{"id":126,"date":"2021-06-25T15:05:35","date_gmt":"2021-06-25T12:05:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/safirblog\/2018\/05\/03\/tatil-cantasi-hazirlamanin-puf-noktalari\/"},"modified":"2021-11-29T12:46:59","modified_gmt":"2021-11-29T09:46:59","slug":"kiyas-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/kiyas-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0131yas Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

K\u0131yas;<\/a> hakk\u0131nda nass bulunmayan bir meselenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, hakk\u0131nda nass bulunan ba\u015fka bir mesele ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesidir. Fakat \u015funu hemen belirtelim ki, bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma iki mesele aras\u0131ndaki illet<\/a> birli\u011fine dayan\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karak ilk meseleye \u201cas\u0131l\u201d,<\/strong> ikinci meseleye \u201cfer\u2019\u201d<\/strong> diyelim. B\u00f6ylelikle sade ve nihai bir tan\u0131m i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle bir c\u00fcmle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za: K\u0131yas, as\u0131ldaki h\u00fckm\u00fcn illet birli\u011fine dayan\u0131larak fer\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KIYASIN R\u00dcK\u00dcNLER\u0130 VE R\u00dcK\u00dcNLER\u0130N\u0130N \u015eARTLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131yas i\u015flemi d\u00f6rt ana kaide \u00fczerine oturur. Bu kaidelerden biri olmazsa k\u0131yas i\u015fleminin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. K\u0131yas\u0131n r\u00fck\u00fcnleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015femada yer al\u0131yor. \u015eemay\u0131 inceledikten sonra r\u00fck\u00fcnlerin tan\u0131mlar\u0131na ve \u015fartlar\u0131na ge\u00e7ebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

ASIL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kendisine k\u0131yas yap\u0131lan ayet, hadis veya icm\u00e2d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Asl\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc Kitap ve S\u00fcnnet ile sabit olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong>
-Asl\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc sadece asla mahsus olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong>
-Asl\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc, akl\u0131n idrak edebilece\u011fi bir illete sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcsaadenizle ikinci maddeye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirmek istiyorum: Bir ayet veya hadisin k\u0131yasta as\u0131l olabilmesi i\u00e7in i\u00e7erdikleri h\u00fckm\u00fcn baz\u0131 kimselere \u00f6zg\u00fc olmamas\u0131 gerekir. Mesela d\u00f6rtten fazla kad\u0131nla evlenmesinin caizli\u011fi ve tehecc\u00fcd namaz\u0131n\u0131n vacipli\u011fi gibi Hz. Peygamber\u2019e \u00f6zg\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmler b\u00f6yledir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler k\u0131yas yoluyla ba\u015fkalar\u0131na tatbik edilemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc madde i\u00e7in \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz: S\u00f6z konusu \u015fart,<\/em> k\u0131yas\u0131n yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in gereklidir. Ak\u0131l idrak edemiyorsa k\u0131yas yap\u0131lmaz. Akl\u0131n illetini idrak edebildi\u011fi h\u00fckme talili h\u00fck\u00fcm,<\/em><\/strong> edemedi\u011fine ise taabbudi h\u00fck\u00fcm<\/em><\/strong> denir. Taabbudi h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ba\u015fkalar\u0131 k\u0131yas edilemez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar\u0131n ni\u00e7in kondu\u011funu ancak \u015e\u00e2ri\u2019 bilir. M\u00fckellef bunlar\u0131n konulu\u015f sebeplerini bilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in sadece emredildi\u011fi gibi yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FER\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fckm\u00fc naslarda veya icm\u00e2da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yer almayan mesele demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Fer\u2019 hakk\u0131nda nasslarda veya icmada m\u00fcstakil bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong> \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu durumda k\u0131yasa gerek kalmaz. O h\u00fck\u00fcmle do\u011frudan amel edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-As\u0131lda bulunan illetin ayn\u0131s\u0131 fer\u2019de de bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong> K\u0131yas\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bu durum gereklidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc iki meselenin birbirine k\u0131yas edilebilmesini sa\u011flayan \u015fey illettir. \u0130kisi ayn\u0131 illeti ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yorsa sahih illet ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. Bu \u015fekilde bir k\u0131yas yap\u0131l\u0131rsa iki farkl\u0131 \u015fey birbirine k\u0131yas edilmi\u015f olur ki, buna k\u0131yas mea\u2019l-f\u00e2r\u0131k<\/em><\/strong> denir. B\u00f6yle bir k\u0131yas isabetsiz ve eksik oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00fczerine h\u00fck\u00fcm bina edilemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayet, hadis veya icm\u00e2 ile sabit olmu\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

