{"id":341,"date":"2021-06-04T18:47:31","date_gmt":"2021-06-04T15:47:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/safirblog\/2018\/05\/03\/google-haritasinda-goruldu\/"},"modified":"2021-11-29T12:42:01","modified_gmt":"2021-11-29T09:42:01","slug":"amm-lafiz-ile-ilgili-meseleler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/amm-lafiz-ile-ilgili-meseleler\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c2mm Laf\u0131z ile \u0130lgili Meseleler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1-\u00c2mm Lafz\u0131n Delaletinin Kat\u2019ili\u011fi-Zannili\u011fi Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00c2mm lafz\u0131n umumunun k\u0131yas ve haber-i vahid gibi zanni delillerle daralt\u0131lmas\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c2mm lafz\u0131n delaletinin kesin oldu\u011funu kabul eden Hanefilere g\u00f6re \u00e2mm lafz\u0131n haber-i v\u00e2hid ve k\u0131yas ile tahsis veya nesh edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kesin olan \u015fey, zanni olan \u015fey ile tahsis veya nesh edilemez. \u015eafiilere g\u00f6re ise \u00e2mm lafz\u0131n delaleti zanni oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u0131yas ve haberi v\u00e2hid gibi zanni delillerle tahsis edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBesmeleyi kasten terk edenin kesti\u011fi hayvan\u0131n eti yenir mi? <\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Hanefiler, \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayvanlardan yemeyin.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/strong>ayetinin umumuna dayanarak besmeleyi kasten terk eden ki\u015finin kesti\u011fi hayvan\u0131n etinin yenmeyece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc benimsemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130mam \u015eafii ise \u201cBesmele \u00e7eksin \u00e7ekmesin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Allah\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131yla keser.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> ve \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131n kalbindedir.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> gibi haberlere dayanarak besmelesiz kesilen hayvan\u0131n etinin helal oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ona g\u00f6re bu haberler, ayetin umumunu tahsis etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSu\u00e7lunun Harem-i \u015eerife s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmas\u0131 ona dokunulmazl\u0131k sa\u011flar m\u0131? <\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Hanefiler, \u201cKim oraya (Harem\u2019e) s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131rsa emniyette olur.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> ayetinin umumuna dayanarak su\u00e7 i\u015fleyip hareme s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan ki\u015fi i\u00e7in dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sabit oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc benimsemi\u015flerdir. \u0130mam \u015eafii ise bu ayetin umumunu \u201cHarem ne bir \u00e2siyi ne bir caniyi ne de bir h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131 korur.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>haberine dayanarak tahsis etmi\u015f ve Harem\u2019e s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7luya dokunulmazl\u0131k sa\u011flamayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc benimsemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-\u00c2mm ile H\u00e2ss\u0131n Tearuz Etmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Biri bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, di\u011feri yoklu\u011funa delalet edecek \u015fekilde aralar\u0131nda bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 durumunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. (Bkz: \u0130slam Hukukunda Tearuz ve Tercih Teorisi<\/a>) H\u00e2ss ile \u00e2mm tearuz etti\u011finde \u00fc\u00e7 ihtimal s\u00f6z konusu olur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a-Bunlar\u0131n hangisinin \u00f6nce, hangisinin sonra oldu\u011funun bilinmesi. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hangisinin \u00f6nce, hangisinin sonra oldu\u011funun bilinmemesi durumuna ili\u015fkin olarak Hanefiler aras\u0131nda iki farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m vard\u0131r. Birinci yakla\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6re, bunlar\u0131n e\u015f zamanl\u0131<\/em><\/strong> olduklar\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130kisinden birini tercih ettirecek bir delil bulununcaya kadar tevakkuf etmek en do\u011frusudur. \u0130kinci yakla\u015f\u0131m ise, ihtiyata uygun oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle \u00e2mm lafz\u0131n daha sonra gelmi\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b-H\u00e2ss\u0131n \u00f6nce, \u00e2mm\u0131n sonra olmas\u0131. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c2mm laf\u0131z sonra ise \u00f6nceki h\u00e2ss lafz\u0131 nesh eder. Buna \u00f6rnek olarak Ureyneliler<\/em><\/strong> hadisi verilebilir.Hz. Peygamber, \u00e7obanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp zek\u00e2t develerini \u00e7alan Ureynelilerin el ve ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 kestirmi\u015f, g\u00f6zlerini oydurmu\u015f ve g\u00fcne\u015fin alt\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcme terk etmi\u015ftir. Bu \u015fekilde \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye m\u00fcsle denir. Buna mukabil Semure bin C\u00fcnd\u00fcb\u2019den m\u00fcsle konusunda \u015f\u00f6yle bir rivayet gelmi\u015ftir:\u201cHz. Peygamber irad etti\u011fi her hutbede bize sadakay\u0131 emreder ve m\u00fcsleyi yasaklard\u0131.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Semure\u2019nin rivayeti hem genel hem de tarih bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Ureynelilerle ilgili uygulamadan daha sonra oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Ureyneliler hakk\u0131ndaki \u00f6zel uygulamadan \u00e7\u0131kan me\u015fruluk h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc nesh etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c-\u00c2mm\u0131n \u00f6nce, h\u00e2ss\u0131n sonra olmas\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e2ss laf\u0131z sonra ise bu takdirde \u00f6nce gelen \u00e2mm lafza -zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan- biti\u015fik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fer h\u00e2ss laf\u0131z, \u00e2mm lafza biti\u015fik ise yani hemen onun pe\u015finden gelmi\u015fse \u00e2mm lafz\u0131 tahsis eder. <\/em><\/strong>Mesela Nur suresinin 4. ayetinde kazifte bulunanlar ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcm \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNamuslu kad\u0131nlara zina isnat edip sonra da d\u00f6rt \u015fahit getiremeyenlere seksen de\u011fnek vurun. <\/em><\/strong> Art\u0131k onlar\u0131n \u015fahitli\u011fini asla kabul etmeyin. \u0130\u015fte bunlar f\u00e2s\u0131k kimselerdir.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ayet, iffetli kad\u0131nlara zina isnad\u0131nda bulunup da bunu d\u00f6rt \u015fahitle ispat edemeyenlere 80 celde cezas\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131 ve \u015fahitliklerinin kabul edilmemesi h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc getirmi\u015ftir. Bu ayet genel ifadesiyle hem yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 hem de kocalar\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Nur suresinin 6. ayeti ise, kocalar\u0131n e\u015flerine zina isnad\u0131nda bulunmalar\u0131 ve bunu d\u00f6rt \u015fahitle ispatlayamamalar\u0131 halinde m\u00fcl\u00e2ane diye bilinen \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczenleme getirmi\u015ftir. Sebeb-i n\u00fczul\u00fcnden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re 6. ayet daha sonra indi\u011fi i\u00e7in 4. ayetin genel h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc kocalar hakk\u0131nda nesh etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3-\u00c2mm Lafz\u0131n \u0130\u00e7erdi\u011fi Baz\u0131 Fertlere Hasredilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c2mm lafz\u0131n, i\u00e7erdi\u011fi \u015feylerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131na hasredilmesine genel olarak kasr denilir. Kasr k\u0131saca, anlam daralmas\u0131 olarak ifade edilir. Kasr, genel olarak ya m\u00fcstakil olmayan bir s\u00f6zle ya da m\u00fcstakil bir \u015feyle olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcstakil olmayan s\u00f6z ile kasr:<\/strong> \u0130stisna, \u015fart, s\u0131fat <\/em><\/strong>ve gaye<\/em><\/strong> olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt \u00e7e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0130stisna,<\/strong> \u00e2mm\u0131n baz\u0131 fertlerine hasredilmesini gerektirir. Mesela bir kimse \u201cS\u00e2lim hari\u00e7 k\u00f6lelerim h\u00fcrd\u00fcr.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>dese azat i\u015flemi, bu ki\u015finin S\u00e2lim isimli k\u00f6lesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan k\u00f6leleri hakk\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u015eart,<\/strong> s\u00f6z\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 takdirlere hasredilmesini gerektirir. Mesela bir kimse kar\u0131s\u0131na<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEve girersen bo\u015fsun.