{"id":187,"date":"2021-05-03T18:38:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-03T15:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/safirblog\/2018\/05\/03\/cinayet-ani-saniye-saniye-kaydedildi\/"},"modified":"2021-12-06T20:08:49","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T17:08:49","slug":"fikih-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u0131k\u0131h Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-container-5 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-container-3 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Fikih_Nedir\">F\u0131k\u0131h Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Islam_Hukuku_Nedir\">\u0130slam Hukuku Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Fikihci_ya_da_Fakih_Kimdir\">F\u0131k\u0131h\u00e7\u0131 ya da Fakih Kimdir?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Fikhin_Konulari\">F\u0131kh\u0131n Konular\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Fikhin_Kaynaklari\">F\u0131kh\u0131n Kaynaklar\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Seri_Deliller\">\u015eer\u2019i Deliller<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Feri_Deliller\">Fer\u2019i Deliller<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Fikih_Ilminin_Dogusu_ve_Gelismesi\">F\u0131k\u0131h \u0130lminin Do\u011fu\u015fu ve Geli\u015fmesi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Efendimiz_Doneminde_Fikih\">Efendimiz D\u00f6neminde F\u0131k\u0131h<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Mekke_Donemi\">Mekke D\u00f6nemi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nbspMedine_Donemi\">&nbsp;Medine D\u00f6nemi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Sahabe_ve_Tabiin_Donemi\">Sahabe ve Tabiin D\u00f6nemi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Kufe_Ekolu\">Kufe Ekol\u00fc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Hicaz_Ekolu\">Hicaz Ekol\u00fc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Mezheplerin_Ortaya_Cikisi\">Mezheplerin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Fikhin_Istikrar_Donemi_ve_Ictihat\">F\u0131kh\u0131n \u0130stikrar D\u00f6nemi ve \u0130\u00e7tihat<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Mecelle_ve_Fikhin_Kanunlastirilma_Sureci\">Mecelle ve F\u0131kh\u0131n Kanunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma S\u00fcreci<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Fikih_Nedir\"><strong>F\u0131k\u0131h Nedir?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/fikih\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">F\u0131k\u0131h<\/a> kelimesi <a href=\"http:\/\/lugatim.com\/s\/f%C4%B1k%C4%B1h\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">s\u00f6zl\u00fcklerde,<\/a> <em>\u201cbir \u015feyi iyice ak\u0131l etmek, derinlemesine kavramak\u201d<\/em> \u015feklinde tarif edilir. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kuran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kur&#8217;an-\u0131 Kerim<\/a>\u2019de bu s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131yla tam <a href=\"https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/download\/article-file\/153828\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 yerde<\/a> kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Di\u011fer taraftan <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hadis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hadis<\/a>lerde de s\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7mekle beraber, pek \u00e7ok noktada Efendimiz taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6zl\u00fck manas\u0131n\u0131n tercih edildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Islam_Hukuku_Nedir\"><strong>\u0130slam Hukuku Nedir?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/islam-hukuku\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130slam Hukuku,<\/a> f\u0131k\u0131h ilmine g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a yeni bir tabirdir. \u0130nsan-Allah, insan-insan, insan-toplum, toplum-toplum aras\u0131 ili\u015fkileri tanzim eden, dini ve uhrevi boyutu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduran kurallar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc gibi bir tan\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131r. Fakat bu tan\u0131m f\u0131k\u0131h ilmini do\u011frudan <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hukuk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hukuk<\/a> sahas\u0131na indirgedi\u011fi i\u00e7in f\u0131k\u0131h e\u015fittir \u0130slam hukuku \u015feklinde bir anlay\u0131\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her ne kadar \u0130slam hukukunun, f\u0131k\u0131h terimini tam olarak kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden f\u0131k\u0131h\u00e7\u0131lar olsa da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde halen bu mesele tart\u0131\u015fma konusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Fikihci_ya_da_Fakih_Kimdir\"><strong>F\u0131k\u0131h\u00e7\u0131 ya da Fakih Kimdir?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.islamveihsan.com\/gercek-fakih-fikihci-kimdir.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">F\u0131k\u0131h\u00e7\u0131<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/fakih\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fakih<\/a> kelimeleri aras\u0131nda herhangi anlam farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. F\u0131k\u0131h\u00e7\u0131, Arap\u00e7a olan f\u0131k\u0131h kelimesinin sonuna T\u00fcrk\u00e7e <a href=\"http:\/\/turkdili.gen.tr\/yap-m-ekleri.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yap\u0131m eki<\/a> eklenerek olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir kelimedir. Fakih ise f\u0131k\u0131h kelimesiyle ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten gelen, ismi fail kal\u0131b\u0131ndaki Arap\u00e7a bir kelimedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fakih kelimesinin s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131 <em>\u201cbir \u015feyi bilen, iyi anlayan kimse\u201d<\/em> demektir. Bu mana f\u0131k\u0131h kelimesinin s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131yla paralellik arz etmektedir. Terim olarak fakih, Ebu Hanife\u2019nin f\u0131k\u0131h tan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, <em>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/din\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dinde<\/a> derin anlay\u0131\u015f ve bilgi sahibi kimse\u201d<\/em> \u015feklinde tarif edilmi\u015ftir. Sonralar\u0131 ise <em>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/delil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">delillerinden<\/a> hareketle herhangi bir konuyla ilgili dini h\u00fckm\u00fc ortaya koyabilme yetene\u011fine sahip olan kimse\u201d<\/em> olarak tan\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7er\u00e7evesi \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu manaya g\u00f6re fakih ile <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/muctehid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m\u00fc\u00e7tehidin<\/a> e\u015f anlaml\u0131 birer kelime olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Fakat fakihten farkl\u0131 olarak m\u00fc\u00e7tehit kelimesi <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tabakat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tabakat<\/a> kitaplar\u0131nda baz\u0131 kategorilere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ictihad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130\u00e7tihat<\/a> durumuna g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan bu ayr\u0131m Hanefilerde <a href=\"https:\/\/hadislerlehanefifikhi.com\/kitabin-onsozu\/muctehidlerin-dereceleri\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yedi k\u0131s\u0131mken,<\/a> di\u011fer mezheplerde <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/fakih\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">be\u015f k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r.<\/a> Bkz: <strong><a title=\"Tabakatu\u2019l Fukaha\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih\/tabakatul-fukaha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tabakatu&#8217;l Fukaha<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-1-12-1024x415.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-1-12-1024x415.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-1-12-300x122.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-1-12-768x311.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-1-12-1536x622.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-1-12-2048x829.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Fikhin_Konulari\"><strong>F\u0131kh\u0131n Konular\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/islam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130slam,<\/a> hayat\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kapsayan <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lugatim.com\/s\/doktrin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doktrin<\/a> ve kurallara sahiptir. Ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda neler yapabilece\u011fine dair kaideler sunarken, ilahi bir rehberlikte bulunarak onun <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/dalalet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dalalete<\/a> d\u00fc\u015fmesini engeller. B\u00f6ylelikle her insan\u0131n, nihai gayesi olan saadeti hem d\u00fcnyada hem de ahirette tesis etmeyi ama\u00e7lar. \u0130\u015fte f\u0131kha bu a\u00e7\u0131dan yakla\u015facak olursak, ki\u015finin fiil ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgiler sunan, eylemlerinin dindeki yerini tespit etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir ilim dal\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. K\u0131saca ifade edecek olursak; f\u0131k\u0131h, ki\u015finin iradesiyle yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu eylemleri olu\u015fturur. Ayr\u0131ca insan\u0131n fiillerine ili\u015fkin olan do\u011fa hadiselerini de ele al\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/namaz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Namaz<\/a> i\u00e7in vakit tespiti, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/zekat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zek\u00e2t<\/a> i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nisab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nisap<\/a> miktar\u0131 tanzimi, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/miras\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">miras<\/a> i\u00e7in gerekli ko\u015fullar\u0131n tetkiki gibi noktalarla da ilgilenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130b\u00e2d\u00e2t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130nsan\u0131n filleri de elbette kendi i\u00e7erisinde baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fer insan filleri, Allah ile ili\u015fkili ise yani insan-Allah aras\u0131nda ise f\u0131k\u0131hta bu t\u00fcrden konular <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ibadet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cib\u00e2d\u00e2t\u201d<\/a> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda incelenir. \u0130b\u00e2d\u00e2t, ibadet kelimesinin \u00e7o\u011fuludur. Ve ibadet ile ilgili t\u00fcm meseleleri ele al\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin: yap\u0131lacak ibadet i\u00e7in temizlik \u015fartlar\u0131 (<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/abdest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">abdest<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/gusul\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gus\u00fcl<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/teyemmum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">teyemm\u00fcm<\/a>), \u00e7e\u015fitli ibadetlerin sahih eda edilme ko\u015fullar\u0131, evlilik (<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/talak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">talak<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tefrik--bosanma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tefrik<\/a>) gibi konular bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mu\u00e2melat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a style=\"font-size: revert;\" href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/muamelat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Muamelat<\/a><span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\"> bahisleri ise daha \u00e7ok g\u00fcndelik hayattaki ili\u015fkilerimizi inceler. \u0130nsan-insan aras\u0131ndaki hukuku tanzim ve tesis eder. <\/span><a style=\"font-size: revert;\" href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/bey--fikih\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015f<\/a><span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">, <\/span><a style=\"font-size: revert;\" href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kira\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kira<\/a><span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">, <\/span><a style=\"font-size: revert;\" href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/rehin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rehin<\/a><span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\"> gibi konularda bilgiler sunar, fetvalar verir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Uk\u00fbb\u00e2t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ukubat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ukubat<\/a> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ise k\u0131saca <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ceza\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ceza<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/suc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">su\u00e7<\/a> bahisleri olarak tarif edebiliriz. Ba\u015fka bireylerin can\u0131na ve mal\u0131na verilen zararlar\u0131n <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tazmin--dil-edebiyat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tazmini<\/a> bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n bireysel <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ceza_hukuku\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ceza hukuku<\/a> noktas\u0131nda verilen h\u00fck\u00fcm ve kararlar\u0131n, ukubat bahisleri ile tanzim edildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu temel b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin haricinde, ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n durumunu belirleyen kaideler, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/vasiyet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vasiyet<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/miras\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">miras<\/a> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda irdelenir.&nbsp; F\u0131kh\u0131n zaman i\u00e7erisinde geli\u015fmesiyle, <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kamu_hukuku\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kamu hukuku<\/a> (ahkam-\u0131 sultaniye), <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mali_hukuk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maliye hukuku<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/emval\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emval<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uluslararas%C4%B1_%C3%B6zel_hukuk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">devletler aras\u0131 hukuk<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/siyer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">siyer<\/a>) gibi konular da ayr\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f yazarlara g\u00f6re f\u0131kh\u0131n konular\u0131 itibari ile yap\u0131lan tasnifi \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><em>\u0130badetler<br>Ahval-i \u015eahsiyye<br>Muamelat<br>Ukubat<br>Ahkam-\u0131 Sultaniye<br>Siyer (Uluslararas\u0131 Hukuk)<br>Adab<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Fikhin_Kaynaklari\"><strong>F\u0131kh\u0131n Kaynaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tefsir-ve-Meal-Arasindaki-Farklar-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1350\" width=\"257\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tefsir-ve-Meal-Arasindaki-Farklar-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tefsir-ve-Meal-Arasindaki-Farklar-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tefsir-ve-Meal-Arasindaki-Farklar-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tefsir-ve-Meal-Arasindaki-Farklar-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Tefsir-ve-Meal-Arasindaki-Farklar-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u0131k\u0131h bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ilahi bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle be\u015fer\u00ee bir ilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lahi olmas\u0131 esas kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde vahyin bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Be\u015fer\u00ee olmas\u0131 ise ulema eliyle vahyin, toplumun ve zaman\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re yorumlanmas\u0131ndand\u0131r. Fakat bu be\u015feriyet \u00f6zelli\u011fini iyi kavramak gerekmektedir. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131ndan hareketle kural ve kaideler <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/istinbat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">istinbat<\/a> etmek, elbette herkesin i\u015fi de\u011fildir. Ehil ulema taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r. Uleman\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler, her ne kadar \u0130slam ad\u0131na olsa da bu durum o kimselerin ilahi bir h\u00fcviyet arz ettikleri anlam\u0131na gelmez. Zaten ulema s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/huccet--mahkeme\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">h\u00fcccet<\/a> kabul eden olu\u015fumlar, \u0130slam cemaatinden uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, zaman i\u00e7erisinde yanl\u0131\u015f bir yolda olduklar\u0131 tescillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u0131k\u0131h ilminin kaynaklar\u0131 genel olarak iki ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda incelenir. Bunlar \u015fer\u2019i ve fer\u2019i delillerdir. (Bkz: <strong><a title=\"Delil Nedir?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih\/delil-nedir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Delil Nedir?