{"id":238,"date":"2021-05-16T18:45:10","date_gmt":"2021-05-16T15:45:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/safirblog\/2018\/05\/03\/internetin-yeni-akimi-lawrencing\/"},"modified":"2021-11-29T12:40:35","modified_gmt":"2021-11-29T09:40:35","slug":"islam-hukukunda-nesih-teorisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/islam-hukukunda-nesih-teorisi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130slam Hukukunda Nesih Teorisi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#ISLAM_HUKUKUNDA_NESIH_TEORISI\">\u0130SLAM HUKUKUNDA NES\u0130H TEOR\u0130S\u0130<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Neshin_Sartlari\">Neshin \u015eartlar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kitapin_Sunnet_ile_Sunnetin_de_Kitap_ile_Neshi\">Kitap\u2019\u0131n S\u00fcnnet ile S\u00fcnnetin de Kitap ile Neshi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Neshin_Gerceklesme_Bicimleri\">Neshin Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme Bi\u00e7imleri<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-Sabit_Bir_Hukmun_Tamamen_Ortadan_Kaldirilmasi\">1-Sabit Bir H\u00fckm\u00fcn Tamamen Ortadan Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-Anlam_Daraltmasi_Biciminde_Gerceklesen_Nesih\">2-Anlam Daraltmas\u0131 Bi\u00e7iminde Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Nesih<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-Nass_Uzerine_Ziyade_Biciminde_Gerceklesen_Nesih\">3-Nass \u00dczerine Ziyade Bi\u00e7iminde Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Nesih<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Neshi_Bilmenin_Yollari\">Neshi Bilmenin Yollar\u0131<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Sariin_Belirtmesi\">\u015e\u00e2ri\u2019in Belirtmesi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Icma\">\u0130cm\u00e2<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Nuzul_ve_Vurud_Tarihlerinin_Bilinmesi\">N\u00fczul ve V\u00fcr\u00fbd Tarihlerinin Bilinmesi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Sahabi_Sozu\">Sah\u00e2bi S\u00f6z\u00fc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"ISLAM_HUKUKUNDA_NESIH_TEORISI\"><strong>\u0130SLAM HUKUKUNDA NES\u0130H TEOR\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nesih--seriat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nesih<\/a> kelimesinin s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak verilen <strong><em>\u201ciz\u00e2le, iptal, ref\u2019, tebdil, tahvil ve nakil\u201d <\/em><\/strong>gibi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar, temelde iki anlam alt\u0131nda toplan\u0131r. Bunlardan birincisi ortadan kald\u0131rmak, ikincisi ise bir \u015feyi bir yerden ba\u015fka bir yere veya bir halden ba\u015fka bir hale nakletmektir. Neshin dildeki hakikat anlam\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131rma oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Ortadan kald\u0131rma anlam\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek \u00fczere cumhur daha \u00e7ok <strong><em>\u201cref\u2019 ve izale\u201d<\/em><\/strong> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, Hanefiler ise daha \u00e7ok <strong><em>\u201ctebdil\u201d<\/em><\/strong> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tercih etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neshin terim anlam\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen iki temel anlam etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenmi\u015f ve buna g\u00f6re de biri, <strong><em>\u201cbeyan eksenli\u201d<\/em><\/strong> di\u011feri de <strong><em>\u201ckald\u0131rma (ref\u2019)\u201d<\/em><\/strong> eksenli iki farkl\u0131 nesih tan\u0131m\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Neshin beyan i\u00e7erikli ilk tan\u0131m\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/kelam\/imam-maturidi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"\u0130mam Maturidi\">\u0130mam Maturidi<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Hanefi usulc\u00fcleri taraf\u0131ndan genel olarak devam ettirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hanefilerin yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan bir tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re nesih, kendi a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131zdan devam edece\u011fini sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z h\u00fckm\u00fcn sona erdi\u011finin beyan edilmesidir. Cumhurun yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan \u00f6zl\u00fc tan\u0131mlar\u0131ndan birine g\u00f6re ise nesih, \u015fer\u2019i h\u00fckm\u00fcn daha sonra gelen \u015fer\u2019i bir delille kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong><em>Neshin Mahalli: Nesih Ne T\u00fcr H\u00fck\u00fcmlerde Cereyan Eder?<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-8-min-edited-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2391\" width=\"196\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-8-min-edited-scaled.jpeg 1706w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-8-min-edited-200x300.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-8-min-edited-683x1024.jpeg 683w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-8-min-edited-768x1152.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-8-min-edited-1024x1536.