{"id":189,"date":"2021-05-09T18:38:17","date_gmt":"2021-05-09T15:38:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/safirblog\/2018\/05\/03\/yolcu-ucaginin-cami-havadayken-catladi\/"},"modified":"2021-11-29T12:39:57","modified_gmt":"2021-11-29T09:39:57","slug":"tabakatul-fukaha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/tabakatul-fukaha\/","title":{"rendered":"Tabakatu&#8217;l Fukaha"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#TABAKATU8217L_FUKAHA\">TABAKATU&#8217;L FUKAHA<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Kemalpasazadenin_Fukaha_Hiyerarsisi\">Kemalpa\u015faz\u00e2de\u2019nin Fukaha Hiyerar\u015fisi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-Seriatta_Muctehit_Tabakasi\">1-\u015eeriatta M\u00fc\u00e7tehit Tabakas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-Mezhepte_Muctehit_Tabakasi\">2-Mezhepte M\u00fc\u00e7tehit Tabakas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-Meselede_Muctehit_Tabakasi\">3-Meselede M\u00fc\u00e7tehit Tabakas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-Ashabut_Tahric_Tabakasi\">4-Ashabu\u2019t Tahric Tabakas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-Ashabut_Tercih_Tabakasi\">5-Ashabu\u2019t Tercih Tabakas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#6-Ashabut_Temyiz_Tabakasi\">6-Ashabu\u2019t Temyiz Tabakas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#7-Mukallitler_Tabakasi\">7-Mukallitler Tabakas\u0131<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"TABAKATU8217L_FUKAHA\"><strong>TABAKATU&#8217;L FUKAHA<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tabakatu\u2019l fukaha, mezhep i\u00e7erisindeki hiyerar\u015fiyi g\u00f6sterir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131flaman\u0131n di\u011fer bir amac\u0131 da mezhep i\u00e7erisindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir tutum tak\u0131n\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn dikkate al\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in mezhebe mensubiyetin yeterli olmay\u0131p ayr\u0131ca belirli niteliklere sahip olman\u0131n da gerekli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kemalpasazade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kemalpa\u015faz\u00e2de,<\/a> fukaha tabakalar\u0131n\u0131 en genel bi\u00e7imiyle <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ictihad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>m\u00fc\u00e7tehitler<u><\/u><\/em><\/a><strong><em> ve mukallitler<\/em><\/strong> olarak iki ana kategoride kurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re ilk \u00fc\u00e7 tabaka m\u00fc\u00e7tehitler kategorisini olu\u015ftururken; sonraki d\u00f6rt tabaka mukallitler kategorisini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Kemalpasazadenin_Fukaha_Hiyerarsisi\"><strong>Kemalpa\u015faz\u00e2de\u2019nin Fukaha Hiyerar\u015fisi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tabakatul-Fukaha-1024x731.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-813\" width=\"233\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tabakatul-Fukaha-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tabakatul-Fukaha-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tabakatul-Fukaha-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tabakatul-Fukaha-1536x1097.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tabakatul-Fukaha-2048x1462.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"1-Seriatta_Muctehit_Tabakasi\"><strong>1-\u015eeriatta M\u00fc\u00e7tehit Tabakas\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu tabakada yer alanlar Ebu Hanife, \u0130mam \u015eafii gibi imamlard\u0131r. Bunlar gerek f\u00fcru gerekse usul konusunda kimseyi taklit etmemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"2-Mezhepte_Muctehit_Tabakasi\"><strong>2-Mezhepte M\u00fc\u00e7tehit Tabakas\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu tabakada yer alanlar, Ebu Yusuf, imam Muhammed ve di\u011ferleridir. Bunlar her ne kadar baz\u0131 f\u00fcru ahk\u00e2m\u0131nda Ebu Hanife\u2019ye muhalefet etseler de usul kaideleri konusunda onu taklit etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"3-Meselede_Muctehit_Tabakasi\"><strong>3-Meselede M\u00fc\u00e7tehit Tabakas\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezhep sahibinden herhangi bir rivayetin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir meselede i\u00e7tihat edenler. Bunlar, el-Hassaf, Tahavi, Kerhi, Halv\u00e2ni, Serahsi, Pezdevi, K\u00e2d\u0131han gibi fakihlerdir. Bunlar ne usulde ne f\u00fcruda \u015eeyh\u2019e <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ebu-hanife\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>(Ebu Hanife)<\/em><\/a> muhalefet edebilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"4-Ashabut_Tahric_Tabakasi\"><strong>4-<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ashabut-tahric\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ashabu\u2019t Tahric<\/a> <strong>Tabakas\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunlar i\u00e7tihada muktedir de\u011fildir. Fakat hangi h\u00fckm\u00fcn nereden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi kavram\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 sebebiyle mezhep sahibinden ya da onun m\u00fc\u00e7tehit arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n birinden nakledilen ve iki anlama gelme ihtimali bulunan m\u00fcphem bir h\u00fckm\u00fc usul konusundaki rey ve nazarlar\u0131 sebebiyle tafsil etmeye muktedirlerdir. Razi ve benzerleri bu tabakada yer al\u0131r. Tahric sahibi olarak nitelenen fakih kendi ad\u0131na i\u00e7tihat eden de\u011fil, aksine imamlardan gelen ve farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde yorumlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri mezhebin genel \u00e7izgisine g\u00f6re yorumlayan bir fakihtir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"5-Ashabut_Tercih_Tabakasi\"><strong>5-<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ashabut-tercih\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ashabu\u2019t Tercih<\/a><strong> Tabakas\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kuduri ve el Merginani gibi fakihler bu tabakada yer al\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n i\u015fi, kulland\u0131klar\u0131 <strong><em>\u201ch\u00e2z\u00e2 evla, h\u00e2z\u00e2 esah riv\u00e2yeten\u201d<\/em><\/strong> gibi ifadelerinde de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi rivayetlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 di\u011ferine \u00fcst\u00fcn tutmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"6-Ashabut_Temyiz_Tabakasi\"><strong>6-Ashabu\u2019t Temyiz Tabakas\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunlar kuvvetliyi zay\u0131ftan, Zahiru\u2019r-rivaye ve nevadiri birbirlerinden ay\u0131rmaya g\u00fc\u00e7 yetiren kimselerdir. M\u00fcteahhir d\u00f6nemdeki Nesefi, Mevs\u0131li, Tacu\u015f\u015feria, \u0130bnu\u2019s-S\u00e2\u00e2ti gibi muteber metin sahipleri bu grupta yer al\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fi, merdud g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ve zay\u0131f rivayetleri kitaplar\u0131na almamalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"7-Mukallitler_Tabakasi\"><strong>7-Mukallitler Tabakas\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunlar, son \u00fc\u00e7 tabakada zikredilen faaliyetleri yapmaya muktedir olamayan, zay\u0131f ile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcy\u00fc tefrik edemeyen ve sa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 solunu bilemeyen kimselerdir. Bunlar karanl\u0131kta odun toplayan adam misali her bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 toplarlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Bu makaleyi okuyanalar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/hukum-nedir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"H\u00fck\u00fcm Nedir?\">H\u00fck\u00fcm Nedir?<\/a>&#8220;<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Kaynaklar\"><strong>Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ictihad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apayd\u0131n, Yunus. \u201c\u0130\u00e7tihat\u201d, D\u0130A<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ashabut-tahric\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7er, Esat. \u201cAshabu\u2019t Tahric\u201d, D\u0130A<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ashabut-tercih\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7er, Esat. \u201cAshabu\u2019t Tercih\u201d, D\u0130A<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kemalpasazade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Turan, \u015eerafettin. \u201cKemalpa\u015fazade\u201d, D\u0130A<\/a><br><u>\u0130slam Hukuk Usul\u00fc, Yunus Apayd\u0131n, Bilay Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2018.<\/u><br><u>F\u0131k\u0131h Usul\u00fc, Abdullah Kahraman, Ra\u011fbet Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2016.<\/u><a name=\"_ftn1\" href=\"#_ftnref1\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tabakatu&#8217;l Fukaha<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":813,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[321,323,280,324],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=189"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2385,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189\/revisions\/2385"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=189"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=189"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=189"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}