{"id":1460,"date":"2021-11-29T17:16:51","date_gmt":"2021-11-29T14:16:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=1460"},"modified":"2021-12-06T18:50:19","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T15:50:19","slug":"hristiyanlik-dininin-tarihsel-gelisimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/hristiyanlik-dininin-tarihsel-gelisimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hristiyanl\u0131k Dininin Tarihsel Geli\u015fimi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Tarihsel_Seruven_ve_Cografik_Yayilim\">Tarihsel Ser\u00fcven ve Co\u011frafik Yay\u0131l\u0131m<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Hristiyanlik_Dininin_Tarihsel_Gelisimi\">Hristiyanl\u0131k Dininin Tarihsel Geli\u015fimi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Hz_Isa_Donemi\">Hz. \u0130sa D\u00f6nemi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Isa_Mesih_Kimdir\">\u0130sa Mesih Kimdir?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Havariler_ve_Pavlus\">Havariler ve Pavlus<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Patristik_Donem_ve_Konsiller\">Patristik D\u00f6nem ve Konsiller<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Cesitli_Heterodoksal_Akimlar\">\u00c7e\u015fitli Heterodoksal Ak\u0131mlar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kristolojik_Tartismalar\">Kristolojik Tart\u0131\u015fmalar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Hristiyan_Konsil_Gelenegi\">Hristiyan Konsil Gelene\u011fi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Hristiyanligin_Yayilis_Donemi\">Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f D\u00f6nemi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Tarihsel_Seruven_ve_Cografik_Yayilim\"><strong>Tarihsel Ser\u00fcven ve Co\u011frafik Yay\u0131l\u0131m<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kur&#8217;an\u2019da <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nasrani\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nasrani\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nasrani <\/a>ve \u00e7o\u011ful olarak Nasara \u015feklinde kullan\u0131lan kavram <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hiristiyanlik\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hiristiyanlik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hristiyanlar\u0131 <\/a>i\u015faret etmektedir. \u0130slam tarihinin \u00e7ok erken d\u00f6neminden itibaren M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Hristiyanlar ile yak\u0131n temas halinde olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Hristiyanlar daha \u00e7ok Roma <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katolik_Kilisesi\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katolik_Kilisesi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Katolik kilisesi<\/a> merkezli olarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00fczerine pek \u00e7ok <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ha%C3%A7l%C4%B1_Seferleri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ha%C3%A7l%C4%B1_Seferleri\">Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi<\/a> d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Hristiyanlik_Dininin_Tarihsel_Gelisimi\"><strong>Hristiyanl\u0131k Dininin Tarihsel Geli\u015fimi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihi ve 2 milyar\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n m\u00fcntesibi ile Hristiyanl\u0131k, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nemli inan\u00e7 sistemlerinden birisidir. Mesih\u00e7i anlam\u0131na gelen Hristiyan teriminin bu dinin ba\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/isa\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/isa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hz. \u0130sa<\/a> sonras\u0131 oldu\u011fu kesindir. Zira Hristiyan isminin ilk kez kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak Resullerin \u0130\u015fleri kitab\u0131nda Luka yakla\u015f\u0131k MS 50 y\u0131l\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. Bu terimin ilk defa <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antakya\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antakya\">Antakya<\/a>\u2019da o y\u0131llarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Hz_Isa_Donemi\"><strong>Hz. \u0130sa D\u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hristiyanlik-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2306\" width=\"335\" height=\"181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hristiyanlik-1.png 616w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hristiyanlik-1-300x162.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/yahudilik\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/yahudilik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Yahudi <\/a>toplumu Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filistin\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filistin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Filistin <\/a>b\u00f6lgesinde Yahudi bir toplum i\u00e7erisinde do\u011fup ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Onun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Yahudi gelene\u011finde birbirinden farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikleriyle dikkati \u00e7eken \u00e7e\u015fitli ak\u0131mlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferisiler\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferisiler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ferisiler<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sadukiler\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sadukiler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sadukiler<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zealotlar_(Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu)\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zealotlar_(Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zelotlar<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/samiriler\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/samiriler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Samiriler<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Esseniler\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Esseniler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Esseniler<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%A2bi%C3%AElik\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%A2bi%C3%AElik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nasuralar<\/a>\u2019d\u0131r. Eldeki mevcut kaynaklarda Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n hem Ferisiler hem de Sadukilerle ciddi m\u00fccadele i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011fu, \u00f6zellikle Sadukilerin onun mesaj\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ciddi bir muhalefet sergiledikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda heterodoksal gruplar aras\u0131nda yer alan vaftizciler, usulc\u00fcler gibi daha bir\u00e7ok ak\u0131m mevcuttur. Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde Filistin b\u00f6lgesinde <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hirodes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hirodes\">Herod <\/a>ailesinin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi yar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z otonom bir y\u00f6netimin i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Y\u00f6rede i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131nda olan valiler Roma imparatorlu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Isa_Mesih_Kimdir\"><strong>\u0130sa Mesih Kimdir?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n kimli\u011fi konusunda eldeki mevcut kaynaklar bize iki farkl\u0131 \u0130sa tipolojisi sunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan ilki Miladi takvimin ba\u015flar\u0131nda Filistin b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan tarihsel bir \u015fahsiyet olan \u0130sa\u2019d\u0131r ki bu fig\u00fcr genellikle \u201ctarihsel \u0130sa\u201d ya da \u201ctarihin \u0130sa\u2019s\u0131\u201d diye isimlendirilir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Tarihsel \u0130sa, Yahudi toplumu i\u00e7erisinde do\u011fan bir \u0130srailo\u011flu olarak ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren ve toplumdaki inan\u00e7s\u0131zl\u0131klar ve ahlaki faaliyetlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele eden bir \u015fah\u0131s olarak dikkati \u00e7eker. Di\u011fer fig\u00fcr ise H\u0131ristiyan inanc\u0131na konu olan teslisin ikinci unsuru olan O\u011ful \u0130sa Mesih\u2019tir. \u0130lahi O\u011ful \u0130sa Mesih bedenle\u015fen kelam olarak bir ilahi kurtar\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Tarihsel \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme ait tarihsel say\u0131labilecek kaynaklardan s\u00f6z edilemez. Yani Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme ait tarihsel kaynaklar adeta onu yok saymaktad\u0131r. Bu durum do\u011fal olarak baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7 ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi u\u00e7 bir iddiaya sevk etmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer taraftan Hz. \u0130sa\u2019dan bahseden kaynaklardan en \u00f6nemlisi me\u015fhur Yahudi tarih\u00e7i <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josephus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josephus\">Flavius Josephus<\/a>\u2019tur. Ayr\u0131ca 5. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait olmakla birlikte \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlere ait malzemeyi ihtiva eden <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/talmud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/talmud\">Talmud <\/a>da Hz. \u0130sa\u2019dan zaman zaman bahsetmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hristiyanlik-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2307\" width=\"372\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hristiyanlik-2.jpg 556w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hristiyanlik-2-300x175.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Hz. \u0130sa ile ilgili Hristiyanl\u0131k i\u00e7i kaynaklar aras\u0131nda ise <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/yeni-ahid\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/yeni-ahid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Yeni Ahit<\/a>\u2019i te\u015fkil eden kanonik metinlerle Yeni Ahit d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan apokrif metinler say\u0131labilir. Yeni Ahit metinlerinde \u0130sa hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren en erken kaynak <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pavlus\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pavlus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pavlus<\/a>\u2019tur. Ancak Pavlus mektuplar\u0131nda tarihte ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 ve s\u00f6zlerinden ziyade kendisine g\u00f6kte g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenen ilahi o\u011ful \u0130sa Mesih \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Esasen o, mektuplar\u0131nda tarihsel \u0130sa ve imana konu olan ilahi o\u011ful ayr\u0131m\u0131na yer verir ve kendi s\u00f6ylemlerinde tarihsel \u0130sa ya da onun deyimi ile bedenen ya\u015fayan \u0130sa\u2019dan \u00e7ok <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%9Eam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%9Eam\">\u015eam <\/a>vizyonunda kendisine g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ilahi o\u011ful ve onun mesaj\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu belirtir<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hz. \u0130sa ve ya\u015fam\u0131 konusundaki di\u011fer kanonik kaynaklar olan \u0130ncillerde esas itibar\u0131yla Pavlus gibi ilahi o\u011ful \u0130sa Mesih\u2019i \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Pavlus\u2019un takip\u00e7isi olan \u0130ncil yazarlar\u0131 Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ilahi o\u011ful \u0130sa Mesih \u00f6\u011fretisi temelinde \u015fekillendi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemin \u0130sa anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple ger\u00e7ek bir \u0130sa portresi ortaya koymak olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Eldeki mevcut metinlerden hareketle tarihsel \u0130sa olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ve temel mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u015fu tablo \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kendisini \u0131srarla insano\u011flu olarak nitelendiren Hz. \u0130sa, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/musa--peygamber\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/musa--peygamber\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hz. Musa <\/a>hukukuna ve inanc\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olan bir \u015fahsiyettir \u00dcrd\u00fcn