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Tefsir-8-min-edited-1365x2048.jpeg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 196px) 100vw, 196px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1-Ebedi Oldu\u011fu, Nass\u0131n Kendisinden Anla\u015f\u0131lan H\u00fck\u00fcmler: <\/strong>Kendisine k\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar veya ebediyen gibi bir s\u00f6z biti\u015fen naslar b\u00f6yledir. Bu gibi ifadelerin biti\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 o h\u00fckm\u00fcn neshe a\u00e7\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2-Belli Bir S\u00fcreye Kadar Devam Edece\u011fi Nass\u0131n Kendisiyle Bilinen H\u00fck\u00fcmler: <\/strong><strong><em>\u201cBu h\u00fck\u00fcm \u015fu zamana kadard\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> denilerek konulmu\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmler b\u00f6yledir. Belirtilen zaman geldi\u011finde h\u00fckm\u00fcn kalkmas\u0131 nesih anlam\u0131na gelmez. Zaten h\u00fckm\u00fcn o zamana kadar devam edece\u011fi ba\u015ftan biliniyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3-Vakit Kayd\u0131 Getirilmeksizin Konulan H\u00fck\u00fcmler: <\/strong>\u0130\u015fte nesih sadece bu t\u00fcr h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde cereyan eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><em>Nesih sadece Hz. Peygamber hayatta iken s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. Vahiy s\u00fcreci Hz. Peygamber\u2019in vefat\u0131yla son buldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 Hz. Peygamber\u2019in vefat\u0131ndan sonraki bir d\u00f6nemde nesih ger\u00e7ekle\u015femez. Bu konuda usulc\u00fcler aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Neshin_Sartlari\"><strong>Neshin \u015eartlar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1-Neshedilen h\u00fck\u00fcm akli bir h\u00fck\u00fcm de\u011fil, \u015fer\u2019i bir h\u00fck\u00fcm olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih\/istishab-nedir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"\u0130stish\u00e2b Nedir?\">\u0130stishab\u0131n<\/a><\/strong> gere\u011fi olarak o ana kadar herhangi bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yoklu\u011fu durumu, ibadetlerin vacip k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131yla ortadan kalkmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu durum nesih olarak nitelendirilemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2-Nesih, bir hitap ile olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/strong>Buna g\u00f6re m\u00fckellefin \u00f6lmesi veya acziyeti sebebiyle h\u00fckm\u00fcn kalkmas\u0131 nesih olarak nitelendirilemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3-H\u00fckm\u00fc kald\u0131r\u0131lan hitap, h\u00fckm\u00fcn kalkmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren bir vakitle kay\u0131tl\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/strong><strong><em>\u201cOrucu geceye kadar tamamlay\u0131n.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> ayeti b\u00f6yle bir kay\u0131t i\u00e7erdi\u011fi i\u00e7in gece olunca, oru\u00e7 tutma h\u00fckm\u00fc kendili\u011finden kalkar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla burada bir nesih s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4-N\u00e2sih olan hitap daha sonra gelmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Kitapin_Sunnet_ile_Sunnetin_de_Kitap_ile_Neshi\"><strong>Kitap\u2019\u0131n S\u00fcnnet ile S\u00fcnnetin de Kitap ile Neshi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"615\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-2-min-1024x615.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-979\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-2-min-1024x615.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-2-min-300x180.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-2-min-768x461.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-2-min-1536x922.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-2-min-2048x1229.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130mam \u015eafii, Kitap\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcnnetle ve s\u00fcnnetin Kitap\u2019la neshini caiz g\u00f6rmemekle birlikte ba\u015fta \u015eafii mezhebine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok usulc\u00fc olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer ekoller genel olarak bunun caiz ve vaki oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc benimsemi\u015ftir. Hz. Peygamber\u2019in beyan g\u00f6revine dahil olmas\u0131 sebebiyle bir ayetin h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fka bir ayetle veya Hz. Peygamber\u2019in s\u00fcnnetiyle neshedilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her iki durumda da ger\u00e7ekte nesheden Allah\u2019t\u0131r. Ancak s\u00fcnnetle bir ayet aras\u0131nda nesih s\u00f6z konusu olacaksa bu s\u00fcnnetin m\u00fctevatir veya me\u015fhur olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kitap\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcnnet ile neshine usulc\u00fcler, ana babaya ve yak\u0131n akrabaya vasiyette bulunmay\u0131 emreden ayetin, <strong><em>\u201cV\u00e2rise vasiyet yoktur.