{"id":153,"date":"2021-11-16T15:12:46","date_gmt":"2021-11-16T12:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/safirblog\/2018\/05\/03\/bu-vitaminlerin-eksikligine-dikkat-edin\/"},"modified":"2021-12-06T19:56:37","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T16:56:37","slug":"kelam-ilmi-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/kelam-ilmi-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Kelam \u0130lmi Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Kelam_Ilmi_Nedir\">Kelam \u0130lmi Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kelam_Ne_Demektir\">Kelam Ne Demektir?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Kelam_Yerine_Kullanilan_Kelimeler\">Kelam Yerine Kullan\u0131lan Kelimeler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kelam_Ilminin_Kapsamli_Tarifi\">Kelam \u0130lminin Kapsaml\u0131 Tarifi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Konusuna_Gore_Tarifi\">Konusuna G\u00f6re Tarifi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Gayesine_Gore_Tarifi\">Gayesine G\u00f6re Tarifi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kelam_Ilmine_Neden_Kelam_Denmistir\">Kelam \u0130lmine Neden Kelam Denmi\u015ftir?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kelam_Ilminin_Konusu\">Kelam \u0130lminin Konusu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kelam_Ilminin_Gayesi\">Kelam \u0130lminin Gayesi <\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Kelam_Ilmi_Ne_Ise_Yarar\">Kelam \u0130lmi Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kelam_Ilminin_Dogusu_ve_Gelismesi\">Kelam \u0130lminin Do\u011fu\u015fu ve Geli\u015fmesi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Kelam_Ilminin_Ortaya_Cikisina_Neden_Olan_Sebepler\">Kelam \u0130lminin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na Neden Olan Sebepler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Yeni_Ilmi_Kelam\">Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Kelam_Ilmi_Nedir\"><strong>Kelam \u0130lmi Nedir?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kelam ilmi, en temelde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan ve tefekk\u00fcre yani d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye dayanan bir ilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ki y\u00f6nl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r; bunlardan birincisi, tespit misyonudur. Kelam, \u0130slam ilminin temel inan\u00e7 esaslar\u0131n\u0131 ve inanca dayal\u0131 konular\u0131 tespit eder. \u0130kincisi ise temellendirme misyonudur ki tespit edilen esaslar, kesin deliller ve \u00f6nermeler ile temellendirilir, sabitlenir. Bu sabiteler de \u0130slam inanc\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirilen itiraz ve ele\u015ftirileri savu\u015fturmada kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle fetihlerden sonra kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan ve mezhep \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gidermede kelam ilminin etkileri b\u00fcy\u00fck olmu\u015ftur. Tarih boyunca da kelam ilmi, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir kalkan g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, farkl\u0131 din, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, inan\u00e7 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere kar\u015f\u0131 dinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc korumu\u015ftur<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Kelam_Ne_Demektir\"><strong style=\"color: revert; font-size: revert;\">Kelam Ne Demektir?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tefsir-min-1024x680.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-978\" width=\"284\" height=\"189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tefsir-min-1024x680.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tefsir-min-300x199.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tefsir-min-768x510.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tefsir-min-1536x1020.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tefsir-min-2048x1360.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Arap\u00e7a \u0643\u0644\u0645 (kelm) k\u00f6k\u00fcnden gelen \u201ckelime\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7o\u011fuludur, kelam. \u201cKelm\u201d, kelimesi s\u00f6zl\u00fcklerde \u201cyaralamak, etkilemek\u201d demektir. \u201cKelime\u201d ise <em>\u201cbir fikri tam olarak ifade eden s\u00f6z\u201d<\/em> anlam\u0131na sahiptir. \u201cKelam\u201d da \u201ckelime\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7o\u011fulu olarak ayn\u0131 manaya gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir \u0131st\u0131lah olarak inceleyecek olursak, \u00f6ncelikle kelam i\u00e7in tarih i\u00e7inde pek \u00e7ok tan\u0131m yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat bu tan\u0131mlar\u0131n ekseriyeti bir f\u0131rkan\u0131n veya anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde olup kapsaml\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu bak\u0131mdan ilk defa kapsaml\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131n Adduddin el-\u0130ci taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. el-Mevak\u0131f fi ilmi\u2019l-kelam isimli kitab\u0131nda <strong>\u201c<em>Kesin deliller ortaya koyarak ve \u015f\u00fcpheleri ortadan kald\u0131rarak dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131 ispat etmeye ki\u015fiyi muktedir k\u0131lan ilim<\/em>\u201d<\/strong> \u015feklinde bir tan\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fakat bu a\u015famaya