Nehri civar\u0131nda faaliyetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fcten ve insanlar\u0131 g\u00fcnahlar\u0131ndan ar\u0131nmaya ve en g\u00fczel ahlaka \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran Hz. Yahya\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131na gelerek onun eliyle vaftiz olmu\u015ftur (gus\u00fcl abdesti alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r). Bu eylem o d\u00f6nemde g\u00fcnahlardan t\u00f6vbe ederek <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/yahya\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/yahya\">Hz. Yahya <\/a>cemaatine kat\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hz. Yahya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ise Hz. \u0130sa \u00e7e\u015fitli yerle\u015fim birimlerindeki <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinagog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinagog\">sinagoglarda<\/a> ve di\u011fer yerlerde halk\u0131 ir\u015fad ve tebli\u011f faaliyetlerine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n halka y\u00f6nelik temel mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 3 ana noktada \u00f6zetlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Bunlardan ilki insanlar\u0131 tanr\u0131n\u0131n krall\u0131\u011f\u0131na davet etmektir. Bu davet tanr\u0131n\u0131n emir ve yasaklar\u0131na ba\u011flanmak suretiyle ona iman etmeyi ve yakla\u015fan hesap\/yarg\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmay\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Temel mesajlardan ikincisi Musa hukuku olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ilahi yasalara ya da haram ve helal kurallar\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011flanmakla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc husus ise onun toplumda \u00f6zellikle din adamlar\u0131 ve y\u00f6neticilerle ili\u015fkili olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen ahlaks\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O d\u00f6nemde toplumsal yap\u0131y\u0131 kendi \u00e7\u0131kar ve menfaatlerine uygun \u015fekilde y\u00f6nlendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve \u00f6zellikle Ferisi ve Saduki ileri gelenlerinden olu\u015fan gruplar hukuku kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda yorumlay\u0131p uygulamakta, dinsel inan\u00e7lar, beklentiler ve mekanlar\u0131 kendi ki\u015fisel ama\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde anlay\u0131p kullanmaktad\u0131rlar. Hz. \u0130sa s\u00f6z ve eylemleriyle b\u00fct\u00fcn bu g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hz. \u0130sa\u2019yla ilgili, etraf\u0131ndaki insanlarca yap\u0131lan birtak\u0131m de\u011ferlendirmeler ve ona verilen isimler dikkati \u00e7ekmektedir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda en dikkate de\u011fer olanlar\u0131 onun bir \u201cpeygamber\u201d ya da \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mesih\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mesih\">Mesih<\/a>\u201d oldu\u011fu kanaatidir. Bir ba\u015fka dikkati \u00e7eken de\u011ferlendirme ise onun \u201cyeniden dirilen Yahya\u201d ya da Eski Ahitte\u201c kas\u0131rgalar aras\u0131nda ilahi aleme y\u00fckseldi\u011fi ifade edilen ve Yahudi gelene\u011finde her an ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p hakk\u0131 ve hakikati temsil edece\u011fi ve yoksullara yard\u0131m edece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen \u0130lyas\u201d oldu\u011fudur. Di\u011fer taraftan genelde halk onu \u201cCelile\u2019nin Nas\u0131ra kentinden \u0130sa peygamber\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0131radan halktan ba\u015fka, Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer alan talebelerinin de onu bir peygamber olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne hatta baz\u0131 ifadelerinde Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n kendisinin bir peygamber oldu\u011funu ima eden s\u00f6zlerine de rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Luka\u2019n\u0131n Resullerin \u0130\u015fleri\u2019ndeki ifadelerine g\u00f6re Petrus konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n, Eski Ahit peygamberlerince m\u00fcjdelendi\u011fini duyurmakta ve \u00f6rne\u011fin Musa\u2019n\u0131n Tesniye\u2019de yer alan s\u00f6zlerini \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n gelece\u011fiyle ili\u015fkili bir m\u00fcjde olarak alg\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baz\u0131 talebelerinin onu bir Mesih olarak nitelemesine ra\u011fmen bizzat onun kendisi ile ilgili b\u00f6ylesi bir isimlendirmede bulunmamas\u0131 ve \u0131srarla kendisi ile ilgili \u201c\u0130nsano\u011flu\u201d ifadesi kullanmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. Di\u011fer taraftan Hz. \u0130sa ile ilgili kullan\u0131lan Mesih tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 onun Yahudilerin bekledikleri \u201cMesih Kral\u201d oldu\u011fu kanaatinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Yahudilerin bekledi\u011fi bu kurtar\u0131c\u0131 fig\u00fcr yaln\u0131zca dini ve ahlaki anlamda bir canlanmay\u0131 de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda siyasi ba\u011flamda bir de\u011fi\u015fimi de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek olan bir fig\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Hz. \u0130sa etraf\u0131ndaki insanlarca b\u00f6ylesi bir Mesih olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n sonu olduk\u00e7a dramatik \u015fekilde sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pavlus\u00e7u anlay\u0131\u015f do\u011frultusunda <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/incil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/incil\">\u0130ncil <\/a>yazarlar\u0131 onun y\u00f6neticilerce \u201cYahudilerin kral\u0131\u201d oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu ve Yahudi din adamlar\u0131nca da sapk\u0131nl\u0131k ve fitnecilik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla su\u00e7lan\u0131p yarg\u0131land\u0131ktan sonra \u00e7arm\u0131ha gerilme cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131rlar. Pavlus ve \u0130ncil yazarlar\u0131 Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n bu cezas\u0131 sonras\u0131 \u00e7arm\u0131ha gerilerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kanaatini i\u015flerler. Bu konuda farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin oldu\u011fu da bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Havariler_ve_Pavlus\"><strong>Havariler ve Pavlus<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hristiyanlik-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2308\" width=\"285\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hristiyanlik-3.jpg 472w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hristiyanlik-3-220x300.jpg 220w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Hz. \u0130sa\u2019ya inananlar aras\u0131ndan onun \u00f6nce \u00f6\u011frencileri ya da <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/havari\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/havari\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">havarileri <\/a>olarak bilinen ki\u015filerin isimleri Hristiyan kaynaklarda verilmektedir. Bunlar: Yakup, Petrus, Yuhanna, Andreas, Filip, Bartalamay, Matta, Thomas, Alfay o\u011flu Yakub, Taday, Simon ve <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Havari#%C4%B0sa'n%C4%B1n_On_%C4%B0ki_Havarisi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Havari#%C4%B0sa'n%C4%B1n_On_%C4%B0ki_Havarisi\">Yahuda \u0130skaryot<\/a>\u2019tur. Ancak Hz. \u0130sa\u2019ya inananlar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n bunlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. B\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle \u0130ncil yazarlar\u0131 Eski Ahit gelene\u011fi \u00fczerinden bu inanc\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla \u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 12 kabilesine atfen 12 havarisinin isminden bahsetmektedirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hz. \u0130sa sonras\u0131nda havariler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira bir taraftan Roma y\u00f6netimi bir taraftan da Yahudiler isyank\u00e2r, fitneci ve sapk\u0131n addettikleri Hz \u0130sa ba\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik takibat ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu durum do\u011fal olarak havarilerin Filistin b\u00f6lgesindeki hareketlerini s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f ve onlardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Filistin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerde varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Filistin b\u00f6lgesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Antakya ve \u015eam gibi merkezlerde de \u0130sa yanl\u0131s\u0131 cemaatler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu merkezler aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Antakya olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Zira burada olu\u015fan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131nca Helenistik \u0130sa cemaati olarak tan\u0131mlanan bir cemaat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir i\u015flev \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barnabas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barnabas\">Barnabas <\/a>ve Hahanya gibi baz\u0131 \u0130sa yanl\u0131s\u0131 ki\u015filer, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n Yahudi gelene\u011finde beklenen Mesih oldu\u011funa inanmakta, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131nda kurtar\u0131c\u0131 Mesih d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karmaktayd\u0131lar. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7arm\u0131hta \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc onlar \u00fczerine bir \u015fok etkisi olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. Zira \u0130sa Mesih kurtar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6revini tam olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeden \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu durumda onlar mesaj\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamak \u00fczere \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n yeniden \u00f6l\u00fcmden dirildi\u011fine inanmaktayd\u0131lar. Bu cemaatin Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131nda Mesih inanc\u0131n\u0131 merkeze alan bir \u00f6\u011freti etraf\u0131nda toplanmas\u0131, bunlar\u0131n MS 50 y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131nda \u201cMesih\u00e7iler\u201d anlam\u0131nda Hristiyanlar olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hristiyanl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7arm\u0131hta \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sonras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan en \u00f6nemli fig\u00fcr Pavlus\u2019tur. 1 ile 10 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda do\u011fdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Pavlus, soyunu \u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Benyamin kabilesine ba\u011flamakta ve kendisinin de <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ibrahim--peygamber\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ibrahim--peygamber\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0130brahim <\/a>soyundan gelen bir \u0130sraili oldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fdu\u011fu yer ve aidiyeti konusunda ise kendini <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tarsus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tarsus\">Tarsus <\/a>do\u011fumlu bir Roma vatanda\u015f\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan Pavlus\u2019un kendisine y\u00f6nelik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131mlamalar aras\u0131nda en dikkat \u00e7ekici olan\u0131 ana rahmindeyken se\u00e7ilip g\u00f6revlendirilen ki\u015fi oldu\u011fudur. Bu ba\u011flamda o kendisinin Mesih s\u0131rr\u0131na\/mesaj\u0131na dayal\u0131 \u201cgizli bilginin \u00f6\u011freticisi\u201d ve \u201cGentileler Havarisi\u201d ya da \u201c\u0130sa Mesih\u2019in Havarisi\u201d olarak adland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda Pavlus ya\u015fam\u0131 esnas\u0131nda \u0130sa\u2019ya iman etmemi\u015f ve hatta onu g\u00f6rmemi\u015f olsa da kendisini bir havari olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kendisinin ve yak\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencisi <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luka\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luka\">Luka<\/a>\u2019n\u0131n anlat\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sonras\u0131nda \u015eam\u2019daki \u0130sa yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 cezaland\u0131r-mak \u00fczere yoldayken g\u00f6kte \u0130sa Mesih kendisine