<\/a><\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u015eer\u2019i Deliller (Edille-i \u015eeriyye, Edille-i Feriyye) \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Kur&#8217;an<br>S\u00fcnnet<br>\u0130cma<br>K\u0131yas<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Fer\u2019i Deliller ise \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u0130stihsan<br>\u0130stishab<br>Mesalih-i M\u00fcrsele<br>\u00d6rf, Adet ve Team\u00fcl<br>Sahabe Kavli<br>Sedd-i Zerai<br>\u015eer-u Men Kablena<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Seri_Deliller\"><strong>\u015eer\u2019i Deliller<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u0131k\u0131hta \u015eer\u2019i Deliller h\u00fckm\u00fcn istibat edilece\u011fi deliller yani kaynaklard\u0131r. Fer\u2019i Deliller ise h\u00fckm\u00fcn \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilece\u011fi, destekleyici delillerdir. Kimi mezhep ve ulemaya g\u00f6re \u0130cma ve K\u0131yas \u015eer\u2019i Delil h\u00fcviyetine sahip de\u011fildir. Kimi \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f f\u0131k\u0131h\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n nazar\u0131nda ise k\u0131yas bir delil de\u011fil, y\u00f6ntemdir. Biz yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Hanefi f\u0131k\u0131h\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tasnifinden g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden faydalanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>-Kur&#8217;an<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-99-min-edited-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2445\" width=\"231\" height=\"231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-99-min-edited-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-99-min-edited-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-99-min-edited-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-99-min-edited-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-99-min-edited-768x767.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-99-min-edited-1536x1534.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-99-min-edited-2048x2046.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 231px) 100vw, 231px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Kur&#8217;an yani vahiy, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n rehber kitab\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7erisindeki bilgiler, insan\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu, kendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmesi, d\u00fcnya hayat\u0131n\u0131 en iyi \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirebilmesi ve ya\u015fam\u0131na anlam katabilmesi ad\u0131na vard\u0131r. \u0130nsan vahiy ile hayata tutunur, arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 manay\u0131 bulur ve hem d\u00fcnya hem de ahiret saadetine kavu\u015fur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ki\u015finin ve toplumun \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ayd\u0131nlatacak ilk rehber; Kur&#8217;an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019dir. Bu sebeple Kur&#8217;an, f\u0131k\u0131h ilminin ilk kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etmektedir. Fakat Kur&#8217;an salt bir hukuk kitab\u0131 gibi alg\u0131lanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Hukuki \u00f6\u011fretilerin de dahil oldu\u011fu soyut, evrensel de\u011ferlerin meknuz bulundu\u011fu bir k\u00e2inat kitab\u0131d\u0131r. F\u0131k\u0131h ilminin ise Kur&#8217;an\u2019dan beslendi\u011fi en temel nokta hukuktur. Kur&#8217;an-\u0131 Kerim \u00f6ncelikle temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin korunmas\u0131na dair kaideler sunar. Bunlar (<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/makasidus-seria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Makas\u0131d-\u0131 \u015eeria<\/a>) uleman\u0131n sistemle\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u015fekilde <a href=\"https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/pub\/tiad\/issue\/43978\/539625\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u015f\u00f6yledir<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-text-align-center\"><p><em><strong>Can\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 &#8211; Akl\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 &#8211; Dinin Korunmas\u0131 &#8211; Neslin Korunmas\u0131 &#8211; Mal\u0131n Korunmas\u0131<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunlarla beraber hukukta adalet, e\u015fitlik, somutluk, vazife bilinci, evrensellik gibi noktalarda da ilahi d\u00fczeni in\u015fa edecek \u00f6nemli kavram ve doktrinleri de insanl\u0131\u011fa \u00f6\u011fretir. B\u00f6ylelikle Kur&#8217;an her ne kadar bir dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7erisinde olsa da t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya hitap eden s\u00f6ylemler ve cevaplar i\u00e7erir. F\u0131k\u0131h ilmi de bu t\u00fckenmez bilgi hazinesini kullanarak, zaman ve mek\u00e2n ikileminde hayata uyarlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>-S\u00fcnnet<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Ehli-Sunnet-Mezhebi-1024x964.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1217\" width=\"275\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Ehli-Sunnet-Mezhebi-1024x964.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Ehli-Sunnet-Mezhebi-300x282.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Ehli-Sunnet-Mezhebi-768x723.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Ehli-Sunnet-Mezhebi.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Efendimizin Allah\u2019tan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve do\u011frudan yani lafz\u0131na hi\u00e7bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flamadan insanlara ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mesaj vahiydir. Yukar\u0131da da bahsedildi\u011fi \u015fekilde vahyin temel esas\u0131 Kur&#8217;an te\u015fkil eder. Fakat bir vahiy t\u00fcr\u00fc daha vard\u0131r ki buna da <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sunnet--peygamber\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S\u00fcnnet <\/a>denir. \u0130mam \u015eafii\u2019nin <em>\u201cpeygamberi bir <a href=\"https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/download\/article-file\/587568\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bilin\u00e7<\/a>\u201d<\/em> olarak tarif etti\u011fi ve ad\u0131n\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/risalet--fikih\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">risalet<\/a> koydu\u011fu bu durum; peygambere ilahi bir pencerenin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve oradan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgileri halka ula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Daha teorik anlamda bu; Efendimizin ilahi bir y\u00f6nlendirmeyle edindi\u011fi s\u00f6z, fiil ve takrirleridir. Literat\u00fcrde birinci t\u00fcrdeki vahye, <a href=\"https:\/\/yenisehir.fandom.com\/tr\/wiki\/VAHY-%C4%B0_METL%C3%9CV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vahy-i Metl\u00fcv<\/a>, ikinici t\u00fcrdeki vahye ise <a href=\"https:\/\/sorularlaislamiyet.com\/vahy-i-gayr-i-metluv-nedir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vahy-i Gayr-i Metl\u00fcv<\/a> denir. S\u00fcnnet de t\u0131pk\u0131 Kur&#8217;an gibi f\u0131kh\u0131n esas kaynaklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve h\u00fck\u00fcm istinbat\u0131 noktas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sabit--hadis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S\u00fcbut,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/delalet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">delalet,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/adl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">adalet,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/zabt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zabt<\/a> y\u00f6nlerinden farkl\u0131 kategorilerde bulunan hadisler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla farkl\u0131 muamelelere tabi tutulmu\u015flard\u0131r. F\u0131khi h\u00fck\u00fcm noktas\u0131nda <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mutevatir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m\u00fctevatir<\/a> hadisler tek ba\u015flar\u0131na yeterli olmu\u015flarsa da genel olarak S\u00fcnnet, Kur&#8217;an\u2019dan h\u00fck\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131karma ameliyesinde aktif \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumlar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde maddele\u015ftirebiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>a- Teyit Edicilik:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kur&#8217;an\u2019da yer alan herhangi bir durumu, S\u00fcnnetin de ele almas\u0131 ve teyit etmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>b- A\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kur&#8217;an\u2019da <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mucmel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m\u00fccmel<\/a> yani kapal\u0131 halde bulunan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131. Kur&#8217;an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de baz\u0131 durumlar sadece genel detaylar\u0131yla yer al\u0131r. S\u00fcnnet bunlar\u0131 ele alarak a\u00e7\u0131klar. Namaz, bunun en g\u00fczel \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>c- Kay\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kur&#8217;an\u2019da baz\u0131 konular <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mutlak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mutlak<\/a> olarak anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla S\u00fcnnet, Kur&#8217;an\u2019daki bu mutlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131tlar, s\u0131n\u0131rlar ve kimi noktalarda istisnalar getirerek, h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin kapsam alan\u0131n\u0131 daralt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>d- H\u00fck\u00fcm Koyuculuk<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00fcnnet, Kur&#8217;an\u2019\u0131n ele almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 n\u00fcans noktalarda h\u00fck\u00fcm verici bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir. Fakat S\u00fcnnetin getirdi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin kapsam alan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok geni\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerek. Bu nokta i\u00e7in y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ku\u015flar\u0131n yenmesinin haram olmas\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fini verebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>S\u00fcnnet konusunun detaylar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fu yaz\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz: <a title=\"S\u00fcnnet Nedir?