gelinmeden \u00f6nce kelam ilminin tarifi ile beraber bu ilmin isminin ne olaca\u011f\u0131na dair de bir tart\u0131\u015fma s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Kelam_Yerine_Kullanilan_Kelimeler\"><strong>Kelam Yerine Kullan\u0131lan Kelimeler<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130lmin olu\u015fum ve geli\u015fim s\u00fcrecine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tarifinin ne oldu\u011funun \u00e7ok ileriki d\u00f6nemlerde netle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Fakat bununla beraber bu ilme farkl\u0131 kesimler taraf\u0131ndan muhtelif isimler verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Akaid \u0130lmi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle akide konular\u0131n\u0131 ele almas\u0131n\u0131 sebebiyle bu ilme Akaid \u0130lmi denmi\u015ftir. Akidenin \u00e7o\u011fulu olan akaid, itikat ve iman gibi kelimelerle ayn\u0131 anlama gelir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130slam dininin inan\u00e7 meselelerini ele almas\u0131 sebebiyle b\u00f6yle bir isim verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Usulu\u2019d-Din<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Usul, temel veya prensip demektir. Usulu\u2019d-Din<a name=\"_ftnref9\" href=\"#_ftn9\">[<\/a> ise dinin temelleri anlam\u0131na gelir. Selef, inan\u00e7 meselelerini dinin temeli ve asl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in inan\u00e7 mevzular\u0131n\u0131 konu edinen bu ilme Usulu\u2019d-Din ismini uygun g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tehvid veya S\u0131fatlar \u0130lmi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130slam akidesini incelemek haddi zat\u0131nda Allah\u2019\u0131n tevhidini tespite dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kelam ilmine Tevhid \u0130lmi diyenler de olmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca bu ilim Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu s\u0131fatlar\u0131n mahiyetini tetkik etti\u011fi i\u00e7in S\u0131fatlar \u0130lmi de denmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>F\u0131kh-\u0131 Ekber<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/el-fikhul-ekber\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/el-fikhul-ekber\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">F\u0131kh-\u0131 Ekber<\/a>, ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ebu-hanife\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ebu-hanife\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0130mam-\u0131 Azam<\/a>\u2019a aittir. F\u0131k\u0131h ilmini \u201cki\u015finin lehine ve aleyhine olanlar\u0131 bilmesidir\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlayan \u0130mam Azam, bu tarife g\u00f6re itikadi konular\u0131 inceleyen ilme de F\u0131kh-\u0131 Ekber demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Kelam_Ilminin_Kapsamli_Tarifi\"><strong style=\"color: revert; font-size: revert;\">Kelam \u0130lminin Kapsaml\u0131 Tarifi<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Mezhebi-Tefsir-1-991x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-905\" width=\"236\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Mezhebi-Tefsir-1-991x1024.jpg 991w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Mezhebi-Tefsir-1-290x300.jpg 290w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Mezhebi-Tefsir-1-768x794.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Mezhebi-Tefsir-1-1486x1536.jpg 1486w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Mezhebi-Tefsir-1-1981x2048.jpg 1981w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 236px) 100vw, 236px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Kelam ilmi zaman i\u00e7erisinde farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lardan tarife tabi tutulmu\u015ftur. Bu tan\u0131mlar\u0131 \u201ckonusuna g\u00f6re\u201d ve \u201cgayesine g\u00f6re\u201d \u015feklinde iki k\u0131sma ay\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Konusuna_Gore_Tarifi\"><strong>Konusuna G\u00f6re Tarifi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Konusuna g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan tarifler, kelam\u0131n ilgilendi\u011fi mevzular baza al\u0131narak yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Fakat ekseriyetle n\u00fcb\u00fcvvet ve ahiret bu tariflerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla efrad\u0131n\u0131 cami a\u011fyar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00e2ni bir tarif yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. \u00d6rnek olarak; <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/curcani-seyyid-serif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/curcani-seyyid-serif\">C\u00fcrcani<\/a>\u2019nin tan\u0131m\u0131 bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilebilir: <strong>\u201c<em>Allah\u2019\u0131n zat\u0131ndan ve s\u0131fatlar\u0131ndan, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve sonu\u00e7 itibariyle k\u00e2inat\u0131n hallerinden \u0130slam kanunu \u00fczere bahseden bir ilimdir.