g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ve kendisini bir havari olarak tayin etmi\u015ftir. \u015eam vizyonu olarak bilinen bu tecr\u00fcbe yaln\u0131zca Pavlus\u2019un ya\u015fam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil Hristiyan gelene\u011finin \u015fekillenmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130sa Mesih taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilip havari olarak atand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u00e7a vurgulayan Pavlus, bununla da kalmayarak havarilere kar\u015f\u0131 arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131nda onlar\u0131 \u201chukuka g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilmi\u015fler\u201d, kendisini ise \u201cvaade g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilmi\u015f\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamakta ve vaadinin hukuka \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle kendisinin di\u011fer havarilerden daha \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu ima etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu d\u00f6nemde havarilerden Yakup liderli\u011findeki Kud\u00fcs cemaati ise tarihsel \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak bu cemaat bir taraftan Yahudiler ve Romal\u0131 y\u00f6neticilere kar\u015f\u0131 var olma m\u00fccadelesi verirken di\u011fer taraftan Pavlus\u2019un dine giri\u015fi sonras\u0131 liderli\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Antakya merkezli Helenistik cemaatle ve onun \u0130sa ve din anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla m\u00fccadele etme durumunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yahudi Hristiyanlar olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu cemaat (<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ebiyonitler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ebiyonitler\">Ebionitler<\/a>), zamanla yok olmu\u015ftur. Bu durumda ku\u015fkusuz 4. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun egemen dini haline gelen Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u0130sa anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ve bunlar\u0131n referanslar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok etme politikas\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Patristik_Donem_ve_Konsiller\"><strong>Patristik D\u00f6nem ve Konsiller<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hristiyanlik-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2309\" width=\"358\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hristiyanlik-4.png 407w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hristiyanlik-4-300x199.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Pavlus sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Hristiyanl\u0131k ilk iki y\u00fczy\u0131lda Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda tutunmaya ve yay\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Do\u011fal olarak belirli d\u00f6nemlerde Hristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli takibatlar s\u00f6z konusu oldu. Ancak genel olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Hristiyanl\u0131k Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda gerek merkezi yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerinde gerekse k\u0131rsal alanda yay\u0131lma imk\u00e2n\u0131 buldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Cesitli_Heterodoksal_Akimlar\"><strong>\u00c7e\u015fitli Heterodoksal Ak\u0131mlar<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Hristiyanlar\u0131n erken d\u00f6nemlerinden itibaren \u00e7e\u015fitli konularda farkl\u0131 inan\u00e7 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle Roma merkezli Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ana g\u00f6vdesinden farkl\u0131 bir \u00e7izgide olan bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi ve grup ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bunlardan birisi \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0130lahiyat\u00e7\u0131 Sinoplu <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Markion\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Markion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Marcion<\/a>\u2019du. Bir d\u00f6nem Roma\u2019da da etkili olan Marcion, yarat\u0131c\u0131 ve yarg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 Eski Ahit Tanr\u0131s\u0131 ile seven ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan Yeni Ahit Tanr\u0131s\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayal\u0131 ile dikkat \u00e7ekti. O, bu d\u00fcalitede yarat\u0131c\u0131 tanr\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011funu savundu. Marcion\u2019dan ba\u015fka, Gnostik <a href=\"https:\/\/stringfixer.com\/tr\/Cerinthus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/stringfixer.com\/tr\/Cerinthus\">Cerinthus<\/a>, Pavlus\u2019u ve \u00f6\u011frencilerini yalanc\u0131, sahte havariler ve sahtek\u00e2rlar olmakla itham eder. Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00f6zellikle kendi i\u00e7erisinde ne\u015fet eden bu gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Kristolojik_Tartismalar\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kristoloji\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kristoloji\">Kristolojik <\/a>Tart\u0131\u015fmalar<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hrisyanlik-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2310\" width=\"284\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hrisyanlik-5.jpg 479w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hrisyanlik-5-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Hristiyanl\u0131k tarihinde Patristik d\u00f6nem olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, kabaca ilk yedi y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hristiyanl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareketin ana \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in \u015fahs\u0131 konusunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131 konusunda Roma merkezli anlay\u0131\u015fa ciddi bir ele\u015ftiri Antakya patri\u011fi Samsatl\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samsatl%C4%B1_Pavlus\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samsatl%C4%B1_Pavlus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pavlus<\/a>\u2019tan gelmi\u015ftir. Patrik Pavlus, insan\u0131n bir tanr\u0131 oldu\u011fu fikrine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n bir insan