-K\u0131yasa muhalif \u015fekilde sabit olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fck\u00fcm hakk\u0131ndaki detaylar i\u00e7in \u015fu yaz\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz:<\/em> H\u00fck\u00fcm Nedir?<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0130LLET<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As\u0131l ile fer\u2019i, h\u00fck\u00fcmde birle\u015ftirmeye yarayan vas\u0131ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0130llet h\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7in m\u00fcnasip bir vas\u0131f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong> \u0130llet olarak belirlenen vas\u0131f uyar\u0131nca h\u00fck\u00fcm verildi\u011finde bir menfaatin celbi veya bir mefsedetin def\u2019i ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyorsa bu vas\u0131f m\u00fcnasip bir vas\u0131ft\u0131r. Mesela sarho\u015f edicilik vasf\u0131 \u015farab\u0131n haram k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi olmaya m\u00fcnasiptir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki \u015farab\u0131n haram k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 ile akl\u0131n korunmas\u0131 maslahat\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0130llet zahir olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/em><\/strong>K\u0131yas yoluyla ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z h\u00fck\u00fcm zaten gizlidir. Yani biz Allah\u2019\u0131n o konudaki h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn ne oldu\u011funu bilmiyoruz. Bir de vas\u0131f gizli olursa o vas\u0131fla talil yapmak sahih olmaz. Gayb gayb\u0131 tarif edemeyece\u011fine g\u00f6re illet, h\u00fckm\u00fc bize tan\u0131tan bir vas\u0131f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Mesela sarho\u015f edicilik vasf\u0131, \u015farap i\u00e7in zahir bir vas\u0131ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0130llet munzab\u0131t olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/em><\/strong>Yani illet, ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye ve durumdan duruma g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermeyen belirli ve sabit bir vas\u0131f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun \u00f6rne\u011fi yolculuktur. \u015e\u00e2ri\u2019 me\u015fakkat sebebiyle yolcuya namaz\u0131 k\u0131saltma (kasr) hususunda ruhsat vermi\u015ftir. Fakat k\u0131saltma konusunda muteber olan me\u015fakkat munzab\u0131t de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc me\u015fakkat seferin uzunluk-k\u0131sal\u0131k ve yoruculu\u011funun azl\u0131k-\u00e7okluk durumuna g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n \u00e7ektikleri s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar e\u015fit de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla h\u00fckm\u00fc me\u015fakkate ba\u011flamak yerinde olmaz. Bunun i\u00e7in me\u015fakkatin potansiyel kayna\u011f\u0131 olan yolculuk, me\u015fakkatin kendisi yerine konulmu\u015ftur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla illet me\u015fakkat de\u011fil, yolculuktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0130llet k\u00e2s\u0131r olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/em><\/strong>Yani asla mahsus olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00e2s\u0131r illet sadece as\u0131ldaki h\u00fckm\u00fcn konulu\u015f gerek\u00e7esini a\u00e7\u0131klamakta kullan\u0131lan fakat ba\u015fka bir yerde uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 olmayan illettir. Mesela namazlar\u0131n k\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015e\u00e2ri\u2019 taraf\u0131ndan sadece yolculuk haline mahsus k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buradaki yolculuk illeti ba\u015fka durumlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00e2s\u0131r illet say\u0131l\u0131r. Durum b\u00f6yle olunca da yolculu\u011fa k\u0131yas edilerek a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n da namazlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131saltabileceklerine h\u00fckmedilemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KIYAS MEA’L-F\u00c2RIK NED\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

As\u0131l ile fer\u2019 aras\u0131ndaki illetin farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen birbirlerine k\u0131yas edilmesine k\u0131yas mea\u2019l-f\u00e2r\u0131k <\/em><\/strong>denir. Bu k\u0131yas\u0131n hi\u00e7bir ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi yoktur. Daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00f6rnekle izah edelim. Hz. Peygamber, oru\u00e7luyken unutarak bir \u015fey yiyip i\u00e7en kimsenin orucunun bozulmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Peki, hataen yani yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla bo\u011faz\u0131na su ka\u00e7an kimseyi unutana k\u0131yas edebilir miyiz? Bu k\u0131yas\u0131n sahih olabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nce hatan\u0131n unutmaya denk olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakmam\u0131z laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u00dczerlerinde dikkatlice d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde hatan\u0131n unutman\u0131n dengi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: “Karaf\u00ee\u2019nin El-Furuk\u2019unu D\u00f6ne D\u00f6ne Okumak \u0130\u00e7in 8 Sebep<\/a>“<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durusoy, Ali. \u201cK\u0131yas\u201d, D\u0130A<\/a>
D\u00f6nmez, \u0130brahim K\u00e2fi. \u201c\u0130llet\u201d, D\u0130A<\/a>
Demir, Abdullah. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Bir Yakla\u015f\u0131mla K\u0131yas, Dicle \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, 2009, Say\u0131 20<\/a>
Apayd\u0131n, Yunus. \u0130slam Hukuk Usul\u00fc, B\u0130LAY Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2018 <\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u0131yas Nedir?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":805,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[261,258,256,260,259,257],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=126"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2436,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126\/revisions\/2436"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}