<\/em>\u201d<\/strong> G\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere C\u00fcrcani, tan\u0131m\u0131nda n\u00fcb\u00fcvvet konusunu d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Gayesine_Gore_Tarifi\"><strong>Gayesine G\u00f6re Tarifi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Gayesine nazarla yap\u0131lan tarifler ise kelam ilminin amac\u0131n\u0131 baza almakta ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek istedi\u011fi \u015feyi tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. Burada yine Adduddin el-\u0130ci\u2019nin, el-Mevak\u0131f fi \u0130lmi\u2019l-kelam eserindeki tan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir: \u201c<em>Kesin deliller ortaya koyarak ve \u015f\u00fcpheleri ortadan kald\u0131rarak dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131 ispat etmeye muktedir k\u0131lan ilimdir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu iki \u00e7e\u015fit tan\u0131m\u0131nda haricinde bir de ekol yani mezhep bazl\u0131 tan\u0131mlardan bahsedilebilir ki <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ibn-haldun\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ibn-haldun\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0130bn-i Haldun<\/a> ve \u0130mam Gazali\u2019nin tan\u0131mlar\u0131 bu meyandad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazali\u2019nin tan\u0131m\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir: \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/ehli-sunnet-mezhebi\/\" title=\"Ehli S\u00fcnnet Mezhebi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet<\/a> inanc\u0131n\u0131 koruyan ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ehl-i-bidat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ehl-i-bidat\">Ehl-i Bidat<\/a>\u2019\u0131n ele\u015ftirileri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda onu savunan bir ilimdir.<\/em>\u201d \u0130bn-i Haldun\u2019un tan\u0131m\u0131 ise \u201c<em>inan\u00e7 esaslar\u0131n\u0131 akli delillerle tart\u0131\u015farak \u00fcst\u00fcn k\u0131lmaya ve akaid alan\u0131nda selef ile Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet yolundan y\u00fcz \u00e7eviren bidat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 reddetmeye dair bilgileri i\u00e7eren ilim<\/em>\u201d \u015feklindedir. G\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere her iki tan\u0131m da Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet ekol\u00fc nazara al\u0131narak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/mezhep-nedir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Mezhep Nedir?\">mezhep <\/a>bazl\u0131 tariflerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Kelam_Ilmine_Neden_Kelam_Denmistir\"><strong style=\"color: revert; font-size: revert;\">Kelam \u0130lmine Neden Kelam Denmi\u015ftir?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Ibnul-Arabi-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1897\" width=\"254\" height=\"216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Ibnul-Arabi-1.jpg 829w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Ibnul-Arabi-1-300x256.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Ibnul-Arabi-1-768x655.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ilme Kelam isminin verilmesi ve yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmas\u0131 hayli ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Yukar\u0131da da g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere zaman i\u00e7erisinde farkl\u0131 adland\u0131rmalar ve tarifler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat nihayetinde Kelam ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015f ve geni\u015f \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r hale gelmi\u015ftir. Kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131zda ise neden Kelam kelimesinin se\u00e7ildi\u011fine dair toplamda yedi neden yer almaktad\u0131r. Bunlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1- \u0130lk olarak Kelamc\u0131lar\u0131n konu\u015fmaya ya da tart\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flarken \u201cel-kelam fi keza\u201d yani \u201c\u015fu konudaki s\u00f6z\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde ba\u015flamalar\u0131 neden g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Ne var ki b\u00fct\u00fcn ilim insanlar\u0131 konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flarken bu kal\u0131b\u0131 kullan\u0131rd\u0131. Sadece kelamc\u0131lara has bir \u00f6zellik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu nedenin do\u011fruluk oran\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2- Allah\u2019\u0131n kelam\u0131n\u0131n yani Kuran\u2019\u0131n mahluk olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, mahiyeti gibi konular s\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ve hassaten bu konuyla kelamc\u0131lar ilgilendi\u011fi i\u00e7in Kelam ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3- Kelam konular\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken ya da tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken mant\u0131ktan ve felsefeden yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131 bunun da insan\u0131n s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleme yani kelam etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rmas\u0131 nedeniyle Kelam ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tercih edildi\u011fi rivayet edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4- Kelam ilminin konu\u015fmaya ve \u00f6zellikle tart\u0131\u015fmaya dayanmas\u0131 nedeniyle Kelam isminin tercih edildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Fakat o d\u00f6nemlerde t\u00fcm ilimler sadece sat\u0131rlarda durmaz, dil yoluyla da aktar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5- D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc maddeye ek olarak, bu ilmin sadece tart\u0131\u015fmaya ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131 de\u011fil, fasit fikir ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fteki kimseleri konu\u015farak ikna etmeye dayanmas\u0131 nedeniyle Kelam ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tercih edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6- \u0130ki s\u00f6zden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan i\u00e7in \u201ci\u015fte kelam budur\u201d denilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Kelam ilmi delillerinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le \u201cbu konudaki kelam budur\u201d der ve do\u011fru olan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc tespit eder. \u0130\u015fte bu sebeple do\u011fru olan kelam\u0131 yani g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 nedeniyle bu ismin verildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7- Kelam hem akli hem nakli delillerden faydalan\u0131r. Bu sebeple ikna ve tesir g\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00fcksektir. \u0130limler aras\u0131nda ki\u015fiyi en fazla etkileme potansiyeline sahip olan ilim oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u201cyaralamak\u201d manas\u0131na gelen \u201ckelm\u201d k\u00f6k\u00fcnden t\u00fcremi\u015f kelam kelimesi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yedi nedenden sadece bir tanesine itibar edilmesi yanl\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Zaman i\u00e7erisinde bu nedenlerin hemen her birinin etkin oldu\u011funu ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla t\u00fcm bu nedenler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Kelam ilmine, kelam ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tercih edildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Kelam_Ilminin_Konusu\"><strong style=\"color: revert; font-size: revert;\">Kelam \u0130lminin Konusu<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-3-min-1024x645.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-980\" width=\"279\" height=\"176\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-3-min-1024x645.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-3-min-300x189.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-3-min-768x484.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-3-min-1536x968.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-3-min-2048x1291.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 279px) 100vw, 279px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Kelam ilminin konusunu ya da konular\u0131 da farkl\u0131 perspektiflerden tasnife tabi tutabiliriz. Bunlardan en yayg\u0131n olan\u0131: <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mesail\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mesail\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mesail<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/el-makasid\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/el-makasid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mekas\u0131d <\/a>ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mebde\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mebde\">mebadi<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/vesail\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/vesail\">vesail <\/a>\u015feklinde olan ayr\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mesail ve mekas\u0131d kelam ilminin problem-sorun ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederken, mebadi ve vesail de ilkelerini, sorun \u00e7\u00f6zmede kullan\u0131lan vas\u0131talar\u0131 ifade eder. Genel olarak Kelam ilminin mesaili sabittir. Bunlar; Allah\u2019\u0131n v\u00fccud ve tevhidi, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/nubuvvet\/\" title=\"N\u00fcb\u00fcvvet\">n\u00fcb\u00fcvvet<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/ahiret\/\" title=\"Ahiret\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ahiret <\/a>gibi konulard\u0131r. Vesail ise bu konular\u0131 temellendirmede kullan\u0131lan ak\u0131l, delil, mant\u0131k gibi arac\u0131 unsurlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tarihsel geli\u015fimine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kelam ilminin ilk etapta konusu, Allah\u2019\u0131n v\u00fccud ve tevhidi ile s\u0131fatlar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Sonralar\u0131 felsefi disiplinlerin kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131 ile konu kapsam\u0131 geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ve mutlak manada varl\u0131k olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Gazali ile beraber mant\u0131k ilminin kelamla birle\u015fmesi neticesinde ise art\u0131k <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kiyas\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kiyas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">k\u0131yas <\/a>ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/delil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/delil\">delil <\/a>t\u00fcrlerinin mahiyeti gibi mevzular kelam\u0131n konusu olurken, \u0130slam inanc\u0131na taalluk eden her \u015fey konu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Di\u011fer taraftan <a href=\"https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/download\/article-file\/184298\" title=\"https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/download\/article-file\/184298\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dakiku\u2019l-Kelam <\/a>ve <a href=\"https:\/\/k.ogren-sen.com\/dogru\/2724\/index.html?page=3\" title=\"https:\/\/k.ogren-sen.com\/dogru\/2724\/index.html?page=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Celil\u00fc\u2019l-Kelam<\/a> \u015feklinde