{"id":2953,"date":"2021-12-09T11:47:03","date_gmt":"2021-12-09T08:47:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=2953"},"modified":"2021-12-09T12:31:35","modified_gmt":"2021-12-09T09:31:35","slug":"hasen-hadis-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/hasen-hadis-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Hasen Hadis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hasen Hadis<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Konuyla ilgili en \u00f6nemli mesele, hasen hadisin tarifi. Hadis tarihinde hasen hadisle ilgili ortak kanaatten bahsetmek g\u00fc\u00e7. Hasen hadisin ilk defa Tirmiz\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan tarif edildi\u011fini biliyoruz. Ancak Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin hasen tarifiyle ilgili m\u00fclahazalar, farkl\u0131l\u0131k arz etmekte. Tirmiz\u00ee, hasen hadisi \u015f\u00f6yle tarif etmektedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0625\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0652\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0628\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0648 \u0630\u064e\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0633\u0646\u201d. \u201c(Hadisleri bir araya getirdi\u011fimiz) bu kitab\u0131m\u0131zda \u2018hasen hadis\u2019 olarak bahsettiklerimiz ile kastetti\u011fimiz \u015fey \u015fudur: Bize g\u00f6re isn\u00e2d\u0131 hasen olan, isn\u00e2d\u0131nda yalanc\u0131l\u0131kla itham edilmi\u015f r\u00e2vi bulunmayan, \u015f\u00e2z olmayan ve farkl\u0131 vecihler ile rivayet edilmi\u015f olan hadistir<\/em>.\u201d (Tirmiz\u00ee, el-\u2018\u0130lel\u00fc\u2019s-sa\u011f\u00eer<\/em>, s. 59)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019s-Sal\u00e2h, Hatt\u00e2b\u00ee ile Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin hasen hadis tarifini verdikten sonra kendisi, bu \u015fekildeki hasen tarifinin tam olarak sahih hadisten ayr\u0131 bir kategoride yer alamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve devam\u0131nda hasen hadisi \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131yor: \u201cbirincisi, isnad\u0131nda mest\u00fbr r\u00e2vi bulunan ve hadis ilmindeki ehliyeti yeteri kadar olmayan ancak \u00e7ok\u00e7a hata yapmam\u0131\u015f ve yalanc\u0131l\u0131kla itham edilmemi\u015f r\u00e2vilerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hadistir. Bu k\u0131s\u0131m hasen hadisin metni, ba\u015fka vecihlerden de gelerek hadis takviye edilmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kincisi, sad\u0131k olmalar\u0131yla beraber sahih hadisin r\u00e2vileri derecesinde olmayan r\u00e2vilerin aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 hadistir. Ancak bu t\u00fcr r\u00e2vilerin rivayetleri, teferr\u00fcd gerek\u00e7esiyle m\u00fcnker olan rivayetlerden daha \u00fcst\u00fcn olmal\u0131 ve illetli olmamal\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130bn Hacer, hasen liz\u00e2tihi ve hasen li\u011fayrihi olmak \u00fczere hasen hadisi ikiye ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hasen liz\u00e2tihi, \u0130bn Hacer\u2019in tarifine g\u00f6re zapt\u0131nda kusur bulunan ama di\u011fer s\u0131hhat \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan r\u00e2vinin rivayet etti\u011fi hadise denir. \u0130bn Hacer liz\u00e2tihi ile kendisinde bulunan \u015fartlara bak\u0131larak ve ba\u015fka sahih hadislere bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n hadisin m\u00fcstakil olarak hasen derecesinde olmas\u0131n\u0131 kastetmi\u015ftir. Hasen li\u011fayrihi ise asl\u0131 zay\u0131f olmakla birlikte ba\u015fka bir rivayetle takviye edilmi\u015f hadisler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Hani bizde bir atas\u00f6z\u00fc var: \u201cbir elin nesi var iki elin sesi var.\u201d Hasen li\u011fayrihi e\u015fittir \u2018iki elin sesi var\u2019. E\u011fer tek elin sesi olursa o da hasen liz\u00e2tihi olur. Netice olarak \u0130bn Hacer\u2019in N\u00fczhe<\/em>\u2019deki hasen tarifindeki \u00f6nemli nokta: r\u00e2vinin sika r\u00e2vi gibi sa\u011flam bir zapta sahip olmamas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f hadis ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan Muhammed Halef Sel\u00e2me, Lis\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-muhaddis\u00een<\/em> adl\u0131 hadis s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mahiyetindeki eserinde, hasen maddesinde \u015funlar\u0131 dile getirmektedir: \u201cMuhaddislerin \u0131st\u0131lah\u0131nda hasen, bir\u00e7ok manaya gelmektedir. Yine de bu manalar\u0131n i\u00e7erisindeki ortak anlam: istihsan (yani s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131 ile bir \u015feyi ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lama). Hadisteki istihsan ister hadisin s\u00fcbutuyla ilgili olsun; ister senediyle ilgili olsun; isterse metni ile ilgili olsun, fark etmez. Hadisin senedindeki istihsan, hadisin gar\u00eeb ve \u00e2l\u00ee isn\u00e2da sahip olmas\u0131. Hadisin metnindeki istihsan, g\u00fczel manaya sahip olmas\u0131 veya ilm\u00ee konularda delil olarak kullan\u0131labilecek derecede olmas\u0131.