{"id":3094,"date":"2021-12-04T17:17:43","date_gmt":"2021-12-04T14:17:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=3094"},"modified":"2022-09-12T15:29:33","modified_gmt":"2022-09-12T12:29:33","slug":"isaguci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/isaguci\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130saguci"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kitap \u0130smi:<\/strong> \u0130saguci. (er-Risalet\u00fc\u2019l-Esiriyye fi\u2019l-Mant\u0131k)<\/em>
M\u00fcellif:<\/strong> Esir\u00fcddin el-Mufaddal b. \u00d6mer es-Semerkandi el-Ebheri (\u00f6. 663\/1265)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Genel Tan\u0131t\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131da ele alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z as\u0131l eser Ebheri\u2019nin \u0130saguci bir di\u011fer ismiyle er-Risalet\u00fc\u2019l-Esiriyye fi\u2019l-Mant\u0131k olacak. Fakat bundan \u00f6nce \u0130saguci gelene\u011finden k\u0131saca bahsetmemiz gerekecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130saguci, asl\u0131nda \u0130slam ilim gelene\u011finde belli bir kategorideki kitaplar\u0131n genel ad\u0131d\u0131r. Daha do\u011frusu bir literat\u00fcr\u00fcn ismi de diyebiliriz. Ebheri\u2019nin eseri bu literat\u00fcr i\u00e7erisinde yer alan ve en fazla ra\u011fbet g\u00f6ren kitaplardan bir tanesi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ncellikle \u0130saguci ismi aslen S\u00fcryani olan Yeni Platonculuk ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n takip\u00e7ilerinden Forfiryus\u2019a (\u00f6. 304) aittir. Forfiryus, Aristo\u2019nun mant\u0131k sistemini ele alan Kategoriler isimli eserinin kolay anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in bu eseri kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Muhtasar mahiyetindeki esere Grek\u00e7e \u201cgiri\u015f\u201d manas\u0131na gelen \u0130sagoge (Eisagoge) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yunan metinlerinin Arap\u00e7aya terc\u00fcme edildi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde bu eserin de \u00e7evirisi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve Grek\u00e7e bu kelimenin Arap\u00e7a okunu\u015fu olan \u0130saguci kelimesi ba\u015fl\u0131k olarak tercih edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonralar\u0131 Forfiryus\u2019un mantalitesi ile kaleme al\u0131nan kitaplar\u0131n, terc\u00fcmelerin, \u015ferhlerin genel ad\u0131 \u0130saguci olmu\u015ftur. Grek\u00e7e \u0130sagoge, Arap\u00e7a \u201cmedhal\u201d manas\u0131na geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u0130saguci yerine medhal kelimesinin de tercih edildi\u011fi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ebheri\u2019nin eseri de t\u0131pk\u0131 Forfiryus\u2019un \u0130saguci\u2019sindeki mant\u0131kla hareket ederek Aristo sistemini ihtisar etti\u011fi i\u00e7in bu ismi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Forfiryus\u2019un eseri zaman i\u00e7erisinde Aristo\u2019nun Organon k\u00fclliyat\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f eseri olmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aristo okumalar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce m\u00fctalaa edilmi\u015ftir. Ebheri\u2019nin \u0130saguci\u2019si ve ayn\u0131 parkurdaki di\u011fer eserler de \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda mant\u0131k ilmine giri\u015fte kullan\u0131l\u0131r olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asl\u0131nda Forfiryus\u2019un \u0130saguci\u2019de ne yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlarsak Ebheri\u2019nin de risalesini anlam\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu sebeple Forfiryus\u2019un eserini ve kurgusunu anlatmaya devam edelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aristo mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n temelinde yer alan \u201cbe\u015f k\u00fclli\u201d olarak isimlendirilen unsurlar b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Bu sebeple eserin ba\u015f\u0131nda be\u015f k\u00fclli ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere baz\u0131 kavramlar\u0131n k\u0131sa izahlar\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan be\u015f k\u00fclliyi olu\u015fturan; cins, nev, fas\u0131l, hassa ve araz kavramlar\u0131 m\u00fcstakil b\u00f6l\u00fcmler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele al\u0131nmakta ve i\u015flenmektedir. Konunun anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in her kavram basit a\u00e7\u0131klamalar ile incelenmekte, tan\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131lmakta ve kavramlar aras\u0131 ili\u015fkiler a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Forfiryus\u2019un eserinin en \u00f6nemli taraf\u0131 ise y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca kullan\u0131lacak olan bir \u015fema vermesidir. Forfiryus, t\u00fcmel kavramlar\u0131 kaplamlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan inceler ve cevher kavram\u0131n\u0131n merkezde oldu\u011fu bir tasnif yapar. Bu tasnif \u015femas\u0131 sonralar\u0131 \u201cPorphyrios A\u011fac\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r ki bug\u00fcn mant\u0131k ilmine giri\u015fte hala aktif \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ebheri\u2019nin \u0130saguci\u2019sine gelecek olursak Forfiryus\u2019un eserinin Arap dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f versiyonu oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Eserin dikkat \u00e7eken taraf\u0131 sistematik anlat\u0131m\u0131, basitle\u015ftirici y\u00f6ntemi ve son derece hacimsiz olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sebeple medreselerde ra\u011fbet g\u00f6ren kitaplardan bir tanesi olmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sadece medrese talebeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil mant\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan da ba\u015fucu kitab\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dczerine onlarca \u015ferh, ha\u015fiye ve talik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nevi \u015fahs\u0131na m\u00fcnhas\u0131r yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 da bu esere ilgi duymu\u015ftur. Bir giri\u015f kitab\u0131 olarak Latince ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli Bat\u0131 dillerine terc\u00fcmesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son olarak m\u00fcellif Ebheri\u2019nin hayat\u0131yla ilgili elimizde detayl\u0131 bilgi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Fakat mant\u0131kla beraber astronomi ve matematikte de \u00fcst\u00fcn bir yetkinli\u011fe sahip olan Ebheri \u00fcretken bir yazard\u0131r. Eserlerinin pek \u00e7o\u011fu hala mahtuta olarak k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin karanl\u0131k odalar\u0131nda saklanmaktad\u0131r. Ve g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 bekleyen bu eserlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerdedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: <\/strong>“el-Hulasat\u00fc\u2019l-Behiyye fi Mezhebi\u2019l-Hanefiyye<\/strong>” <\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Referanslar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ebheri-esiruddin<\/a>
[2]<\/a> https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/isaguci<\/a>
[3]<\/a> https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/suryaniler<\/a>
[4]<\/a> https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yeni_Platonculuk<\/a>
[5]<\/a> https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Porfirios<\/a>
[6]<\/a> https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aristoteles<\/a>
[7]<\/a> https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aristo_mant%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1<\/a>
[8]<\/a> https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kategoriler_(Aristoteles)<\/a>  
[9]<\/a> https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grek%C3%A7e<\/a>
[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/arapcaya-dair-hersey\/c<\/a>
[11]<\/a> https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organon<\/a>
[12]<\/a> https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/bes-kulli<\/a>
[13]<\/a> https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/cevher<\/a>
[14]<\/a> http:\/\/bilgioloji.com\/pages\/zihin\/mantik\/klasik\/porphyrios-agaci-nedir\/<\/a>
[15]<\/a> https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latince<\/a>
[16]<\/a> https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astronomi<\/a>
[17]<\/a> https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matematik<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kitap \u0130smi: \u0130saguci. (er-Risalet\u00fc\u2019l-Esiriyye fi\u2019l-Mant\u0131k)M\u00fcellif: Esir\u00fcddin el-Mufaddal b. \u00d6mer es-Semerkandi el-Ebheri (\u00f6. 663\/1265) Genel Tan\u0131t\u0131m Bu yaz\u0131da ele alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z as\u0131l eser Ebheri\u2019nin \u0130saguci bir di\u011fer ismiyle er-Risalet\u00fc\u2019l-Esiriyye fi\u2019l-Mant\u0131k olacak. Fakat bundan \u00f6nce \u0130saguci gelene\u011finden k\u0131saca bahsetmemiz gerekecek. \u0130saguci, asl\u0131nda \u0130slam ilim gelene\u011finde belli bir kategorideki kitaplar\u0131n genel ad\u0131d\u0131r. Daha do\u011frusu bir literat\u00fcr\u00fcn ismi de diyebiliriz. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3416,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[964],"tags":[910,909,871],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3094"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3094"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3309,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3094\/revisions\/3309"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3094"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}