ikili bir ayr\u0131m daha yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Celil\u00fc\u2019l-Kelam, yukar\u0131da ifade edilen mekas\u0131d k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yani <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/uluhiyet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Uluhiyet\">ilahiyat<\/a>, n\u00fcb\u00fcvvet ve ahiret konular\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Dakik\u00fc\u2019l-Kelam ise vesail k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder ki bahsedildi\u011fi \u00fczere bu da temellendirmeye, delillendirmeye yarayan vas\u0131talard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/imamet\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/imamet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0130mamet <\/a>konusu da kelam kitaplar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Fakat Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet ulemas\u0131na g\u00f6re imamet konusu bir inan\u00e7 meselesi de\u011fildir. Bu sebeple inanca taalluk etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in do\u011frudan ve sistematik \u015fekilde ele almam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Sadece <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sia\">\u015eia<\/a>\u2019n\u0131n inan\u00e7 esas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmesine binaen, kitaplar\u0131nda yer vererek ele\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Netice olarak \u0130mamet meselesi ve tali konular\u0131 Kelam ilminin dolayl\u0131 olarak konusu say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Kelam_Ilminin_Gayesi\"><strong style=\"color: revert; font-size: revert;\">Kelam \u0130lminin Gayesi<\/strong> <\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En temelde kelam ilminin amac\u0131 \u0130slam dininin inan\u00e7 esaslar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etme, temellendirme ve fasit inan\u00e7lara kar\u015f\u0131 korumakt\u0131r. Fakat bilinen bu ana gayenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra baz\u0131 tali ama\u00e7lar da belirlenmi\u015ftir. 6 madde olarak bu ama\u00e7lar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Kelam_Ilmi_Ne_Ise_Yarar\"><strong>Kelam \u0130lmi Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Gazali-Kelam-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1922\" width=\"247\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Gazali-Kelam-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Gazali-Kelam-1-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 247px) 100vw, 247px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>1- M\u00fcminleri taklidi imandan kurtar\u0131p, ger\u00e7ek imana ula\u015ft\u0131rmak.<br>2- Hakikat aray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na rehberlik etmek ve hakikat inkarc\u0131lar\u0131na sa\u011flam deliller sunarak onlar\u0131n inad\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rmak.<br>3- \u0130slam dinini <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/batil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/batil\">bat\u0131l <\/a>ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/bidat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/bidat\">bidat<\/a> inan\u00e7lara kar\u015f\u0131 koruyup kollamak.<br>4- Kelam ilmi t\u00fcm \u0130slami ilimlerin (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/hadis-nedir\/\" title=\"Hadis Nedir?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hadis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/tefsir-ilmi\/\" title=\"Tefsir \u0130lmi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tefsir<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih-nedir\/\" title=\"F\u0131k\u0131h Nedir?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">F\u0131k\u0131h<\/a>, Siyer) temelidir. Di\u011fer ilimler, kelam ilmine g\u00f6re hareket eder. Ve kelam ilminin \u00e7izdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar do\u011frultusunda faaliyette bulunurlar.<br>5- \u0130nanc\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek, kelam ilminin bir di\u011fer amac\u0131d\u0131r. Ki\u015finin amelleri, niyetine g\u00f6redir. Niyetin s\u0131hhati ise sa\u011flam bir inanc\u0131n neticesidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kelam, m\u00fcminin inanc\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, b\u00f6ylelikle ki\u015finin niyetine fesat kar\u0131\u015fmaz, amellerini en do\u011fru \u015fekilde <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/eda--fikih\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/eda--fikih\">eda <\/a>eder.<br>6- Ki\u015finin varolu\u015funda elde edece\u011fi en b\u00fcy\u00fck nimet hem d\u00fcnya hem de ahiret saadetidir. \u0130\u015fte kelam ilmi ki\u015fiye hem d\u00fcnyada saadete hem de ahirette felaha ula\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in rehberlik eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Kelam_Ilminin_Dogusu_ve_Gelismesi\"><strong style=\"color: revert; font-size: revert;\">Kelam \u0130lminin Do\u011fu\u015fu ve Geli\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Her ilmin do\u011fu\u015funu gerektiren baz\u0131 sebepler vard\u0131r. \u0130slami ilimlerin tamam\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtiya\u00e7lara binaen ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Efendimizin terki d\u00fcnya edi\u015finden sonra has\u0131l olan baz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n