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih\/sunnet-nedir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S\u00fcnnet Nedir?<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>-\u0130cma<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/fikih-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2446\" width=\"336\" height=\"156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/fikih-1.jpg 579w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/fikih-1-300x140.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/icma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130cma,<\/a> genel anlamda Efendimizden sonraki as\u0131rlarda ya\u015fayan uleman\u0131n yani m\u00fc\u00e7tehitlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi etmesidir. Burada \u00f6nemli olan ilk nokta icman\u0131n, m\u00fc\u00e7tehitler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yani halk\u0131n bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00fczerine birlik etmesinin herhangi bir h\u00fckmi de\u011feri yoktur. Di\u011fer taraftan icma i\u00e7in de belli \u015fartlar\u0131n has\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu \u015fartlardan ilki icma konusunun dini bir h\u00fck\u00fcm olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca zaman i\u00e7erisinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ve mutlaka Kur&#8217;an ve S\u00fcnnetten bir dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130cma iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>a- Sarih \u0130cma:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcm \u0130slam ulemas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde dile getirdi\u011fi ve hemfikir olduklar\u0131 icma t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Fakat bu olduk\u00e7a zor olmakla beraber \u00f6rne\u011fi azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>b- Sukuti \u0130cma:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sukuti icma ise ortak herhangi bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7in di\u011fer din alimlerinin kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmamalar\u0131 ve bu yolla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kabul ettiklerinin varsay\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat bu icma t\u00fcr\u00fc kimi ulema taraf\u0131ndan muteber say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hem icman\u0131n y\u00f6ntemi <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/fesad--fikih\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fasit<\/a> h\u00fck\u00fcm vermeye a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r hem de sukut her zaman ikrar de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130cman\u0131n esas amac\u0131, naslar\u0131n do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Bu sayede ucu a\u00e7\u0131k yorumlara kar\u015f\u0131 tedbir almak, bat\u0131l f\u0131rkalara kar\u015f\u0131 dini korumak b\u00f6ylece \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 en sahih \u015fekilde gelecek nesillere aktarmakt\u0131r. \u0130fade edilen amaca binaen de icma, f\u0131k\u0131h ilminin temel kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Kiyas-Nedir-1024x631.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-805\" width=\"274\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Kiyas-Nedir-1024x631.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Kiyas-Nedir-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Kiyas-Nedir-768x474.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Kiyas-Nedir-1536x947.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Kiyas-Nedir-2048x1263.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>-K\u0131yas<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kiyas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">K\u0131yas,<\/a> mevcut h\u00fck\u00fcmdeki<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/illet--fikih\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> illeti<\/a> yani o h\u00fckm\u00fc do\u011fran nedeni g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak yeni bir h\u00fck\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131karma yoludur. Kur&#8217;an\u2019da \u062e\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064c (<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hamr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hamr<\/a>) olarak ge\u00e7en ve haram oldu\u011fu ifade edilen, sarho\u015f edici s\u0131v\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak di\u011fer i\u00e7kilerin tespiti k\u0131yas\u0131n en g\u00fczel \u00f6rne\u011fidir. K\u0131yas en temelde <a href=\"https:\/\/sorularlaislamiyet.com\/kaynak\/kiyas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">iki k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>a- K\u0131yas-\u0131 M\u00fcs\u00e2vi:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu k\u0131yas t\u00fcr\u00fc teknik olarak illetin <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/asil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as\u0131lda<\/a> (nas) ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/fer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ferde<\/a> (k\u0131yas yap\u0131lacak olan) e\u015fit \u015fekilde bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yukar\u0131 verilen i\u00e7ki \u00f6rne\u011fi bir k\u0131yas-\u0131 m\u00fcsavidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>b- K\u0131yas-\u0131 Evl\u00e2:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131yas-\u0131 evl\u00e2 ise ferdeki \u00f6zelli\u011fin, as\u0131ldakinden daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131 durumudur. Mesela Kur&#8217;an\u2019da anne babaya d\u00f6vmeyin \u015feklinde bir uyar\u0131 yoktur. Ama \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/kuran.diyanet.gov.tr\/tefsir\/%C4%B0sr%C3%A2-suresi\/2052\/23-24-ayet-tefsiri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00f6f bile demeyin<\/a>\u201d \u015feklinde bir uyar\u0131 vard\u0131r. K\u0131yas-\u0131 evl\u00e2 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla anne babaya \u00f6f demek haramsa, d\u00f6vmek zaten haramd\u0131r neticesine ula\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>K\u0131yas konusunun detaylar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fu yaz\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz:<a title=\"K\u0131yas Nedir?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih\/kiyas-nedir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> K\u0131yas Nedir?<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Feri_Deliller\"><strong>Fer\u2019i Deliller<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Fer\u2019i Deliller, h\u00fck\u00fcmleri destekleyici bir mahiyet arz ederler. \u015eer\u2019i Delillerin h\u00fck\u00fcm istinbat\u0131nda yetersiz kalmalar\u0131 durumunda kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Mezheplere g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k arz etse de temelde 7 adettir bu deliller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>-\u0130stihsan<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/istihsan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130stihsan,<\/a> k\u0131yasta istisnaya gitmeyi, k\u0131yas\u0131 yumu\u015fatmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir delil t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Daha teknik anlamda bir konu hakk\u0131nda akla ilk gelen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmden vazge\u00e7ip, daha uygun bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc kabul etmektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: para pe\u015fin, mal veresiye usul\u00fc fasit bir akittir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen mal sat\u0131lamaz. Burada istihsan devreye girerek, g\u00f6r\u00fclmeden sat\u0131lamayacak mallar\u0131n cinslerini belirler ve bu kural\u0131n kimi noktalarda ge\u00e7erli olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ortaya <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/selem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Selem<\/a> akdi \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>\u0130stihsan konusunun detaylar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fu yaz\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz: <a title=\"\u0130stihsan Nedir?