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>dese talak, kad\u0131n\u0131n eve girmesi durumunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu s\u00f6zde talak\u0131n vaki olmas\u0131, eve girme \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-S\u0131fat,<\/strong> \u00e2mm lafz\u0131n s\u0131fat\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yere hasredilmesini gerektirir. Mesela \u201cSaime develerden zek\u00e2t gerekir.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>hadisi zek\u00e2t y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sadece saime, yani y\u0131l\u0131n yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 otlaklarda ge\u00e7iren develer hakk\u0131nda olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Gaye,<\/strong> lafz\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131n belirlenen s\u0131n\u0131ra kadar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Mesela \u201c…y\u00fczlerinizi ve dirseklere kadar ellerinizi y\u0131kay\u0131n.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>ayeti abdestte kollar\u0131 y\u0131kama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn dirseklere kadar oldu\u011funu ifade eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcstakil ile kasr<\/strong>: \u00c2mm lafz\u0131n m\u00fcstakil ile kasr edilmesi tahsis<\/em><\/strong> ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Ancak anlam daraltan m\u00fcstakil s\u00f6z zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e2mm laf\u0131zdan sonra ise bu daraltma nesih <\/em><\/strong>ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a-S\u00f6z ile tahsis edilmi\u015f laf\u0131z: <\/strong>Oru\u00e7, 183. ayetin umumu ile b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcminlere emredilmi\u015ftir. Ancak 183. ayetin umumu, bu ayetin pe\u015finden gelen 184. ayet ile hasta ve yolcular hakk\u0131nda tahsis edilmi\u015f ve bunlara orucun o esnada farz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tutamad\u0131klar\u0131 orucu ba\u015fka g\u00fcnlerde tutabilecekleri belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b-S\u00f6z olmayan \u015feylerle kasr<\/strong>: \u00c2mm lafz\u0131 tahsis eden s\u00f6z d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015feyler ise ak\u0131l, his <\/em><\/strong>ve \u00e2det<\/em><\/strong> olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 tanedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Ak\u0131l:<\/strong> \u201cAllah, her \u015feyin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> ayetinde Allah\u2019\u0131n kendisinin, \u201cher \u015fey\u201d<\/em><\/strong> lafz\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ak\u0131l yoluyla bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-His:<\/strong> \u201cOnlara h\u00fckmeden ki\u015finin kendisine her \u015fey verilmi\u015f olan bir kad\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Ayr\u0131ca onun muazzam bir taht\u0131 da vard\u0131.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>Ayette s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen kad\u0131na (Belk\u0131s\u2019a) her \u015feyin verilmemi\u015f oldu\u011fu his yoluyla, yani duyu organlar\u0131yla bilinmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her \u015fey ona verilmi\u015f olsa ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u015feye sahip olmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u00c2det:<\/strong> Yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m da bazen bir kelimenin genel olan ilk anlam\u0131n\u0131 daraltabilir. Mesela Arap\u00e7ada ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcyen her canl\u0131y\u0131 ifade eden d\u00e2bbe lafz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle at i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 buna \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c2mm laf\u0131z hakk\u0131nda daha detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in: “\u00c2mm Laf\u0131z<\/a><\/strong>“<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kolay Usul\u00fc F\u0131k\u0131h, Faruk Be\u015fer, Nun Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2016.<\/u>
\u0130slam Hukuk Usul\u00fc, Yunus Apayd\u0131n, Bilay Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2018.<\/u>
F\u0131k\u0131h Usul\u00fc, Abdullah Kahraman, Ra\u011fbet Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2016.<\/u><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c2MM LAFIZ \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 MESELELER<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[289,288,290],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/341"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=341"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2417,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/341\/revisions\/2417"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/945"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}