\u201d<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sel\u00e2me\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla hasen hadis, kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f hadislerdir. Her ne kadar senedinde sahih hadisin senedindeki gibi birtak\u0131m \u015fartlara haiz de\u011filse de yine de amel edilmeye engel olacak derecede kendisinde bir problem bulunmayan hadistir. Bu anlamda istihsan yani ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lama ile anlat\u0131lmak istenen de bu t\u00fcr hadisleri yabana atmamak, onlarla amel etmenin g\u00fczel bir \u015fey olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fka bir \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olan T\u00e2r\u0131k b. Ivadull\u00e2h, kendi yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Elfiyye<\/em>\u2019si \u00fczerine yine kendi yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015ferh \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olan Lu\u011fat\u00fc\u2019l-muhaddisi\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde, hasen hadisin m\u00fctekaddim hadis\u00e7ilerin kullan\u0131mlar\u0131nda istihsan kavram\u0131yla ilgili oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve bu manada \u00f6rnekler veriyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cM\u00fctekaddim hadis\u00e7iler, hasen hadisi sahih ve aktaran kimseden sabit oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in istihsan ediyorlar. Hasen hadisi bu manada kullananlar, \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee, Ahmed b. Hanbel, Nes\u00e2\u00ee\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine hasen hadisi, bir karine i\u00e7ermesi veya benzer \u015fekilde farkl\u0131 hadislerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla zay\u0131f iken h\u00fcccet olabilecek dereceye \u00e7\u0131kan hadis olarak de\u011ferlendirenler var. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ahmed b. Hanbel bu manada zay\u0131f hadisi, delil olabilecek derecede hasen hadis gibi de\u011ferlendirir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine hasen hadisi gar\u00eeb, m\u00fcnker hatta mevz\u00fb hadis olarak de\u011ferlendirenler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr hasen hadis, delil olarak kullan\u0131lamaz. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130br\u00e2him en-Neha\u00ee\u2019den \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6zler nakledilmi\u015ftir: \u2018Muhaddisler, bir r\u00e2vinin m\u00fcnker, gar\u00eeb olan bir hadisi (arap\u00e7a ifade ile \u0623\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064e \u062d\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062b\u0650\u0647 ) nakletmesini ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lamaz. Hat\u00eeb el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee, \u00dcmeyye b. H\u00e2lid\u2019den \u015funu nakletmi\u015ftir: \u015eu\u2019be b. el-Hacc\u00e2c\u2019a \u2018Abd\u00fclmelik b. Eb\u00ee S\u00fcleyman\u2019dan ni\u00e7in hadis nakletmiyorsun? O hasen\u00fc\u2019l-had\u00ees olan bir muhaddistir\u2019 denildi\u011finde cevap olarak \u2018Zaten hadisleri hasen oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ondan ka\u00e7\u0131yorum demi\u015ftir (\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062d\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0646\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064f)\u2019.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hasen hadis, sahih hadisin i\u00e7erisinde de\u011ferlendirilen bir t\u00fcrd\u00fcr asl\u0131nda. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130bn Huzeyme, \u0130bn Hibban gibi eserlerine Sah\u00eeh<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koyan muhaddisler, kitaplar\u0131na hasen derecesinde olan hadisleri de almaktad\u0131rlar. \u015eayet sahih, hasen ve zay\u0131f \u015feklinde s\u0131hhat \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hadisleri \u00fc\u00e7e ay\u0131r\u0131rsak, \u0130bn Huzeyme ile \u0130bn Hibban\u2019\u0131n eserlerinin ad\u0131n\u0131 sadece Sah\u00eeh<\/em> ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmamalar\u0131 gerekirdi. \u0130\u015fte bundan dolay\u0131 rivayet d\u00f6nemi hadis kitaplar\u0131nda sahih ile hasen, \u0130bn Sal\u00e2h ile \u0130bn Hacer\u2019in hadis us\u00fbl\u00fc eserlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi m\u00fcstakil birer b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak de\u011ferlendirilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: “Sahih Hadis<\/a><\/strong>“<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hatt\u00e2b\u00ee, Hamd b. Muhammed, Me\u00e2lim\u00fc\u2019s-S\u00fcnen, Halep 1351\/1932.
\u0130bn Hacer, Ahmed b. Ali el-Askal\u00e2n\u00ee, N\u00fczhet\u00fc\u2019n-nazar, D\u0131ma\u015fk 1421\/2000.
\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019s-Sal\u00e2h, Osman b. Abdirrahm\u00e2n e\u015f-\u015eehrez\u00fbr\u00ee. \u2018Ul\u00fbmu\u2019l-had\u00ees, (n\u015fr. Nureddin Itr), D\u0131ma\u015fk 1406\/1986.
Muhammed Halef Sel\u00e2me, Lis\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-muhaddis\u00een, PDF.
T\u00e2r\u0131k b. \u0130vadull\u00e2h, Lu\u011fat\u00fc\u2019l-muhaddisi\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2, Kahire 1434\/2013.
Tirmiz\u00ee, Muhammed b. \u00ces\u00e2, el-\u2018\u0130lel\u00fc\u2019s-sa\u011f\u00eer, Mektebet\u00fc\u2019l-B\u00fc\u015fr\u00e2, Pakistan 1433\/2012.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hasen Hadis Konuyla ilgili en \u00f6nemli mesele, hasen hadisin tarifi. Hadis tarihinde hasen hadisle ilgili ortak kanaatten bahsetmek g\u00fc\u00e7. Hasen hadisin ilk defa Tirmiz\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan tarif edildi\u011fini biliyoruz. Ancak Tirmiz\u00ee\u2019nin hasen tarifiyle ilgili m\u00fclahazalar, farkl\u0131l\u0131k arz etmekte. Tirmiz\u00ee, hasen hadisi \u015f\u00f6yle tarif etmektedir: \u201c\u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0625\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0647 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2960,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[828,369,823,826,824,825,827],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2953"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2953"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2959,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2953\/revisions\/2959"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2960"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}