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih\/istihsan-nedir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130stihsan Nedir?<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>-\u0130stishab<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir \u015feyin aksi ispat edilmedi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e, oldu\u011fu hal \u00fczere kalmas\u0131d\u0131r <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/istishab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130stishab.<\/a> Yani daha genel anlamda mevcut haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir kimseden haber al\u0131namad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e o kimsenin kar\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve mallar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131 devam edemez. Kar\u0131s\u0131 bo\u015fanamaz ve miras b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>-Mesalih-i M\u00fcrsele<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maslahat, yarar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6zetilmesidir. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mesalih-i-mursele\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mesalih-i M\u00fcrsele<\/a> ise bir meselenin kitap, s\u00fcnnet ve icma ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclememesi durumunda, yarar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve zarar\u0131n defedilmesi demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Maslahat konusunun detaylar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fu yaz\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz: <a title=\"Ist\u0131slah Nedir?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih\/istislah-nedir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ist\u0131slah Nedir?<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>-\u00d6rf ve Adet<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toplumun yap\u0131lmas\u0131 iyi ve g\u00fczel kabul etti\u011fi \u015feylere \u00f6rf denir. Zaman i\u00e7erisinde s\u00fcrekli yap\u0131lan ve yerle\u015fik bir hal alan al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klara da adet denir. Fakat <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/orf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00f6rf<\/a> <\/strong>ve<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/adet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00e2det<\/a><\/strong> haline gelen her \u015fey iyi olmayabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130slam toplumlar\u0131n ak\u0131l ve din y\u00f6n\u00fcnden iyi olabilecek al\u0131\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rf-adet olarak kabul eder. H\u00fckm\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktalarda da bunlara g\u00f6re karar verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>\u00d6rf ve \u00e2det konusunun detaylar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fu yaz\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz: <a title=\"\u00d6rf ve \u00c2det Nedir?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih\/orf-ve-adet-nedir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00d6rf ve \u00c2det Nedir?<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>-Sahabe Kavli<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yine h\u00fckm\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktalarda ve ak\u0131lla bilinemeyecek meselelerde, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 en iyi anlayan kimseler olarak sahabe efendilerimizin s\u00f6zleri tercih edilmektedir. Rey ve i\u00e7tihat noktas\u0131nda <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sahabi-kavli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sahabe kavli<\/a> pek \u00e7ok mezhep i\u00e7in tercih sebebidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>-Sedd-i Zerai<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sedd-i-zerai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sedd-i Zerai<\/a> k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe giden yolun kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Yani \u0130slam\u2019a g\u00f6re k\u00f6t\u00fc kabul edilen bir eyleme sebep olabilecek eylemler de bu yolla <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mubah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mubah <\/a>kabul edilmezler. \u00d6rne\u011fin; 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bireylere sigara sat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasak olmas\u0131 bu ba\u011flamda de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>-\u015eer-u Men Kablena<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130slam ile birlikte di\u011fer dinlerin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi bitmi\u015ftir. \u00d6nceki dinlerin kutsal kitaplar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en kural ve kaideler M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ilgilendirmez. Fakat Kur&#8217;an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de yer alan baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler, eski <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/seriat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u015feriat<\/a>larda da mevcuttur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu t\u00fcrden h\u00fck\u00fcmler de f\u0131k\u0131hta kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/seru-men-kablena\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u015eer-u Men Kablena<\/a> delilinin en g\u00fczel \u00f6rne\u011fi \u201c<em>cana can, g\u00f6ze g\u00f6z, buruna burun, kula\u011fa kulak, di\u015fe di\u015f\u2026<\/em>\u201d ayetidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Fer&#8217;i deliller kapsam\u0131nda \u015fu yaz\u0131 ilginizi \u00e7ekebilir: <a title=\"\u0130stish\u00e2b Nedir?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih\/istishab-nedir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130stishab Nedir?<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Fikih_Ilminin_Dogusu_ve_Gelismesi\"><strong>F\u0131k\u0131h \u0130lminin Do\u011fu\u015fu ve Geli\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u0131k\u0131h ilminin, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n n\u00fczul\u00fcn\u00fcn en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri var oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Efendimize <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/vahiy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vahiy<\/a> geliyor, ard\u0131ndan <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sahabe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sahabilere<\/a> ula\u015f\u0131yordu. Sahabe efendilerimiz gelen vahiyler sayesinde hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 tanzim ve tesis ediyorlard\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla f\u0131kh\u0131n esas amac\u0131 b\u00f6ylelikle tahakkuk ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Efendimiz_Doneminde_Fikih\"><strong>Efendimiz D\u00f6neminde F\u0131k\u0131h<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2451\" width=\"292\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-2-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u0131k\u0131h ilminin bu boyutunu sistem kazanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem olarak ifade edebiliriz. Sahabiler, ak\u0131llar\u0131na tak\u0131lan bir soruyu ya da ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 Efendimize dan\u0131\u015farak gideriyor, ald\u0131klar\u0131 bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hareket ediyorlard\u0131. Efendimizin d\u00fcnyay\u0131 terkinden evvel ya\u015fanan bu s\u00fcreci de <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mekke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mekke<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/medine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Medine<\/a> olarak ikiye ay\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Mekke_Donemi\"><strong>Mekke D\u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130slam, Mekke <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/musrik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m\u00fc\u015friklerinin<\/a> bask\u0131s\u0131yla gizlice tebli\u011f edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hem m\u00fc\u015frik propagandalar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun \u015fekilde olmas\u0131 hem de \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n yeni n\u00fczul etmesi sebebiyle bu d\u00f6nemde gelen vahiylerin <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/iman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">iman<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ahlak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ahlak<\/a> a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir birey olarak insanlar\u0131n muhatap al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, dinin \u00f6\u011fretilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yerle\u015fik <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sirk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u015firk<\/a> anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bu sebeple <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/zina\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zina,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/icki\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">i\u00e7ki,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kumar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kumar,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/faiz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">faiz<\/a> gibi konular\u0131n vahiy arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Fikih-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2452\" width=\"359\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Fikih-3.