sistematik \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu bo\u015flu\u011fu dolduracak disiplinlerin v\u00fccut bulmas\u0131 gerekti. \u0130\u015fte Kelam da inan\u00e7 noktas\u0131nda zuhur eden problemleri \u00e7\u00f6zmek ad\u0131na do\u011fmu\u015f ve zaman i\u00e7inde geli\u015fmi\u015f ilimlerden biridir. \u015eimdi Kelam\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan nedenlere g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Kelam_Ilminin_Ortaya_Cikisina_Neden_Olan_Sebepler\"><strong>Kelam \u0130lminin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na Neden Olan Sebepler<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130slam dini y\u00fcz y\u0131l kadar k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birine ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yeni din, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve inan\u00e7larla y\u00fczle\u015fmeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan durum ayr\u0131ca farkl\u0131 problemlerin de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7erisinde zuhur eden inan\u00e7 problemleri, fetihler vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan sorunlarla artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu noktada Kelam ilminin olu\u015fumunu tetikleyen nedenleri i\u00e7 sebepler ve d\u0131\u015f sebepler \u015feklinde ay\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130\u00e7 Sebepler<\/strong><br><strong>Siyasi ve Sosyal Sebepler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Efendimizin vefat\u0131n\u0131n hemen akabinde baz\u0131 sorunlar ba\u015f g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlardan ilki <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hilafet\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hilafet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hilafet <\/a>meselesi yani halifenin kim olaca\u011f\u0131 konusu olmu\u015ftu. \u0130lk etapta bu sorun suhuletle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclse de Hz. Osman ve Hz. Ali d\u00f6nemlerine gelindi\u011finde hilafet kaynakl\u0131 yeni sorunlar \u00e7\u0131kacak ve bu siyasi olaylara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kimi itikadi problemler sudur edecekti. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah i\u015fleyenin durumunun ne olaca\u011f\u0131 sorusudur. Ayr\u0131ca m\u00fcmin, fas\u0131k<a name=\"_ftnref68\" href=\"#_ftn68\">[68]<\/a>, kafir, m\u00fcnaf\u0131k gibi kavramlar yeniden tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olacak ve muhtelif g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Kelami anlamda mezheplerin v\u00fccut bulmas\u0131n\u0131 arkas\u0131nda da bu t\u00fcrden siyasi sorunlar yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dini Kaynaklar\u0131n Anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 Sorunu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Efendimiz ya\u015farken, Kur&#8217;an ya da hadislerin ne ifade etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda herhangi bir ihtilaf s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Efendimiz akla tak\u0131lan her \u015feyi cevapl\u0131yor, yorumluyor ve sahabe efendilerimize rehberlik ediyordu. Fakat sonralar\u0131 bu dini kaynaklar\u0131n nas\u0131l anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131nda da ihtilaflar \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6zellikle <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hizip\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hizip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hiziple\u015fme <\/a>sonras\u0131, kimilerinin kendi menfaatleri do\u011frultusunda ayet ve hadisleri e\u011fip b\u00fckmesi ciddi sorunlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Haliyle bu sorunlar\u0131n akl\u0131 selim \u015fekilde giderilmesi, temellendirilmesi ve insanlar\u0131n \u0130slam ruhuna uymayan yorumlardan sak\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Kelam\u0131n v\u00fccut bulmas\u0131nda bu nedenin de hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir etkisi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u0131\u015f Sebepler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u0131\u015f sebeplerin tamam\u0131 \u0130slam dininin farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalara yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 dinler, felsefi ve <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spirit%C3%BCalizm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spirit%C3%BCalizm\">sprit\u00fcal <\/a>ak\u0131mlar, ilkel inan\u00e7lar ve \u00e7e\u015fitli ilmi birikimler M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na yeni yeni sorunlar \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sorunlar haddi zat\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeyi beklerken kimi zaman da \u0130slam inanc\u0131na zarar veren durumlar do\u011furmu\u015flard\u0131r. F\u0131k\u0131h ilmi bu t\u00fcrden sorunlarda ameli tarafla ilgilenirken, Kelam ilmi de itikadi tarafla ilgilenmi\u015ftir. D\u0131\u015fsal sebepler Kelam ilminin do\u011fumunda etkili oldu\u011fu kadar geli\u015fiminde de olduk\u00e7a etkili bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc farkl\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n kendi cephelerinden gelen ele\u015ftiriler sistematik anlamda kelamc\u0131lar\u0131n mant\u0131ksal d\u00fczlemde herkesin kabul edebilece\u011fi deliller \u00fcretmelerine sebebiyet vermi\u015ftir. Bu da genel olarak Kelam ilminin hem i\u00e7eriden hem de d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam ad\u0131 verilen g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kelam\u0131n noktaya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu durum daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Yeni_Ilmi_Kelam\"><strong style=\"color: revert; font-size: revert;\">Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Kelam-Ilmi-Nedir-1024x715.