0131lmasayd\u0131 me\u00e7hul olarak kalacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b- \u015eiiri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eiirleri o kadar uzun olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen dinleyeni b\u0131kt\u0131rmaz ve sa\u011flam bir \u00f6rg\u00fcye sahiptir. Haris di\u011fer muallaka sahipleri gibi kasidesine a\u015fk ve sevgili hat\u0131ralar\u0131yla ba\u015flay\u0131p devesini \u00f6vd\u00fckten sonra h\u00fck\u00fcmdar Hind b. Amr\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hizmet ve iyilikleri birer birer anlatarak muallakas\u0131na son verir. Kendisinde abra\u015fl\u0131k (a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7il) bulundu\u011fundan perde arkas\u0131ndan \u015fiir s\u00f6yledi\u011fi rivayet edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u0644\u0648 \u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karde\u015flerimiz Erakim oyma\u011f\u0131 bize d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k eder,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131ya gitmeleri<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

s\u00f6zlerinden bellidir<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

LEB\u0130D B. RAB\u0130A<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a- Hayat\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ebu Ukayl Lebid b. Rebi\u2019a el-Amiri. Babas\u0131 fakirlerin babas\u0131, amcas\u0131 Mudar O\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131. \u00c7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015f\u0131nda \u015fiir s\u00f6ylemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011fu vakte kadar \u015fiir s\u00f6ylemeye devam etmi\u015f fakat Resulullah\u2019\u0131n peygamberli\u011fini ilan etmesi \u00fczere M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015f, Kuran\u2019\u0131 ezberlemi\u015f ve \u015fiir s\u00f6ylemeyi b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halife \u00d6mer (r.a) d\u00f6neminde kurulan K\u00fcfe\u2019ye yerle\u015fen \u015fair Muaviye\u2019nin saltanat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda vefat etmi\u015ftir. Lebid, muallaka sahipleri i\u00e7inde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan tek \u015fairdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b- \u015eiiri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lebid ki\u015filikli, c\u00f6mert, berrak bir zihne ve geni\u015f kalbe sahip bir \u015fairdir. Ahlak\u0131 ve duygular\u0131 \u015fiirlerine sirayet etmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re muallakas\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir dil ve sa\u011flam bir usl\u00fcb h\u00e2kimdir. Bol bol bedevi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ve ahlak\u0131n\u0131 tasvir eder. Cesur kimselerin ihtiraslar\u0131na ve korkaklar\u0131n heveslerine yer verir. Cahiliye \u015fairleri i\u00e7inde belki de nesirde en iyi olan, etkili bir \u00fcslup ve saf bir dille, sab\u0131rl\u0131 ve mahzun ki\u015fiyi en iyi \u00e7izen o olsa gerek. Muallakas\u0131na sevgilinin hat\u0131ras\u0131 ile ba\u015flar Lebid. Tarfe misali o da devesinin tasvirinde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r. Sonra kendi hayat\u0131n\u0131, isteklerini, zevklerini ve c\u00f6mertli\u011fi anlat\u0131r. Tabii t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 do\u011fru bir a\u011f\u0131z ve samimi bir kalple dile getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanlar bir yerlerde (birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6v\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in) toplansalar,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fler i\u00e7in hep bizden birileri \u00e7\u0131kar<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ve bunu devaml\u0131 yapard\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