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Fikih-3-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Fikih-3-768x583.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"nbspMedine_Donemi\">&nbsp;<strong>Medine D\u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Medine d\u00f6nemi art\u0131k bireysel konular\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve toplumsal konular\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir. Hicret sonras\u0131 Medine\u2019ye yerle\u015fen Efendimiz ve ashab\u0131, burada tam te\u015fekk\u00fcll\u00fc bir <a href=\"https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/pub\/eskiyeni\/issue\/37051\/426404\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130slam toplumu<\/a> olu\u015fturmay\u0131 hedeflemi\u015f ve bunun i\u00e7in ellerinden geleni yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ensar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ensar<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/muhacir--osmanli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Muhacir<\/a> karde\u015fli\u011fi (<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/muahat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mu\u00e2h\u00e2t<\/a>) bunun en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinden biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Di\u011fer taraftan gelen vahiyler, toplumsal i\u00e7erikli olmakla beraber <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tedric\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tedrici<\/a> bir mahiyet arz etmektedir. Yani toplumsal dinamikleri dizayn edebilmek ad\u0131na gelen kurallar ve kaideler birka\u00e7 seferde indirilmi\u015f, halk\u0131n adaptasyonu s\u00fcreli \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. <a href=\"https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/download\/article-file\/179806\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> d\u00f6rt etapta getirilmesi konuya dair g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnek olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Efendimizin terki d\u00fcnya edi\u015finden sonra fetva ve h\u00fck\u00fcm noktas\u0131nda do\u011frudan bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 kesilmi\u015f haliyle M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n dinin as\u0131l kaynaklar\u0131 olan Kur&#8217;an ve S\u00fcnnet \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeni karar ve uygulamalar geli\u015ftirmeleri elzem olmu\u015ftu. F\u0131k\u0131h ilmi yeni bir evreye girmi\u015f, sahabe ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tabiin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tabiinin<\/a> rehberli\u011finde sistemle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Sahabe_ve_Tabiin_Donemi\"><strong>Sahabe ve Tabiin D\u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sahabe efendilerimiz d\u00f6nemi \u0130slam toplumunun b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp geli\u015fti\u011fi bir mahiyet arz eder. F\u0131k\u0131h a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirecek olursak <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ebu-bekir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hz. Ebu Bekir<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/omer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hz. \u00d6mer<\/a> d\u00f6nemlerini ayr\u0131ca ele almak gerekir. Di\u011fer taraftan <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kufe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kufe<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hicaz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hicaz<\/a> ekollerinin temellerinin at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, son derece dinamik ve \u00fcretken bir zaman bir dilimidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hz. Ebu Bekir d\u00f6neminde dine ba\u015f kald\u0131rmalar (<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ridde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ridde<\/a>) olmu\u015f, namaz ve zek\u00e2t gibi konular sebebiyle <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/irtidad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">irtidat<\/a> eden kimselerle m\u00fccadele edilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemin en ay\u0131rt edici taraf\u0131 Kur&#8217;an\u2019\u0131n <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mushaf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mushaf<\/a> haline getirilmesidir. Hz. \u00d6mer d\u00f6neminde ise \u0130slam medeniyeti farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu co\u011frafyalarda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan g\u00fcncel problemler de f\u0131k\u0131h ilminin geli\u015fip, g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Kufe_Ekolu\"><strong>Kufe Ekol\u00fc<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kufe ekol\u00fcn\u00fcn kurulu\u015f s\u00fcreci <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/abdullah-b-mesud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130bni Mesud<\/a>\u2019un orada resmi g\u00f6reve gelmesi ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/irak--ulke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Irak<\/a>\u2019ta g\u00f6rev alan \u0130bni Mesud, Medine\u2019den \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir ortamla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yeni bir toplumun bireysel, sosyal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na cevap vermek i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler arad\u0131. Zaten Medine\u2019de Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in fetva ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131 ki\u015filerden biriydi. Di\u011fer taraftan Efendimize en yak\u0131n sahabilerden olup, derinlikli bir ilmi birikime sahipti. Resmi i\u015finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ilmi faaliyetlerde de bulundu. Ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/rey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rey<\/a> temelli bir <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tefsir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tefsir<\/a> ve f\u0131k\u0131h olu\u015fumunun ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kiraat--ilim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">K\u0131raat<\/a> ilminin temellerini att\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130bni Mesud, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/alkame-b-kays\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alkame b. Kays en-Nehai<\/a> (\u00f6.62), <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/amr-b-surahbil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amr b. \u015eurahbil el-Hemadani<\/a> (\u00f6.63) gibi \u00f6nemli ilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131 yeti\u015ftirdi. Bu ku\u015fak ise <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nehai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130brahim en-Nehai<\/a> (\u00f6.96), <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sabi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amr b. \u015eerahil e\u015f-\u015eabi<\/a> (\u00f6.104) isimlerin yeti\u015fmesine \u00f6n ayak oldu. Daha sonra ayn\u0131 ekol i\u00e7inden <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hammad-b-ebu-suleyman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammad b. S\u00fcleyman<\/a> (\u00f6.120), <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sufyan-es-sevri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S\u00fcfyan es-Sevri<\/a> (\u00f6.161), Ebu Hanife (\u00f6. 150) isimler \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130bni Mesud ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ilmi hareket g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015ft\u0131, geli\u015fti ve b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek t\u00fcm \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131na yay\u0131lmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Hicaz_Ekolu\"><strong>Hicaz Ekol\u00fc<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Hicaz ekol\u00fc, Irak\u2019ta geli\u015fen Kufe ekol\u00fc ile hemen hemen ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat Mekke ve Medine\u2019deki sorunlar, Efendimiz d\u00f6neminden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ya da ayn\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n benzerleri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in reye \u00e7ok fazla ihtiya\u00e7 olmuyordu. Bu sebeple Hicaz ekol\u00fc <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nass<\/a> a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ilerleme kaydediyordu. Bu ekolden<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sube-b-haccac\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u015eu&#8217;be<\/a> (\u00f6.160), <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mamer-b-rasid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ma\u2019mer b. Re\u015fid<\/a> (\u00f6.153), <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/leys-b-sad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leys b. Sa\u2019d<\/a> (\u00f6.165) gibi \u00f6nemli isimler \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/malik-b-enes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130mam Malik<\/a> yine bu ekol i\u00e7inde yeti\u015fmi\u015f olan mezhep kurucu imamlardan bir tanesidir. Hatta ileriki d\u00f6nemlerde radikal tutum sergileyen kimileri taraf\u0131ndan <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/zahiriyye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zahirilik<\/a> ekol\u00fc olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Mezheplerin_Ortaya_Cikisi\"><strong>Mezheplerin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Fikih-6-1-1024x746.