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-828\" width=\"292\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Kelam-Ilmi-Nedir-1024x715.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Kelam-Ilmi-Nedir-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Kelam-Ilmi-Nedir-768x536.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Kelam-Ilmi-Nedir-1536x1072.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Kelam-Ilmi-Nedir-2048x1430.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Miladi olarak 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonras\u0131 \u0130slami ilimlerin genelinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen durgunluk ve fetret d\u00f6nemi <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanayi_Devrimi\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanayi_Devrimi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sanayi Devrimi<\/a> sonras\u0131 tekrar g\u00fcndem olmu\u015ftur. \u0130lim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan izale edilmek istenen bu durgunluk, t\u00fcm ilimleri kapsayacak bir reformasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile giderilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. F\u0131k\u0131h, Hadis ve Tefsir sahalar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi Kelam sahas\u0131nda da yenilikler g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kelam ilminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen yeniliklerle beraber bu duruma Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Fakat bu adland\u0131rma zaman i\u00e7erisinde ilmin kendisinden \u00e7ok ilim i\u00e7indeki bir ak\u0131m\u0131 bir y\u00f6nelimi ifade etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belli ba\u015fl\u0131 alimler taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilen ve geli\u015ftirilen bu ak\u0131m\u0131n esas amac\u0131 Kelam ilmini ge\u00e7mi\u015fte oldu\u011fu gibi yeniden g\u00fcncellemek ve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gereklerine uygun hale getirmektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam alan\u0131nda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ve yeniliklere \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden isimler \u015funlar olmu\u015ftur;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/izmirli-ismail-hakki\/\" title=\"\u0130zmirli \u0130smail Hakk\u0131\"> \u0130zmirli \u0130smail Hakk\u0131<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/muhammed-abduh\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/muhammed-abduh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Muhammed Abduh<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/abdullatif-harputi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Abd\u00fcllatif Harputi\">Abd\u00fcllatif Harputi<\/a>, Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi, H\u00fcseyin el-Cisr ve \u015eibli Numani. Ak\u0131m\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi ve kabul edilmesi ad\u0131na da ayn\u0131 isimler taraf\u0131ndan hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir literat\u00fcr olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Bunlar; Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam, Risalet\u00fc\u2019t-Tevhid, el-Kelam, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLNbpRT8SFQRrTBp_OCv02NAJmfLe7VemH\" title=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLNbpRT8SFQRrTBp_OCv02NAJmfLe7VemH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tenkihu\u2019l-Kelam<\/a>, \u00dcss-i \u0130slam: Hakaik-i \u0130slamiyye\u2019ye M\u00fcstenid Yeni \u0130lm-i Akaid, el-Hus\u00fbnu\u2019l-Hamidiyye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 konumlar\u0131nda, bireysel olarak b\u00f6yle bir hareket y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclse de, bu hareketin en etkili oldu\u011fu yer Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131\u2019da ve Cumhuriyetin ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde ra\u011fbet g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, medrese m\u00fcfredatlar\u0131nda okutulmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Ismail_Hakki_Izmirli.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1231\" width=\"196\" height=\"183\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Ismail_Hakki_Izmirli.jpg 386w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Ismail_Hakki_Izmirli-300x280.