{"id":1319,"date":"2021-11-26T08:00:19","date_gmt":"2021-11-26T05:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=1319"},"modified":"2021-12-06T20:03:55","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T17:03:55","slug":"gonul-felsefesinin-kurucu-ismi-imam-gazali-o-505-1111","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/gonul-felsefesinin-kurucu-ismi-imam-gazali-o-505-1111\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6n\u00fcl Felsefesinin Kurucu \u0130smi: \u0130mam Gazali"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Imam-Gazali-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-886\" width=\"231\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Imam-Gazali-1.jpeg 692w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Imam-Gazali-1-300x263.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 231px) 100vw, 231px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Imam_Gazali_o5051111\">\u0130mam Gazali (\u00f6.505\/1111)<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Felsefe_Elestirisi\">Felsefe Ele\u015ftirisi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Evrenin_Ezeliligi\">Evrenin Ezelili\u011fi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Tanrinin_Bilgisinin_Neligi\">Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Bilgisinin Ne\u2019li\u011fi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Nedensellik_Dusuncesi\">Nedensellik D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Gazali8217nin_Tasavvuf_Dusuncesi\">Gazali&#8217;nin Tasavvuf D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Imam_Gazali_o5051111\"><strong>\u0130mam Gazali (\u00f6.505\/1111)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/gazzali\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/gazzali\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gazali<\/a>, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n en stratejik b\u00f6lgesi olan do\u011fusunda, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/islami-felsefe-ile-tanistiran-filozof-kindi-o-252-866\/\" title=\"\u0130slam\u0131 Felsefe ile Tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran Filozof: Kindi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kindi<\/a>\u2019nin (\u00f6.252\/866) ba\u015flat\u0131p <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/muallimi-sani-farabi-o-339-950\/\" title=\"Muallimi Sani: Farabi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Farabi<\/a>\u2019nin (\u00f6.339\/950) ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/islam-felsefesinin-kilit-ismi-ibni-sina-o-428-1037\/\" title=\"\u0130slam Felsefesinin Kilit \u0130smi: \u0130bni Sina\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0130bni Sina<\/a>\u2019n\u0131n (\u00f6.428\/1037) ivme kazand\u0131rarak devam ettirdi\u011fi din ile felsefenin birli\u011fini temin etme hareketiyle dini felsefe yoluyla aklile\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinin sona erdiricisidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130man\u0131 aklile\u015ftirmenin onun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc atmaktan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanan \u0130mam Gazali, y\u00f6neltti\u011fi ele\u015ftirilerle S\u00fcnni \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda rasyonalist felsefenin sona ermesine ve yeni bir felsefenin, hikmete y\u00f6nelik bir felsefe olarak tasavvufun do\u011fu\u015funa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Felsefe \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kapatarak tasavvufi felsefe \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131, ak\u0131lc\u0131 felsefeye tamamen kar\u015f\u0131t bir g\u00f6n\u00fcl felsefesini in\u015fa edilmeyi nas\u0131l ba\u015farabilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu, sadece Gazali\u2019nin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ko\u015fullar ile onun entelekt\u00fcel kudretine ba\u011flamak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Onun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7eriden de <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/batiniyye\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/batiniyye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bat\u0131niler <\/a>ile <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ismailiyye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ismailiyye\">\u0130smaililer<\/a>\u2019in \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kriz d\u00f6nemiydi. Gazali i\u015fte b\u00f6yle bir kriz d\u00f6neminde \u0130slam toplumuna ayn\u0131 inan\u00e7, duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ekseninde yeni bir dinamizm kazand\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu amac\u0131n\u0131 yabanc\u0131 kaynaklara de\u011fil de \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n kendi \u00f6z kaynaklar\u0131na dayanarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immanuel_Kant\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immanuel_Kant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kant\u2019\u0131n <\/a>(1724-1804) kendi \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n felsefesine y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirilerinin felsefeyi <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/metafizik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/metafizik\">metafizikten<\/a> ar\u0131nd\u0131rarak, bilimi temellendirecek ve destekleyecek bir felsefe konsepsiyonunun bayraktarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131; her ko\u015ful alt\u0131nda, din ya da metafizik ve gelenek kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda felsefeden ve ilerlemeden yana bir ele\u015ftiri oldu\u011fu yerde, Gazali\u2019nin felsefi ele\u015ftirisi, her ne kadar kendisinin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya b\u00f6yle bir amac\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015f olsa da rasyonalist felsefeyi ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik bir tavr\u0131n, ilerleme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gelene\u011fin yan\u0131nda olman\u0131n sembol\u00fc olup \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Felsefe_Elestirisi\"><strong>Felsefe Ele\u015ftirisi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Felsefenin din i\u00e7in kesinlikle zararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, bunu \u0130slam ve Yunan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeki filozof \u00f6rnekleriyle ele al\u0131p arg\u00fcmantatif bir tarzda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi eseri <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tehafutul-felasife\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tehafutul-felasife\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tehaf\u00fct\u00fc\u2019l Felasife<\/a>\u2019dir. Eserin temel iddias\u0131 ilahi meselelerin, ilahiyatla ilgili konular\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde akl\u0131n yetersizli\u011finden dolay\u0131, bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman i\u00e7in en do\u011fru tutumun bu gibi konular\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde dini a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 kabul etmek oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazali, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/messaiyye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/messaiyye\">Me\u015f\u015fai <\/a>filozoflar\u0131n rasyonel delillerle kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde ezeli evren ve ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7s\u0131z zaman fikrini savunmakla, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n h\u00fcr ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 Tanr\u0131 inanc\u0131ndan sapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n e\u015fyay\u0131 t\u00fcmel bir bilgi ile bildi\u011fini iddia ederek, Allah\u2019\u0131n bilgisini s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ahiret hayat\u0131n\u0131n sadece ruhani bir hayat, ahiret mutlulu\u011funun da akli ve manevi duyumlardan ibaret oldu\u011fu \u015feklindeki fikirleriyle cismani dirili\u015fi reddettiklerini, Kur\u2019an tasvirlerini halk\u0131n ahlaki terbiyesini ama\u00e7layan semboller olarak de\u011ferlendirdiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O, sonu\u00e7 olarak da b\u00fct\u00fcn bu fikirleri Kuran\u2019da yer alan sarih a\u00e7\u0131klamalara ters d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri ve peygamberleri yalanlad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in felsefenin iman a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve filozoflar\u0131n tekfir edilmeleri gerekti\u011fi kanaatine var\u0131r. Gazali bu ba\u011flamda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin iman\u0131n esaslar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00e2fir say\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bildirdi\u011fi filozoflar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 gruba ay\u0131r\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Materyalistler (<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/dehriyye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/dehriyye\">Dehriyyun<\/a>)<br>2. Do\u011fac\u0131lar (<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tabiiyyun\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tabiiyyun\">Tabiiyyun<\/a>)<br>3. Metafizik\u00e7iler (<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kategori:Metafizik%C3%A7iler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kategori:Metafizik%C3%A7iler\">\u0130lahiyyun<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunlardan materyalistler ger\u00e7ekten var olan biricik \u015fey olan maddenin ezeli oldu\u011funu, evrende g\u00f6zlemlenen d\u00fczenin maddenin kendi geli\u015fme yasalar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerken, bir yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yads\u0131rlar. Do\u011fac\u0131lar ya da <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teizm\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teizm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">teistler <\/a>ise bir yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n veya ak\u0131ll\u0131 bir Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanmakla birlikte, onun d\u00fcnyaya m\u00fcdahale etmesine izin vermezler ve <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruh\">ruhun <\/a>\u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc reddederler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazali\u2019ye g\u00f6re Teistler, evrenin ezeli oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bilgisini s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 ve hepsinden de \u00f6nemlisi t\u00fcr\u00fcm \u00f6\u011fretileri ile ilahi yaratman\u0131n evrensel bir <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Determinizm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Determinizm\">determinizme <\/a>tabi olmas\u0131ndan sorumlu olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in dine di\u011ferlerinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zarar verirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazali\u2019ye g\u00f6re, Farabi ve \u0130bni Sina\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131, hak yolunu b\u0131rakarak bat\u0131l\u0131 taklit etmeleri ve dinin pozitif olgular\u0131n\u0131 metafizik sistemlere kurban etmeleridir. Tehaf\u00fct\u00fc\u2019l Felasife\u2019de Gazali, filozoflar\u0131n tam 20 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini \u015fiddetle ele\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Filozoflar\u0131n evrenin ezeli ve ebedi oldu\u011funa dair dogma ya da inan\u00e7lar\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Onlar\u0131n bir yandan evrenin ezeli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerken di\u011fer yandan da Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n evrenin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etmelerindeki \u00e7eli\u015fki,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Filozoflar\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledikleri Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yaratma eylemini her durumda bir determinizm ihtiva eden bir t\u00fcr\u00fcm teorisi ile a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Onlar\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ne t\u00fcmellerine ne de tikellerine dair bilgisini a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 ba\u015farmalar\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. Filozoflar\u0131n yine Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, birli\u011fini, basitli\u011fini ve maddi olmamakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayamamalar\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6. Onlar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 nedenlerin do\u011fas\u0131na dayand\u0131ran nedensellik teorilerinin b\u00e2t\u0131l olu\u015fu,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7. Filozoflar\u0131n <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nefis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nefis\">nefs <\/a>ya da ruhun ne tinsel ne de \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermeyi ba\u015faramamalar\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Evrenin_Ezeliligi\"><strong>Evrenin Ezelili\u011fi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazali\u2019nin en fazla rahats\u0131z oldu\u011fu ve kitab\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak d\u00f6rtte birini bu konuyu tart\u0131\u015fmaya ve \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f evrenin ezelili\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Gazali-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1876\" width=\"296\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Gazali-1-1.jpg 505w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Gazali-1-1-210x300.jpg 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazali\u2019ye g\u00f6re filozoflar bizi \u015fu iki alternatiften sonuncusunu kabul etmeye zorlarlar: Ya Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir zaman hi\u00e7bir \u015fey zuhur etmemi\u015ftir, ya da evrenin onun iradesinin dolay\u0131ms\u0131z bir etkisi olarak ezelden beri var olmu\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evrenin ezeli oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan filozoflar\u0131n tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Gazali\u2019ye g\u00f6re onlar\u0131n bu ba\u011flamda <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sudur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sudur\">t\u00fcr\u00fcm teorisine<\/a> ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019dan t\u0131pk\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi adeta kendili\u011finden, zorunlulukla ta\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiren kan\u0131t\u0131n en \u00f6nemli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00f6\u011fretinin Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n mutlak bilgisini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da kesin olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Tanrinin_Bilgisinin_Neligi\"><strong>Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Bilgisinin Ne\u2019li\u011fi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazali\u2019ye g\u00f6re t\u00fcr\u00fcm \u00f6\u011fretisini benimseyen filozoflar\u0131n, d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri en temel yanl\u0131\u015f, onlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretinin bir gere\u011fi olarak Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc bilmesi ile yaratman\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u015fey oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmalar\u0131 ve sistemlerinde Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca t\u00fcmelleri bilip tikelleri bilmedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek durumunda kalmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yunan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde Platon, \u0130slam felsefesinde de Farabi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu ayr\u0131m, Gazali\u2019ye g\u00f6re dini y\u0131kacak, tanr\u0131y\u0131 en temel s\u0131fat\u0131ndan yoksun b\u0131rakacak <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ateizm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ateizm\">ateizmle <\/a>sonu\u00e7lanacak kadar zararl\u0131 bir ayr\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nitekim Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sadece t\u00fcmelleri bildi\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, onun zaman \u00fcst\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde kendisine yakar\u0131p dua eden m\u00fcminlerin dualar\u0131n\u0131 duymayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, bunun da inananlar\u0131n kendilerine \u201cTanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bana ne yarar\u0131 var?\u201d diye sormalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazali, filozoflar\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bilgisini sadece t\u00fcmellerin bilgisi ile s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedeninin, onlar\u0131n tanr\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeden ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131k tutma istekleri oldu\u011fu inanc\u0131ndad\u0131r. Filozoflar\u0131n kan\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re bireyler, tek tek nesne ve olaylar s\u00fcrekli bir de\u011fi\u015fme i\u00e7indedir. De\u011fi\u015fme s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, bilgi de bilinene tabi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fmek durumundad\u0131r. Tanr\u0131 tikelleri bilseydi, O\u2019nun da de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekecekti. Oysa Tanr\u0131 mutlak olarak de\u011fi\u015fmez olan varl\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu durumun bir sonucu olarak Tanr\u0131 tikelleri veya c\u00fczi olan\u0131 bilmemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Nedensellik_Dusuncesi\"><strong>Nedensellik D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Gazali-2-1-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1878\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Gazali-2-1-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Gazali-2-1-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Gazali-2-1-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Gazali-2-1-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Gazali-2-1-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Gazali-2-1-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Filozoflar\u0131n <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nedensellik\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nedensellik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">nedensellik <\/a>ba\u011flam\u0131nda do\u011faya i\u00e7kin olan yasal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmeleri, onun g\u00f6z\u00fcnde, k\u00fcf\u00fcrle e\u015f anlaml\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer do\u011fal nedensellik ilkesi ge\u00e7erli ise Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iradesi ge\u00e7ersiz hale gelece\u011fi gibi do\u011fal olarak mucizelere de yer kalmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazali neden-sonu\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmekle birlikte bu ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnden gelen bir zorunluluk olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Zira ate\u015f yakmayabilir. (Hz. \u0130brahim \u00f6rne\u011fi) Bu durum onlar aras\u0131nda zorunlu bir ba\u011flant\u0131 de\u011fil, sadece ard\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ili\u015fkisi bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Filozoflar\u0131n nedensel zorunluluk dedikleri \u015fey, Gazali\u2019nin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde do\u011fal bir zorunluluk de\u011fil, fakat sadece bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131kt\u0131r. Ate\u015f-yanma benzeri b\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011fal varl\u0131k ve olaylar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n o \u015fekilde irade ve takdir edip yaratmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Gazali8217nin_Tasavvuf_Dusuncesi\">Gazali&#8217;nin <strong>Tasavvuf D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n rasyonel bir tarzda bilinebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyenlere \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan, k\u0131sacas\u0131 felsefede arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulanlar\u0131 da k\u00fcf\u00fcrle su\u00e7layan Gazali, en sonunda g\u00f6n\u00fcl yoluna girip tasavvufi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve hayat tarz\u0131n\u0131 benimser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazali, ruhun en temel unsurunun ak\u0131l de\u011fil irade oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrer. \u0130nsan ya beden sevgisiyle bedeni tatmine y\u00f6nelir, ya da kendisini Tanr\u0131ya yakla\u015ft\u0131racak erdemli eylemlerle ger\u00e7ek kayna\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelir. Hakk\u0131n hakikatin kendisine tecelli etti\u011fi kalpte varl\u0131k, a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik kavran\u0131r. Ki\u015finin kendi i\u00e7 tecr\u00fcbesiyle ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bu bilgi sadece Peygamberlere ve y\u00fcksek bir ahlaki ar\u0131nmay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilirmi\u015f olan velilere verilen, duyu ve akl\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ebilen kutsi-nebevi ruhun bir mazhariyetidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/islam-felsefesinin-kilit-ismi-ibni-sina-o-428-1037\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"\u0130slam Felsefesinin Kilit \u0130smi: \u0130bni Sina\">\u0130slam Felsefesinin Kilit \u0130smi: \u0130bni Sina<\/a>&#8220;<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/gazzali\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/gazzali<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kindi-yakub-b-ishak\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kindi-yakub-b-ishak<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/farabi\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/farabi<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ibn-sina\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ibn-sina<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/din\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/din<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/felsefe\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/felsefe<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/iman\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/iman<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tasavvuf\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tasavvuf<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/batiniyye\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/batiniyye<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ismailiyye\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ismailiyy<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immanuel_Kant\">https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immanuel_Kan<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/metafizik\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/metafizi<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antik_Yunan_felsefesi\">https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antik_Yunan_felsefes<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tehafutul-felasife\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tehafutul-felasif<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/messaiyye\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/messaiyy<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/dehriyye\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/dehriyye<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tabiiyyun\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tabiiyyun<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kategori:Metafizik%C3%A7iler\">https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kategori:Metafizik%C3%A7iler<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teizm\">https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teizm<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruh\">https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruh<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Determinizm\">https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Determinizm<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nefis\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nefis<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sudur\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sudur<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ateizm\">https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ateizm<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nedensellik\">https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nedensellik<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kufur\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kufur<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mucize\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mucize<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ibrahim--peygamber\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ibrahim&#8211;peygamber<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/irade\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/irade<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erdem\">https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erdem<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gazali, y\u00f6neltti\u011fi ele\u015ftirilerle S\u00fcnni \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda rasyonalist felsefenin sona ermesine ve yeni bir felsefenin, hikmete y\u00f6nelik bir felsefe olarak tasavvufun do\u011fu\u015funa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[147,560],"tags":[610,609,135,624],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1319"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1319"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2833,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1319\/revisions\/2833"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}