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> hadisiyle neshedilmesini \u00f6rnek vermi\u015flerdir. S\u00fcnnet ile sabit olan namazda <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kudus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Beyt-i Makdis\u2019<\/a>e y\u00f6nelme uygulamas\u0131, K\u00e2be&#8217;ye y\u00f6nelme emriyle de neshedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Neshin_Gerceklesme_Bicimleri\"><strong>Neshin Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme Bi\u00e7imleri<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"1-Sabit_Bir_Hukmun_Tamamen_Ortadan_Kaldirilmasi\">1-Sabit Bir H\u00fckm\u00fcn Tamamen Ortadan Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islam-Hukukunda-Nesih-Teorisi-1024x678.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-823\" width=\"219\" height=\"144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islam-Hukukunda-Nesih-Teorisi-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islam-Hukukunda-Nesih-Teorisi-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islam-Hukukunda-Nesih-Teorisi-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islam-Hukukunda-Nesih-Teorisi-1536x1017.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islam-Hukukunda-Nesih-Teorisi-2048x1356.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Usulc\u00fcler neshin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme keyfiyetini hem h\u00fck\u00fcm hem de tilavet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ele alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re <strong><em>nesih \u00fc\u00e7 bi\u00e7imde<\/em><\/strong> ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>-H\u00fckm\u00fcn ve Tilavetin Mensuh Olmas\u0131: <\/strong>Bu t\u00fcr nesih baz\u0131 usulc\u00fclere g\u00f6re Hz. Peygamber zaman\u0131nda Kur\u2019an a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu olmu\u015ftur. Bunlar daha \u00e7ok <strong><em>\u201cBiz bir ayeti nesh eder veya unutturursak, yerine daha iyisini veya dengini getiririz.&#8221; <\/em><\/strong><em>ve <\/em><strong><em>\u201dDileseydik sana vahyetti\u011fimizi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131k.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> ayetlerini ve Hz. Ebubekir, Ebu Musa el-E\u015f\u00e2ri, Enes bin Malik ve Hz. Ai\u015fe gibi sahabilerden gelen baz\u0131 rivayetleri gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mesela Hz. Ai\u015fe\u2019nin \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u011fi rivayet edilmi\u015ftir: <strong><em>\u201cKur\u2019an\u2019da nazil olan ayetler aras\u0131nda on emzirmenin haram k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131\/mahremiyet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu vard\u0131. Sonra bu h\u00fck\u00fcm be\u015f emzirme ile neshedildi. Bu, Hz. Peygamber vefat etti\u011finde Kur\u2019an\u2019dan bir ayet olarak okunmaktayd\u0131.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>-H\u00fckm\u00fcn Baki, Tilavetin Mensuh Olmas\u0131: <\/strong>Bu t\u00fcrden neshin \u00f6rne\u011fi Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019den gelen <strong><em>\u201cMuhsan erkek ve kad\u0131n zina etti\u011finde Allah\u2019tan bir ceza olarak onlar\u0131 recmedin. Allah azizdir, hakimdir.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> \u015feklindeki rivayettir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>-Tilavetin Baki, H\u00fckm\u00fcn Mensuh Olmas\u0131: <\/strong><strong><em>\u201cKad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131zdan zina yapanlara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inizden d\u00f6rt \u015fahit getirin. E\u011fer onlar \u015fahitlik ederlerse o kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcnceye veya Allah onlar hakk\u0131nda bir yol a\u00e7\u0131ncaya kadar kendilerini evlerde tutun.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> Bu ayetteki hapis h\u00fckm\u00fc, celd ayetiyle <em>(Nur, 2.)<\/em> neshedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"2-Anlam_Daraltmasi_Biciminde_Gerceklesen_Nesih\"><strong>2-Anlam Daraltmas\u0131 Bi\u00e7iminde Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Nesih<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Anlam Daraltmas\u0131n\u0131n Nesih Olmas\u0131na \u00d6rnek:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong><em>\u201c\u0130\u00e7inizden \u00f6lenlerin geride b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu e\u015fleri kendi kendilerine d\u00f6rt ay on g\u00fcn beklerler.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> ayetiyle kocas\u0131 \u00f6len kad\u0131n\u0131n iddet s\u00fcresi d\u00f6rt ay on g\u00fcn olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f,<strong><em> \u201cHamile olanlar\u0131n bekleme s\u00fcresi ise do\u011fum yapmalar\u0131yla sona erer.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>ayetiyle ise hamile kad\u0131nlar\u0131n iddetinin do\u011fumla sona erece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durumda elimizde kocas\u0131 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ve bir \u015fekilde evlilik birli\u011fi sona ermi\u015f hamile kad\u0131nlar\u0131n iddetine dair iki farkl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmakta ve bu iki farkl\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn kapsam\u0131na ayn\u0131 anda girmeleri sebebiyle kocas\u0131 \u00f6len hamile kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hangi d\u00fczenlemeye tabi olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda s\u00f6z konusu iki ayet aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kocas\u0131 \u00f6len kad\u0131nlar ifadesi, hamile olsun