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9595\" width=\"340\" height=\"248\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mezhep\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mezheplerin<\/a> ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 f\u0131k\u0131h ilminin art\u0131k tam te\u015fekk\u00fcl ve <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lugatim.com\/s\/tedvin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tedevv\u00fcn<\/a> d\u00f6nemini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Mezheplerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede ciddi bir ilmi miras olu\u015fmu\u015f ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da alim yeti\u015fmi\u015fti. Fakat her ne kadar alim say\u0131s\u0131 neredeyse t\u00fcm \u0130slam beldelerine yay\u0131lacak kadar \u00e7ok olsa da yine de tek bir otorite etraf\u0131nda birle\u015fme gereksinimi duyuluyordu. Di\u011fer taraftan y\u00f6neticilerin de ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu bir hukuk <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mevzuat#:~:text=Mevzuat%2C%20y%C3%BCr%C3%BCrl%C3%BCkteki%20hukuk%20kurallar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n%20b%C3%BCt%C3%BCn%C3%BCd%C3%BCr,t%C3%BCz%C3%BCk%2C%20y%C3%B6netmelik%20ve%20tebli%C4%9Fden%20olu%C5%9Fur.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mevzuat\u0131<\/a> eksikli\u011fi s\u00f6z konusuydu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla fetva ve h\u00fck\u00fcm konusunda otorite ki\u015fi ve olu\u015fumlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, fetva ve i\u00e7tihat noktas\u0131nda bir kayna\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hukuk birli\u011fi ve hukuki istikrar sayesinde hem siyasal y\u00f6netimin mevzuat gereksinimi giderilecek hem de hevas\u0131na yenik d\u00fc\u015fme ihtimali olan <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kadi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kad\u0131lar\u0131n<\/a> \u00f6n\u00fc kesilecekti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00f6neticiler zor da olsa zay\u0131f karakterli kad\u0131lar\u0131 ayartabilir, kendi lehlerine fetva vermelerini ve i\u00e7tihatta bulunmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilirdi. Bu sebeple otoritenin tesis edilmesi \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc fayda do\u011furacakt\u0131. \u0130\u015fte Ebu Hanifelerin, \u0130mam \u015eafiilerin, \u0130mam Maliklerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir ihtiyaca binaen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezheplerin resmiyet kazanmas\u0131 durumu d\u00fcnyada \u00f6rne\u011fine az rastlan\u0131r \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Zaten f\u0131k\u0131h ilmi halk\u0131n i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kan, hi\u00e7bir y\u00f6netimden destek g\u00f6rmeden ulema taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu. Ve insanlar dinlerini iyi anlayabilmek ve ya\u015fayabilmek ad\u0131na ulemaya gidiyor, onlardan bilgi al\u0131yor, derslerine kat\u0131l\u0131yor ve \u00f6\u011frendiklerini sosyal hayatlar\u0131nda uyguluyorlard\u0131. Her belde kendi i\u00e7indeki a\u011f\u0131r basan ekol\u00fcn yolundan gidiyordu. Resmiyet kazanma s\u00fcrecinde de halk\u0131n \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi olu\u015fumlar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla zaten sivil hayatta gayet ola\u011fan \u015fekilde ak\u0131p giden hukuk sistemi, halk\u0131n hi\u00e7bir kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmadan resmiyet kazanm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Fikhin_Istikrar_Donemi_ve_Ictihat\"><strong>F\u0131kh\u0131n \u0130stikrar D\u00f6nemi ve \u0130\u00e7tihat<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezheplerin olu\u015fumu ve resmiyet kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, \u0130slam co\u011frafyalar\u0131 yerle\u015fik bir d\u00fczene oturmu\u015f, hukuksal istikrar sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f oldu. Bu istikrar hem y\u00f6netimlerin salahiyeti, hem mezhep \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonu hem de dini rehberli\u011fin gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in o g\u00fcnlerde elzemdi. Fakat istikrar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u00e7tihad\u0131n olmamas\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yeni h\u00fck\u00fcm ve mezheplerin do\u011fmamas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Netice olarak i\u00e7tihat kendili\u011finden f\u0131k\u0131h sahas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmese de bu durum durgun ve dura\u011fan bir d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Di\u011fer taraftan her ne kadar i\u00e7tihat kap\u0131s\u0131 kapansa da mezhep i\u00e7i <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tahric--hadis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tahri\u00e7ler<\/a> yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Yeni soru ve sorunlara bu yolla cevaplar arand\u0131. Fakat yine bu sefer de mezhep <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/taassup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">taassubu<\/a> ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Mezhep intikalleri <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tazir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tazirle<\/a> cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Genel olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu gibi durumlar\u0131n modern d\u00f6nemlere kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck problemler te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc taassup alg\u0131sal bir durumdur. Dinle ve dinin f\u0131khi boyutu ile alakas\u0131 yoktur. Di\u011fer taraftan i\u00e7tihad\u0131n olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n cevaps\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/orf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00f6rf,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/maslahat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maslahat,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hiyel--fikih\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hiyel<\/a> ve tahri\u00e7 gibi yollarla h\u00fck\u00fcm ve fetva ihityac\u0131 gideriliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131n \u0130slam toplumunda yeniden g\u00fcndeme gelebilmesi i\u00e7in sanayi devrimine kadar beklemek gerekti. <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanayi_Devrimi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sanayi devrimi<\/a><a href=\"#_ftn162\" name=\"_ftnref162\"><\/a> ile h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015fen ve geli\u015fen toplum, kendi i\u00e7inde \u00f6ncekilere benzemeyen \u00e7ok daha farkl\u0131 problemlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden oldu. Bu noktada s\u0131k\u00e7a sorulan sorulardan ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konulardan bir \u015fu oldu: problemlerimizi hala tek bir mezhebe g\u00f6re mi cevaplayaca\u011f\u0131z yoksa t\u00fcm mezheplerin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 eklektik bir yap\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde mi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Mecelle_ve_Fikhin_Kanunlastirilma_Sureci\"><strong>Mecelle ve F\u0131kh\u0131n Kanunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma S\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2455\" width=\"264\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-4.jpg 325w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Fikih-4-269x300.jpg 269w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 264px) 100vw, 264px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130slam co\u011frafyalar\u0131nda hukuk ihtiyac\u0131, istikrar d\u00f6neminde bahsedildi\u011fi \u015fekilde giderilmi\u015ftir. Sanayi devrimiyle beraber gelen ve sosyal hayata etki eden de\u011fi\u015fiklikler f\u0131kha da yeni bir boyut kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6ncelikle her ne kadar mezhepler ve mezheplerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu f\u0131k\u0131h literat\u00fcr\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcm verme noktas\u0131nda yeterli olsa da kolay de\u011fildi. Kitaplar\u0131 okumak, oradan bilgi almak ve fetva \u00e7\u0131karmak git gide zorla\u015f\u0131yordu. Di\u011fer taraftan Osmanl\u0131\u2019da kurulan <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nizamiye-mahkemeleri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nizamiye Mahkemelerinde<\/a> g\u00f6rev alan yarg\u0131\u00e7lar da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde karar verme noktas\u0131nda sorunlar ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Sair \u00fclkeler temel kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 yani anayasalar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015flerdi. Devlet-i Aliye\u2019nin de b\u00f6yle bir hukuk merciine ihtiyac\u0131 has\u0131l olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bolgunalhukuk.com\/article.php?aId=16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Medeni kanunu<\/a> Bat\u0131\u2019dan almamak i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/cevdet-pasa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ahmet Cevdet Pa\u015fa<\/a> (\u00f6.1895) riyasetinde bir kanun kitab\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na karar verildi. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mecelle-i-ahkam-i-adliyye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mecelle<\/a> ad\u0131 verilen bu kitap, f\u0131k\u0131h kitaplar\u0131nda yer alan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sistematik \u015fekilde bir araya getirecek ve bir anayasa t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc te\u015fkil edecekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130lk etapta Mecelle, sadece Hanefi f\u0131kh\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131narak haz\u0131rland\u0131. Tek fark\u0131 kimi noktalarda Ebu Hanife\u2019nin de\u011fil onun talebesi olan <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ebu-yusuf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ebu Yusuf<\/a>\u2019un (\u00f6.798) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini almas\u0131d\u0131r. Sonralar\u0131 ise bir Mecelle Tadil Komisyonu olu\u015fturularak, has\u0131l olan ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak ad\u0131na di\u011fer <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sunni\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">s\u00fcnni<\/a> mezheplerden de yararlanma yoluna gidildi. 1917 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hukuk-i-aile-kararnamesi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hukuk-\u0131 Aile Kararnamesi<\/a> haz\u0131rland\u0131. Hem <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/yahudilik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yahudilerin<\/a> hem <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hiristiyanlik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hristiyan<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lugatim.com\/s\/az%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n<\/a> kendi dinlerine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlemelerin oldu\u011fu bu kararnamede, d\u00f6rt mezhep itibara al\u0131n\u0131rken kimi noktalarda, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/esam-ebu-bekir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ebu Bekir el-Asamm<\/a> (\u00f6.816) ve<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ibn-subrume\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u0130bni \u015e\u00fcbr\u00fcme<\/a> (\u00f6.761) gibi d\u00f6rt mezhep d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan uleman\u0131n da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden faydalan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mecelle, 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Hukuk Devrimi\u2019nin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ve \u0130svi\u00e7re <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.istanbul.edu.tr\/FileHandler2.ashx?f=isvicre-medeni-kanunu%E2%80%99nun-turkiye-cumhuriyeti-tarafindan-resepsiyonuna-uzanan-surece-iliskin-genel-bir-degerlendirme_cihan-osmanagaoglu-karahasanoglu_636903129857525299.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medeni hukukunun<\/a> kabul edilmesi ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, Hukuk-\u0131 Aile Kararnamesi bir y\u0131l bile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte durmadan feshedilmi\u015ftir. Sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te mezheplerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin kanun olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, sadece diyani alanda insanlar\u0131n ki\u015fisel tercihine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kabul edilen doktrinler olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bug\u00fcn f\u0131k\u0131h, inananlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin dini cevaplar verebilme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 ve entelekt\u00fcel bir zihni faaliyeti ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\"><em><strong>Bu makale ile ilintili olarak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/fikih-usulu-nedir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">F\u0131k\u0131h Usul\u00fc Nedir?<\/a> makalesini mutlaka okuman\u0131z\u0131 tavsiye ediyoruz.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Kaynaklar\"><strong>Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/fikih\"><em>TDV \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, F\u0131k\u0131h Maddesi.<\/em><br><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/lugatim.com\/s\/f%C4%B1k%C4%B1h\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Kubbealt\u0131 S\u00f6zl\u00fck, F\u0131k\u0131h Kelimesi.<\/em><br><\/a><em>Bir Bilgi T\u00fcr\u00fc Olarak F\u0131k\u0131h ve Di\u011fer Disiplinlerle \u0130li\u015fkisi, Faruk Be\u015fer, Usul, 5, 2006.<\/em><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hanefi-mezhebi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>TDV \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, Hanefi Mezhebi Maddesi.<\/em><br><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/safii-mezhebi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>TDV \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, \u015eafii Mezhebi Maddesi.<\/em><br><\/a><em>F\u0131k\u0131h \u0130lmine Giri\u015f, Mehmet Erdo\u011fan, Ensar Ne\u015friyat, \u0130stanbul, 2013.<\/em><br><em>TDV \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, Fakih Maddesi.<\/em><br><em>\u0130slamveihsan.com, Ger\u00e7ek F\u0131k\u0131h\u00e7\u0131 Kimdir Makalesi.<\/em><br><em>\u0130lk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Toplumun Olu\u015fumu ve Hz. Muhammed (sav): Karde\u015fle\u015ftirme \u00d6rnek Olay\u0131 \u00dczerine Tarihsel Bir Din Sosyolojisi \u0130ncelemesi, Mustafa Arslan, Eskiyeni\/25, \u0130stanbul, 2012.<\/em><br><em>Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n \u0130\u00e7ki Yasa\u011f\u0131 Tedricili\u011fi \u00dczerine Bir Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, Necdet \u00dcnal, Kelam Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, 9:2, 2011.<\/em><br><em>\u0130svi\u00e7re Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Taraf\u0131ndan Resepsiyonuna Uzanan S\u00fcrece \u0130li\u015fkin Genel Bir De\u011ferlendirme, Cihan Osmano\u011flu Karahasano\u011flu, I. T\u00fcrk Hukuk Kongresi Bildirileri.<\/em><br><em>Mecelle-i Ahkam-\u0131 Adliyye\u2019nin Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe Giri\u015fi ve T\u00fcrk Hukuk Tarihi Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00d6nemi, Cihan Osmano\u011flu Karahasano\u011flu, OTAM\/29, 2011.<\/em><br><em>Atat\u00fcrk Hukuk Devrimi \u00dczerine, Erol Cihan.<\/em><br><em>\u0130slam Hukukunda G\u00f6zetilmesi Zorunlu Maslahatlar \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde \u0130nsan Onuru, \u00d6mer Faruk Haber Getiren, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130lahiyat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi, 3\/1, 2019.<\/em><br><em>\u0130mam \u015eafii\u2019nin F\u0131k\u0131h Usul\u00fcnde S\u00fcnnet F\u0131k\u0131h \u0130li\u015fkisi, Ahmet Kele\u015f, Eskiyeni\/37, 2018.<\/em><br><em>Kur&#8217;an-S\u00fcnnet \u0130li\u015fkisi Kur&#8217;an\u2019da Risalet ve S\u00fcnnetin Te\u015frii De\u011feri, Kolektif, Kuramer Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2020, \u0130stanbul.<\/em><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kuran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>TDV \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, Kur&#8217;an Maddesi.<\/em><br><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sunnet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>TDV \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, S\u00fcnnet Maddesi.<\/em><br><\/a><em>Ana Hatlar\u0131yla \u0130slam Hukuku (1.2.3. Ciltler), Hayreddin Karaman, Ensar Ne\u015friyat, 2007, \u0130stanbul.<\/em><br><em>F\u0131k\u0131h ve Hukuk Terimleri S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Mehmet Erdo\u011fan, Ensar Ne\u015friyat, 2013, \u0130stanbul.<\/em><br><em>Herkes \u0130\u00e7in Kolay Usul-\u00fc F\u0131k\u0131h, Faruk Be\u015fer, Nun Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2014, \u0130stanbul.<\/em><br><em>\u00d6ncelikler F\u0131kh\u0131, Yusuf el-Karadavi, Nida Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2015, \u0130stanbul.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>F\u0131k\u0131h Nedir?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":599,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[328,329,325],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=187"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2838,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187\/revisions\/2838"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}