HAT\u0130M\u0130 TA\u00ce<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a- Hayat\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flarda babas\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden Hatim b. Abdullah et-Ta\u00ee\u2019nin c\u00f6mertlikle me\u015fhur olmas\u0131na sebep olan, kendisine daha el a\u00e7\u0131lmadan veren annesidir. Rivayet edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re Receb ay\u0131 girdi\u011finde her g\u00fcn on deve keser ve etraf\u0131nda toplanan insanlar\u0131 doyururmu\u015f. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131ndan ikisi \u0130slam\u2019la m\u00fc\u015ferref olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b- Ahlak\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hatimi Tai\u2019nin esir d\u00fc\u015fen k\u0131z\u0131 Peygamberimizin huzuruna \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakit babas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cbabam misafire ikram eder, selam\u0131 yayar ve ihtiya\u00e7 sahibini geri \u00e7evirmezdi.\u201d dedi\u011finde Resulullah\u2019\u0131n cevab\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle olmu\u015ftur: \u201cEy kad\u0131n, bunlar m\u00fcminin s\u0131fat\u0131. Baban M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olsayd\u0131 onu rahmetle anard\u0131k.\u201d Sonrada \u201cKad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc babas\u0131 g\u00fczel ahlak \u00fczereydi.\u201d buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c- \u015eiiri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015e\u00fcphesiz dil kalbe terc\u00fcman; \u015fiir de duygulara ayna. Hatimi T\u00e2i hakk\u0131nda g\u00fczel ahlak nam\u0131na ne s\u00f6ylen mi\u015f ise \u015fiirleri de t\u0131pk\u0131 ahlak\u0131yla v\u00fccut bulmu\u015ftur. \u015eiirleri, badiye \u015fairlerinden beklenmeyen bir g\u00fczelli\u011fe sahip, s\u00f6zleri kolay ve \u00fcslubu \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. C\u00f6mertli\u011fi de adeta \u015fiirine benzer; bol darb\u0131 mesel ve c\u00f6mertli\u011fe dair hikmetli s\u00f6zlerle mebzuld\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0647\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mal m\u00fclk birilerine efendi olmu\u015fsa,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hamdolsun ki mal\u0131m bana k\u00f6le.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcMEYYE B. EB\u0130\u2019S-SALT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a- Hayat\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fc \u015eam ve Yemen aras\u0131nda ticaret yolculuklar\u0131nda ge\u00e7iren Ebu Osman \u00dcmeyye b. Ebi\u2019s- Salt es-Sakafi dindar bir karaktere sahiptir. Seferlerinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hristiyan ke\u015fi\u015flerden kutsal kitab\u0131n ilk sifirlerini talim eden Ebu Osman, i\u00e7kiyi haram saym\u0131\u015f ve puta tapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rasulullah\u2019\u0131n \u201cdiliyle m\u00fcmin ama kalbiyle k\u00e2fir\u201d dedi\u011fi peygamberlik sevdas\u0131na yenik d\u00fc\u015ferek hasedinden iman edememi\u015ftir. \u015eiirleri, Allah Resul\u00fcne olan d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kurtulu\u015fun peygamberden ka\u00e7makta oldu\u011funu sanan bu zavall\u0131 \u015fair, \u00f6nce Yemen\u2019e sonra Taif\u2019e ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve orada \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn pen\u00e7elerine teslim olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b- \u015eiiri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha \u00e7ok dini motiflerle s\u00fcsledi\u011fi \u015fiirlerinde k\u00e2h yarat\u0131c\u0131ya \u00f6vg\u00fcler sunmu\u015f k\u00e2h k\u0131yamet sahnelerini betimlemi\u015f ve k\u00e2h cennet- cehennem ve meleklere dair bilgiler vermi\u015ftir. Tevrat\u2019ta zikri ge\u00e7en k\u0131ssa ve olaylar\u0131 manzum bir \u015fekilde \u015fiire d\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Dini temay\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisiyle de \u0130braniceden bir\u00e7ok al\u0131nt\u0131da bulunarak Arap \u015fiirine, \u015fairlerin ve Araplar\u0131n al\u0131\u015f\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni deyim, \u00fcslup ve s\u00f6zc\u00fckler kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 dilciler \u015fiirlerini delil kabul etmedi\u011fi gibi \u015fiir m\u00fcnekkitleri de s\u00f6zlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve basitli\u011finden seviyesiz g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0628\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allah\u2019a hamdolsun! Sabah\u0131m\u0131zda ve ak\u015fam\u0131m\u0131zda<\/em>
Rabbim \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr ile bizi sabaha da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r ak\u015fama da<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SA\u0130D KAYACI & MUSTAFA ALP<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: “Basra ve Kufe Ekollerinin Farkl\u0131 Nahiv Terimleri”<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ARAP EDEB\u0130YAT TAR\u0130H\u0130 VE CAH\u0130L\u0130YYE \u015eA\u0130RLER\u0130 ARAP EDEB\u0130YAT TAR\u0130H\u0130 NEDEN BAHSEDER? Hususi manada: Dil meselelerinden ve muhtelif as\u0131rlarda bu dili konu\u015fan yeteneklerin ortaya koyduklar\u0131 vezinli, kafiyeli (naz\u0131m) ve d\u00fcz yaz\u0131 (nesir) s\u00f6zlerden bahseder. Edebiyat tarihi, ayn\u0131 zamanda naz\u0131m ve nesirin y\u00fckselmesine, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ve kaybolmas\u0131na sebep olan hususlar\u0131 inceleyen ilimdir. Yaz\u0131m ve dil ustalar\u0131n\u0131n tarihi ve eserlerinin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4357,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[687,688],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1156"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1156"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4358,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1156\/revisions\/4358"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4357"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}