olmas\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar\u0131; hamile kad\u0131nlar ifadesi ise kocas\u0131 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f veya bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olsun evlilik birli\u011fi sonlanm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn hamile kad\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine almaktad\u0131r. Hz. Ali, iki ayetin aras\u0131n\u0131 uzla\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00fczere, kocas\u0131 \u00f6len hamile kad\u0131n\u0131n iddetinin <strong><em>\u201ceb\u2019adu\u2019l-eceleyn\u201d<\/em><\/strong> oldu\u011funu yani belirtilen iki iddetten hangisinin s\u00fcresi daha uzun ise kad\u0131n\u0131n o s\u00fcreyi bekleyece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130bni Mesud gibi kimi sahabiler ise bunun bir nesih i\u015flemi oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Hanefiler, \u0130bni Mesud\u2019un yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 benimseyerek bu iki ayet aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi, h\u00e2ss ile \u00e2mm\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve sonra gelen \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlemenin \u00f6nceki genel d\u00fczenlemeyi, belli bir oranda neshetmesi olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Burada \u00f6nceki ayetin anlam\u0131n\u0131n daralt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fleminin tahsis de\u011fil de nesih olarak isimlendirilmesi, sonraki ayetin ilk ayetin uygulamaya ge\u00e7mesinden sonra gelmi\u015f olmas\u0131 sebebiyledir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Anlam Daraltmas\u0131n\u0131n Tahsis Olmas\u0131na \u00d6rnek:&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong><em>\u201cEy iman edenler! Allah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 gelmekten sak\u0131nman\u0131z i\u00e7in oru\u00e7, sizden \u00f6ncekilere farz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi size de farz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131. Oru\u00e7, say\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcnlerdedir. Sizden kim hasta ya da yolculukta olursa tutamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131nca ba\u015fka g\u00fcnlerde tutar.\u201d <\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayetin ba\u015f\u0131nda orucun b\u00fct\u00fcn inananlara farz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, devam\u0131nda ise hasta ve yolcu olanlar\u0131n Ramazan orucunu ba\u015fka g\u00fcnlerde tutabilece\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor. Hasta ve yolcunun ba\u015fka g\u00fcnlerde tutabilece\u011fini belirten c\u00fcmle, zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hemen ilk c\u00fcmlenin devam\u0131nda de\u011fil de ilk h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulama imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131ndan sonra gelmi\u015f olsayd\u0131, bu takdirde yap\u0131lan anlam daraltmas\u0131 tahsis de\u011fil nesil olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"3-Nass_Uzerine_Ziyade_Biciminde_Gerceklesen_Nesih\">3-Nass \u00dczerine Ziyade Bi\u00e7iminde Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Nesih<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Nass \u00fczerine ziyade deyimi, bir nass\u0131n i\u00e7erdi\u011fi anlama ba\u015fka bir delile dayanarak onda do\u011frudan yer almayan bir \u015fey eklemek anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu ekleme i\u015fini Hanefiler <strong><em>nesih \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir beyan<\/em><\/strong> olarak de\u011ferlendirirken, di\u011fer ekoller genel olarak<strong><em> beyan<\/em><\/strong> saym\u0131\u015f, yerine g\u00f6re de <strong><em>tahsis, tevil, takyit<\/em><\/strong> olarak isimlendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hanefiler bu ekleme i\u015flemini nesih sayd\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, haber-i v\u00e2hidle yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak m\u00fctevatir veya me\u015fhur gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc delillerle yap\u0131labilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerken, cumhur salt beyan olmas\u0131 itibar\u0131yla, bunun haberi vahid ve k\u0131yas gibi zanni delillerle de yap\u0131labilece\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eafiiler, <strong><em>\u201cAmeller niyetlere g\u00f6redir.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> hadisine dayanarak ve teyemm\u00fcmde niyetin \u015fart olmas\u0131na k\u0131yasla abdestte niyetin \u015fart oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. Hanefilere g\u00f6re ise abdestte niyetin \u015fart haline getirilmesi bir nesih olur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Allah, abdestle ilgili ayette y\u0131kama ve meshi zikretmi\u015f, niyeti s\u00f6z konusu etmemi\u015ftir. Bu durumda abdestte niyeti \u015fart ko\u015fmak nass \u00fczerine ziyade yapmak anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu da bir nesihtir ve nesih ancak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir delille yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nassa ziyadenin Hanefiler taraf\u0131ndan <strong><em>nesih,<\/em><\/strong> cumhur taraf\u0131ndan <strong><em>beyan<\/em><\/strong> olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi, Hanefilerle cumhur