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 196px) 100vw, 196px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Hareketin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden \u0130zmirli \u0130smail Hakk\u0131, Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam isimlinin eserinin giri\u015finde bu yeni e\u011filimin ne oldu\u011funu geni\u015f\u00e7e izah etmektedir. Ona g\u00f6re Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fahruddin-razi\/\" title=\"Fahreddin Razi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fahreddin er-Razi<\/a> d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/reform\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reformasyona<\/a> benzemektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Razi g\u00fcncel felsefe ve mant\u0131k birikimini kullanarak Kelam ilmini yenilemi\u015f, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n insan\u0131n\u0131n anlayaca\u011f\u0131 seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130zmirli, mevcut Kelam\u0131n gen\u00e7lere hitap etmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek, g\u00fcncel birikimle tekrar de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fine kanaat getirmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam\u2019da t\u0131pk\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/kis-aylarinda-istanbulda-yapilabilecek-4-aktivite\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"\u0130mam Gazali\">Gazali<\/a>\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi mant\u0131k ilmini esas kabul etmi\u015ftir. Geleneksel Kelam sistemine uyarken, konular\u0131 yine Kelami birikimi ele alarak i\u015flemi\u015f, bununla beraber me\u015fhur filozoflar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden de faydalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserinde kendi fikirlerini de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan kitap, tamamlanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam en temel anlamda, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gereklerine g\u00f6re Kelam ilmini yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeyi, b\u00f6ylelikle de insanlar\u0131n akl\u0131na ve vicdan\u0131na daha iyi hitap eden, \u0130slami esaslar\u0131 daha iyi koruyabilen bir konuma y\u00fckseltmeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarihteki her olu\u015fum ve hareket bir gereksinimin neticesidir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ateizm\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ateizm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ateizm<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/deizm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/deizm\">Deizm <\/a>ve envai \u00e7e\u015fit fasit fikirlerle \u00e7alkaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam hareketinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kavramak daha kolay olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/mezhep-nedir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Mezhep Nedir?\">&#8220;Mezhep Nedir?&#8221;<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Kaynaklar\"><strong style=\"color: revert; font-size: revert;\">Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Kelam \u0130lminin Tan\u0131m\u0131 \u00dczerine, Emine Yar\u0131mba\u015f, Kelam Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi, 2\/1, 2004.<\/em><br><em>Kelam \u0130lminin Do\u011fu\u015fu, Geli\u015fimi ve \u0130slam Bilimleri \u0130\u00e7indeki Yeri, Ankara Edu, A\u00e7\u0131k Ders Akademik Notlar\u0131.<\/em><br><em>Klasik Kelami Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015fu ve Geli\u015fimine Etki Eden Fakt\u00f6rler, Fethi Kerim Kazanc, Kelam Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi, 2\/4, 2011.<\/em><br><em>Kelam \u0130lmi, Bekir Topalo\u011flu, Damla Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 2004.<\/em><br><em>Kelam \u0130lmine Giri\u015f, Cemalettin Erdemci, Ensar Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 (Dem Serisi), \u0130stanbul, 2012.<\/em><br><em>hazardernegi.org, Kelam \u0130lminin Tarihi Makalesi.<\/em><br><em>TDV \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, Kelam Maddesi.<\/em><br><em>Dakik\u00fc\u2019l-Kelam\u2019\u0131n Bilimsel De\u011feri, M. B. Altaie, \u00e7ev: L\u00fctf\u00fc Cengiz, The Journal of \u0130slamic Thought and Scientific Creativity, 5\/2, 1994.<\/em><br><em>Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u0130zmirli, Ankara Okulu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2013.<\/em><br><em>\u015eibli Numani\u2019nin Kelam Tarihine Bak\u0131\u015f\u0131, Z\u00fcleyha Birinci, Akademik-Us, 4\/2, 2020.<\/em><br><em>Son D\u00f6nem Temsilcileri Ba\u011flam\u0131nda Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam Hareketi, Mehmet Salih Ge\u00e7it, Uluslararas\u0131 Sosyal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Dergisi, 9\/46, 2016.<\/em><br><em>Tanzimat\u2019tan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Kelam\u0131 Yenileme \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Rabiye \u00c7etin, Dini Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Dergisi, 16\/42, 2013.<\/em><br><em>Ana Hatlar\u0131yla \u0130slam Mezhepleri Tarihi, Mustafa \u00d6z, Ensar Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2014.<\/em><br><em>Ana Konular\u0131yla Kelam, Ebu\u2019l-Vefa Taftazani, Kitap D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Konya, 2000.<\/em><br><em>G\u00fcncel Kelam Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, ed. Mehmet B\u00fclgen-Enis Doko, \u0130FAV Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2017.<\/em><br><em>TDV \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, Yeni \u0130lmi Kelam Maddesi.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kelam \u0130lmi Nedir?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":828,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[434,436,437,438,435],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=153"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2521,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153\/revisions\/2521"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/828"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}