oldu\u011funu ve di\u011fer peygamberlerden yaln\u0131zca derece a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri nedeniyle Samsatl\u0131 Pavlus\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 Antakya\u2019da <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synod\" title=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synod\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sinodlar <\/a>toplanm\u0131\u015f ve o hem patriklik makam\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hem de <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aforoz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aforoz\">aforoz <\/a>edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Di\u011fer taraftan insan\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131 konusunda en etkili olan ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Kuzey Afrikal\u0131 \u0130lahiyat\u00e7\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikiqube.net\/wiki\/Arius\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikiqube.net\/wiki\/Arius\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arius <\/a>taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilen \u201cbenzer cevher\u201d teorisidir. Arius, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n bir tanr\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ama ilk yarat\u0131lan ve di\u011fer yarat\u0131klardan \u00fcst\u00fcn baz\u0131 niteliklere sahip bir ki\u015fi oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015ftur. Onun bu fikirlerinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ba\u015fta Kuzey Afrika olmak \u00fczere Hristiyanl\u0131k aleminde dalga dalga yay\u0131lmas\u0131 bir anda Roma\u2019y\u0131 tela\u015fland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve 325\u2019te rivayete g\u00f6re hen\u00fcz Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilan etmemi\u015f olan \u0130mparator Konstantin liderli\u011finde toplanan <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Birinci_%C4%B0znik_Konsili\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Birinci_%C4%B0znik_Konsili\">\u0130znik konsilinde<\/a> aforoz edilmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu konsilde \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n baba ile benzer de\u011fil ayn\u0131 cevhere sahip oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015f ve sonradan \u0130znik-\u0130stanbul Kredosu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan inan\u00e7 form\u00fcl\u00fcndeki Baba ve O\u011ful \u00f6\u011fretisi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131 konusundaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar daha sonra monofizit-diyofizit \u00e7eki\u015fmeleri ile devam etmi\u015ftir. \u0130skenderiye cemaati ile Antakya cemaati aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan bu \u00e7eki\u015fmede Antakya\u2019da ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131lar ve onlara destek veren <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestorius\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestorius\">Nestoryus<\/a> \u0130sa\u2019daki ilahi ve insani olmak \u00fczere iki ayr\u0131 tabiat\u0131n bulundu\u011funu savunurken \u0130skenderiyeliler \u0130sa\u2019da tek bir tabiat\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monofizitizm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monofizitizm\">Monofizitizm<\/a>: Hristiyan teolojisinde \u0130sa\u2019daki insani tabiat\u0131n ilahi tabiat i\u00e7erisinde yok oldu\u011funu ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla onda yaln\u0131zca bir tek ilahi tabiat\u0131n bulundu\u011funu savunan kristolojik doktrindir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikiqube.net\/wiki\/Dyophysitism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikiqube.net\/wiki\/Dyophysitism\">Diyofizitizm<\/a>: Hristiyanl\u0131kta \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131nda birbiriyle birle\u015fmez, ayr\u0131lmaz ve kar\u0131\u015fmaz iki ayr\u0131 tabiat\u0131n yani tanr\u0131sal ve insani tabiat\u0131n mevcut oldu\u011funu savunan kristolojik ak\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde imparatorluk bu iki akide aras\u0131nda bir bak\u0131ma orta yol say\u0131labilecek yeni bir kristolojik yorum ortaya koyacak bir konsil toplam\u0131\u015f ve bu konsilde \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monotelitizm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monotelitizm\">monetelitizm<\/a>\u201d ya da \u201cmonaenerjizm\u201d denilen ve \u0130sa\u2019da bir tek enerji \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan iki tabiat\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunan bir akide savunulmu\u015ftur. Ancak orta yol olarak sunulan bu akide kimseyi tatmin etmemi\u015f ve ayr\u0131l\u0131klar derinle\u015ferek s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Hristiyan_Konsil_Gelenegi\">Hristiyan <strong>Konsil Gelene\u011fi<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Hristiyan gelene\u011finde konsiller kendi aralar\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u00e7\u0131lardan tasnif edilmektedir. Genel konsiller olarak nitelenen ilk 7 konsil, <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katolik\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katolik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Katolik <\/a>ve <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ortodoks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ortodoks\">Ortodokslarca <\/a>kabul edilen toplant\u0131lard\u0131r. Bu konsiller ve konsiller al\u0131nan \u00f6nemli kararlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1-<strong>325 \u0130znik Konsili:<\/strong> O\u011ful, Baba ile ayn\u0131 cevherdendir.<br>2-<strong>381 \u0130stanbul Konsili: <\/strong>Kutsal ruhun tanr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br>3-<strong>431 Efes Konsili:<\/strong> \u0130sa\u2019da bir tek ilahi tabiat vard\u0131r; ilahi tabiat insani y\u00f6n\u00fc i\u00e7ine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Meryem Tanr\u0131 anas\u0131d\u0131r.<br>4-<strong>451 Kad\u0131k\u00f6y Konsili:<\/strong> \u0130sa\u2019da bir \u015fahsiyete birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmayan ilahi ve insani iki ayr\u0131 tabiat yan yana mevcuttur.