aras\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle bir farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hanefilere g\u00f6re bu t\u00fcr, ilave nesih say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ancak kendisiyle neshin caiz olaca\u011f\u0131 bir delille yap\u0131labilir. Buna g\u00f6re s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen ilave m\u00fctevatir veya me\u015fhur bir haberle yap\u0131labilirken \u00e2had haberlerle yap\u0131lamaz. Cumhura g\u00f6re ise nassa bu t\u00fcrden bir ekleme yapmak, nesih de\u011fil, genel olarak beyan say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in haber-i v\u00e2hid gibi zanni bir delil ile nassa ziyade yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Neshi_Bilmenin_Yollari\"><strong>Neshi Bilmenin Yollar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Sariin_Belirtmesi\"><strong>\u015e\u00e2ri\u2019in Belirtmesi<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Neshin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015e\u00e2ri\u2019in s\u00f6z\u00fcnden anla\u015f\u0131labilir. \u015e\u00e2ri\u2019 do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak neshi belirtmi\u015f olabilir. <strong><em>\u201cSize kabirleri ziyaret etmeyi yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, art\u0131k ziyaret edebilirsiniz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kabir ziyareti, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hat\u0131rlat\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Icma\"><strong>\u0130cm\u00e2<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130cm\u00e2 ile nesih m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmemekle birlikte bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn mensuh oldu\u011funun icm\u00e2 ile bilinece\u011fi, usulc\u00fclerin geneli taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <strong><em>\u201cKim bir meyyiti y\u0131karsa gusletsin, kim de ta\u015f\u0131rsa abdest als\u0131n.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> Bu hadisin h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn dikkate al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olu\u015fmu\u015f bir icm\u00e2 vard\u0131r. Mesela, \u015farap i\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 defa cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan kimsenin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc defa i\u00e7ti\u011finde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini emreden bir hadis bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, \u015farap i\u00e7enin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeyece\u011fi konusunda \u00e2limler icm\u00e2 etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Nuzul_ve_Vurud_Tarihlerinin_Bilinmesi\"><strong>N\u00fczul ve V\u00fcr\u00fbd Tarihlerinin Bilinmesi<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelen iki ayetin n\u00fczul tarihlerinin bilinmesi durumunda, sonraki \u00f6ncekini nesh eder. Mesela bir y\u0131ll\u0131k iddet s\u00fcresinin d\u00f6rt ay on g\u00fcn ile neshedilmesi, ilgili ayetlerin n\u00fczul tarihlerinin bilinmesi yoluyla olmu\u015ftur. Yine birbiriyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan hadislerin hangi tarihlerde s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi biliniyorsa daha sonra s\u00f6ylenen hadisin n\u00e2sih oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Sahabi_Sozu\"><strong>Sah\u00e2bi S\u00f6z\u00fc<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir sahabinin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131ndan hareketle neshe h\u00fckmedilip edilemeyece\u011fi konusu usulc\u00fcler aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Usulc\u00fclerin \u00e7o\u011fu, sahabinin bu y\u00f6ndeki a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n nakil kaynakl\u0131 de\u011fil, i\u00e7tihat kaynakl\u0131 olabilece\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle bu t\u00fcr a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan hareketle neshin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmedilemeyece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-text-align-left\"><p><strong>Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih\/islam-hukukunda-tearuz-ve-tercih-teorisi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"\u0130slam Hukukunda Tearuz ve Tercih Teorisi\">\u0130slam Hukukunda Tearuz ve Tercih<\/a><\/strong>&#8220;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nesih--seriat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00c7etin, Abdurrahman. \u201cNesih\u201d, D\u0130A<\/a><br>\u0130slam Hukuk Usul\u00fc, Yunus Apayd\u0131n, Bilay Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2018.<br>F\u0131k\u0131h Usul\u00fc, Abdullah Kahraman, Ra\u011fbet Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2016.<a href=\"#_ftnref1\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130slam Hukukunda Nesih Teorisi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":823,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[314,313,312,311],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/238"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=238"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/238\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2393,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/238\/revisions\/2393"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}