<br>5-<strong>553 \u0130stanbul Konsili:<\/strong> \u0130sa\u2019daki iki tabiat daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fekilde vurgulanm\u0131\u015f, \u015fah\u0131s birli\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<br>6-<strong>680-81 \u0130stanbul Konsili: <\/strong>Mesih\u2019te iki tabiat ve iki irade oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015f, monotelitizm g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc reddedilmi\u015ftir.<br>7-<strong>787 \u0130znik Konsili:<\/strong> \u0130konalara tazim me\u015fru kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu konsillerde al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. Bunlar\u0131n ilk ikisi b\u00fct\u00fcn Hristiyanlarca sahih konsiller say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Genel konsiller \u00f6k\u00fcmenik ya da evrensel konsiller gibi adlarla da an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Genel konsiller kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n elden geldi\u011fince geni\u015f tutuldu\u011fu ve farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde yer alan Hristiyan cemaatlerin temsil oranlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu konsillerdir. Genel konsillerden ba\u015fka bir de yerel konsiller vard\u0131r. Bunlar ise genellikle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131daki din adam\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczeyde yap\u0131lan konsillerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Konsillerde dini, siyasi, sosyal ve kilise yap\u0131lanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli a\u00e7\u0131lardan Hristiyan inanc\u0131n\u0131n form\u00fcle edilmesi, ibadetlerin belirlenmesi, heretik say\u0131lan ki\u015fi ve gruplar\u0131n din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilan edilmeleri, kilise i\u00e7i hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131n\u0131n ve ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hukukun tespiti ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan tehlike olarak de\u011ferlendirilen olaylara ve g\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131 tedbirler \u00f6nerilmesi hep konsillerde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen ve karar al\u0131nan konular aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle genel konsiller dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda konsil gelene\u011fi ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Zira Hristiyan inanc\u0131nda konsillerde al\u0131nan kararlar Kutsal Ruhun tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve inayetini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece konsillerle vahiy gelene\u011fi devam etmekte ve tanr\u0131sal irade bir \u015fekilde bu kararlara yans\u0131t\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Hristiyanligin_Yayilis_Donemi\"><strong>Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f D\u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Pavlus sonras\u0131 ilk birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hristiyanl\u0131k Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir yay\u0131lma s\u00fcreci ya\u015fad\u0131. \u00d6yle ki 3. yy. sonuna gelindi\u011finde Hristiyan \u00f6\u011fretisi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olan bir b\u00f6lge hemen hemen yoktu. H\u0131ristiyan <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/misyonerlik\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/misyonerlik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">misyonerler <\/a>arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Suriye, Anadolu, Kuzey Afrika ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Akdeniz sahilleri b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Hristiyanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Anadolu\u2019da ise <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V._Abgar\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V._Abgar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kral Abgar<\/a> d\u00f6neminde <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edessa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edessa\">Edessa <\/a>(Urfa) \u015fehir krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimsediler. Hristiyan misyonerli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan as\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 ise \u0130mparator Konstantin d\u00f6neminde Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Roma\u2019n\u0131n me\u015fru dini haline gelmesiyle birlikte ya\u015fand\u0131. Bat\u0131 Roma\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 5. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonras\u0131 dini alan yan\u0131nda siyasi alanda da iktidar\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden papal\u0131\u011f\u0131n dinsel ve siyasal anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla bu \u00e7er\u00e7evedeki a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 Roma destekli misyonerlik faaliyetlerinin merkezinde yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Orta \u00e7a\u011f boyunca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 faaliyetlerinde g\u00f6sterilen ba\u015far\u0131da pek \u00e7ok etken \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan birincisi Hristiyan imparatorluklar\u0131n ve siyasal y\u00f6netimlerin kilise ve misyonerlerin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 destektir. Bu destek hem misyonerler i\u00e7in uygun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n siyasal ve ekonomik olarak desteklenmesi hem de istila edilen y\u00f6relerde halk\u0131n Hristiyanla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli te\u015fvik ve bask\u0131 ortamlar\u0131n\u0131 tesis etme \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6zellikle orta \u00e7a\u011fda Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 faaliyetlerindeki ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda bulunan bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli etken misyon b\u00f6lgelerinde geli\u015ftirilen manast\u0131r ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Misyon b\u00f6lgelerinde kurulan Manast\u0131rlarla y\u00f6reye yerle\u015fen ke\u015fi\u015fler hem y\u00f6reyi tan\u0131ma ve dil, gelenek ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u00f6re halklar\u0131yla kayna\u015fma hem de misyonerlik faaliyetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan manast\u0131rlar\u0131 birer \u00fcs olarak kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Manast\u0131rlar ile irtibatl\u0131 olarak orta \u00e7a\u011f Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genellikle \u00e7e\u015fitli H\u0131ristiyan tarikatlar\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda asist ile <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assisili_Francesco\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assisili_Francesco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Asissili Aziz Francis<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan kurulan <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fransiskenler\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fransiskenler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fransisken Tarikat\u0131 <\/a>ile Aziz Dominik taraf\u0131ndan kurulan <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominikan_Tarikat%C4%B1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominikan_Tarikat%C4%B1\">Dominiken Tarikat\u0131<\/a>, yoksullu\u011fu ve Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 faaliyetlerini temel ama\u00e7 edinen tarikatlard\u0131r. Bu tarikatlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ve genellikle \u201cFriar\u201d olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan ke\u015fi\u015fler manast\u0131rlarda yerle\u015fik ya da gezgin misyonerler olarak misyon b\u00f6lgelerinde Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda aktif rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunlara 16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cizvitler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cizvitler\">Cizvitler<\/a> tarikat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 ke\u015fi\u015fleri de eklemek gerekir. Bu tarikatlar, ke\u015fifler ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemlerinde Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 faaliyetlerinde aktif rollerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. S\u00f6m\u00fcrge b\u00f6lgelerinde s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimleriyle i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren ba\u015fta Cizvitler olmak \u00fczere Katolik kilisesi b\u00fcnyesindeki H\u0131ristiyan gruplara ba\u011fl\u0131 misyonerlerin Afrika, Hindistan, Uzakdo\u011fu ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019da yo\u011fun bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u00e7e\u015fitli <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protestanl%C4%B1k\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protestanl%C4%B1k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Protestan <\/a>kiliselerine ba\u011fl\u0131 misyonerler de \u0130slam \u00fclkelerine ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik faaliyetlere kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 18. ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda ba\u015fta Ortado\u011fu olmak \u00fczere \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinde \u0130ngiliz ve Amerikan misyoner te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun faaliyetleri dikkati \u00e7eker. 20 y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00f6zellikle <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/II._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/II._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/a> sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Hristiyan bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin d\u00fcnya genelinde olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 etkin sosyo-politik yap\u0131 Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmas\u0131na bir zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin bu do\u011frultuda Hristiyanl\u0131k G\u00fcney Kore<a href=\"#_ftn70\">[<\/a> ve Japonya gibi \u00fclkelerde h\u0131zla yay\u0131lma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Hristiyanl\u0131k dinine dair daha detayl\u0131 bilgiyi \u015fu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda bulabilirsiniz: &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/ana-hatlariyla-hristiyanlik\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Ana Hatlar\u0131yla Hristiyanl\u0131k\">Ana Hatlar\u0131yla Hristiyanl\u0131k<\/a>&#8220;<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Kaynaklar\"><strong>Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>TDV \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, Hristiyanl\u0131k Maddesi.<br>Wikipedia, Hristiyanl\u0131k ve Kilise Maddesi.<br>Ana Hatlar\u0131yla Dinler Tarihi, Mahmut Ayd\u0131n, Ensar Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2013.<br>Tanr\u0131n\u0131n Tarihi, Karen Armstrong, Pegasus Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2018.<br>Hristiyanl\u0131k, \u015einasi G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, \u0130SAM Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2013.<br>Dinler Tarihi, ed. Baki Adam, Grafiker Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2010.<br>Dinler Tarihine Giri\u015f, Mircea Eliade, Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2017.<br>D\u00fcnya Dinleri, \u015einasi G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, Milel Nihal Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2015.<br>S\u00fcryani Ortodoks Kilisesinde \u0130badet, Nihat Durak, Ra\u011fbet Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihi ve 2 milyar\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n m\u00fcntesibi ile Hristiyanl\u0131k, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nemli inan\u00e7 sistemlerinden birisidir. Mesih\u00e7i anlam\u0131na gelen Hristiyan teriminin bu dinin ba\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Hz. \u0130sa sonras\u0131 oldu\u011fu kesindir. Zira Hristiyan isminin ilk kez kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak Resullerin \u0130\u015fleri kitab\u0131nda Luka yakla\u015f\u0131k MS 50 y\u0131l\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. Bu terimin ilk defa Antakya\u2019da o y\u0131llarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1466,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12],"tags":[772,589,591,590,592,135,771],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1460"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1460"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1460\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2821,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1460\/revisions\/2821"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1460"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}