{"id":3713,"date":"2020-09-09T10:59:46","date_gmt":"2020-09-09T07:59:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=3713"},"modified":"2022-10-14T18:17:14","modified_gmt":"2022-10-14T15:17:14","slug":"anadolu-selcuklu-ve-osmanli-donemi-medreseler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/anadolu-selcuklu-ve-osmanli-donemi-medreseler\/","title":{"rendered":"Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi Medreseler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#GIRIS\">G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#OSMANLI_DONEMINDE_MEDRESELER\">OSMANLI D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDE MEDRESELER<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#HASIYE-I_TECRiD_YIRMILI_MEDRESELERI\">H\u00c2\u015e\u0130YE-\u0130 TECR\u00eeD (Y\u0130RM\u0130L\u0130) MEDRESELER\u0130<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#MIFTAH_OTUZLU_MEDRESELERI\">M\u0130FTAH (OTUZLU) MEDRESELER\u0130<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#TELVIH_KIRKLI_MEDRESELERI\">TELV\u0130H (KIRKLI) MEDRESELER\u0130<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#ELLILI_MEDRESELERI\">ELL\u0130L\u0130 MEDRESELER\u0130<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#SAHN-I_SEMAN_MEDRESELERI\">SAHN-I SEM\u00c2N MEDRESELER\u0130<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#ALTMISLI_MEDRESELERI\">ALTMI\u015eLI MEDRESELER\u0130<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#SULEYMANIYE_MEDRESELERI\">S\u00dcLEYMAN\u0130YE MEDRESELER\u0130<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kaynakca\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"GIRIS\">G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc veziri Nizam\u00fclm\u00fclk\u2019\u00fcn ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 medrese bina etme gelene\u011fi, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131. Yap\u0131lan medreseler \u00f6rne\u011fini Nizamiye\u2019den al\u0131yordu. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklulardan sonra Zengiler ve Eyy\u00fcbiler devrinde Suriye ve Irak\u2019ta Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Anadolu\u2019da di\u011fer T\u00fcrk ve \u0130slam devletlerince de \u0130slam \u00e2leminin de\u011fi\u015fik merkezlerinde medreseler in\u015fa edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sel\u00e7uklu d\u00f6nemi gerek \u00f6rg\u00fcn e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 gerekse yayg\u0131n e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk tarihinde en verimli d\u00f6nem olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nemde a\u00e7\u0131lan kurumlar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu nedeniyle tam say\u0131s\u0131 bile belirlenememi\u015f. \u00d6zellikle medreseler bu d\u00f6nemin tipik e\u011fitim veren kurumlar\u0131 olarak hizmet vermi\u015ftir. \u00dclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar ve \u00fcnl\u00fc bilim adamlar\u0131 buralarda dersler vermi\u015ftir. Rus tarih\u00e7i 5. Gordlevski, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 Devleti ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir: \u201cSel\u00e7uklular t\u00fcm Anadolu\u2019da c\u00f6mert elleriyle \u00fcst\u00fcn sanat yap\u0131tlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. Yollar, hanlar ve kervansaraylar gibi bir\u00e7ok kamu hizmetleri verdiler. \u00d6zel pratik gereksinimler i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bu hanlar\u0131 ve kervansaraylar\u0131, kentleri g\u00fczelle\u015ftiren camileri, medreseleri, dar\u00fclacezeleri, sadece ba\u015fkent ya da Asya ortalar\u0131ndaki kentlere de\u011fil de \u00fclkenin uzanabildi\u011fi her yere bunlar\u0131 in\u015fa etmi\u015flerdir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ocuklara okuma yazma \u00f6\u011fretmek amac\u0131yla her mescit yan\u0131nda tesis edilen ilkokullardan ba\u015fka her bir yana medreseler in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Medreselerin yayg\u0131n olarak kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedenlerini \u015funlar olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Ameli ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131<br>Devlet \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve S\u00fcnni olmayan ideolojilere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmas\u0131<br>Geni\u015fleyen imparatorluk y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in memur yeti\u015ftirilmesi<br>Din adam\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015ftirilmesi<br>Yeni fethedilen \u00fclkelerin manevi olarak da fethedilmesi<br>Bilginleri bir g\u00f6rev ve maa\u015fla medreselere ba\u011flay\u0131p denetim alt\u0131nda tutmak ve b\u00f6ylece devlete kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fabilecek tehlikenin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<br>Devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bilim severli\u011finin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>2. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan\u2019dan (551-588\/1156-1192) itibaren b\u00fct\u00fcn Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 ve ileri gelenleri taraf\u0131ndan medreseler yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n en eskisi 2. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan devrinde \u201cipek\u00e7i\u201d diye me\u015fhur olan \u015eemseddin Ebu Said Altun Aba Medresesi\u2019dir. Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fa ettikleri ba\u015fl\u0131ca medreseler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Konya Sultaniye Medresesi (650-651\/1252-1253), Karatay Medresesi (649-1251), \u0130nce Minareli Medresesi (649-1251), Kayseri Hunat (Hond) Hatun Medresesi (635-636\/1237-1238), Sahibiyye Medresesi (665-666\/1267-1268), Sivas G\u00f6k Medresesi (670\/1271), Burciye Medresesi (670-671\/1211-1220), Antalya Ertoku\u015f medresesi (621\/1224).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu medreseleri yap\u0131 itibar\u0131yla avlulu ve kubbeli olmak \u00fczere iki k\u0131s\u0131mda incelenir. Medresenin b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini ise avlu, eyvan, mescid, t\u00fcrbe, talebe odalar\u0131, k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k dershane, havuz ve \u00e7e\u015fme olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131. Medreselere ba\u011fl\u0131 kurumlar\u0131 ise mescit ve camiler, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, hastaneler, tekke ve zaviyeler, &nbsp;vak\u0131f ve imaretler olu\u015ftururdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"OSMANLI_DONEMINDE_MEDRESELER\"><strong>OSMANLI D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDE MEDRESELER<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Medreseler, Sel\u00e7uklularda oldu\u011fu gibi Osmanl\u0131larda da padi\u015fahlar, vezirler, han\u0131m-sultanlar, \u015fehzadeler, beyler ve alimler taraf\u0131ndan kurulmaktayd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 beyli\u011finin kurulu\u015fundan yakla\u015f\u0131k 32 y\u0131l sonra ilk Osmanl\u0131 medresesi Orhan Gazi taraf\u0131ndan (730\/1331) \u0130znik\u2019te in\u015fa edildi. Zamanla medreselerin say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131nca, te\u015fkilatlanma ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011fdu. Te\u015fkilatlanma y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Osmanl\u0131 medreselerini be\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmde incelemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130znik\u2019te Orhaniye Medresesi\u2019nin Kurulu\u015fundan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayez\u0131d Devrine Kadar Olan Osmanl\u0131 Medreseleri: (1331-1402)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Orta ve y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Osmanl\u0131 medreselerinin ilki, Orhan Gazi taraf\u0131ndan (731\/1330) \u0130znik\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Orhan Gazi bu medrese i\u00e7in vak\u0131flar kurmu\u015ftu. Geliri, medrese, m\u00fcderris ve talebeye tahsis edilen vak\u0131f k\u00f6yler, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc &#8220;Tek\u00e2lif-i \u00d6rfiyye&#8221;den (\u00d6rf\u00ee vergiler) muaft\u0131lar. Yetmi\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan bu devirde Osmanl\u0131 medreseleri kurulu\u015f merhalelerini tamamlam\u0131\u015f ve Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayez\u0131d devrinde ilk defa te\u015fkilatlanmaya tabi tutulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1402\u2019den Semaniye Medreselerinin Kurulu\u015fna Kadar Olan Osmanl\u0131 Medreseleri: (1402-1471)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu devrede Semaniye\u2019nin kurulu\u015fuyla ikinci ve as\u0131l te\u015fkilatlanma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu devir medreselerin geli\u015fme devridir. Fatih sultan Mehmet Sahn-\u0131 Seman Medreselerini yapt\u0131r\u0131nca medreseler yeniden te\u015fkilatlanmaya tabi tutulmu\u015f ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"HASIYE-I_TECRiD_YIRMILI_MEDRESELERI\"><strong>H\u00c2\u015e\u0130YE-\u0130 TECR\u00eeD (Y\u0130RM\u0130L\u0130) MEDRESELER\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 medrese sisteminde ilk a\u015fama ve m\u00fcderrislik derecesidir. Hocalar\u0131na g\u00fcnl\u00fck 20 ak\u00e7e verilirdi. \u201cYirmili medrese\u201d de denilen H\u00e2\u015fiye-i Tecrid ile bunun devam\u0131 olan miftah, \u201da\u015fa\u011f\u0131 dereceli\u201d medreseler olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bu e\u011fitim a\u015famas\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131, N\u00e2siruddin Tus\u00ee&#8217;nin Tecridu&#8217;l-Itikad veya Tecridu&#8217;l-Kel\u00e2m adli eseri \u00fczerine Seyyid \u015eerif C\u00fcrcan\u00ee&#8217;nin Ha\u015fiye-i Tecrid adl\u0131 eserinden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00e2\u015fiye-i Tecrid adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n okutulmas\u0131na, felsefe i\u00e7erikli olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun yerine Hidaye ekmel dersleri okutulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131, ama medresenin ad\u0131 H\u00e2\u015fiye-i Tecrid olarak kald\u0131. Medrese Kanunnamesine g\u00f6re okuma s\u00fcresi yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131l olan H\u00e2\u015fiye-i Tecrid\u2019de muhtarasat ya da ul\u00fbm-\u0131 c\u00fcz\u2019iye denen sarf, nahiv, hesap, hendese derslerinin en basit bilgileri verilir, bu eserlerden ba\u015fka yine Seyyid Serif&#8217;in f\u0131kha dair olan \u015eerh-i Feraiz&#8217;i ve Sa&#8217;d\u00fcddin Teftazan\u00ee&#8217;nin bela\u011fata dair Mutavvel&#8217;i okutulurdu. Bu medreseyi tamamlayanlar Miftah Medresesine ge\u00e7erlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"MIFTAH_OTUZLU_MEDRESELERI\"><strong>M\u0130FTAH (OTUZLU) MEDRESELER\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu medreseler Sa&#8217;d\u00fcddin Teftazan\u00ee&#8217;nin bela\u011fata dair eseri olan &#8220;\u015eerh-i Miftah&#8221;\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu medreselerin tahsil m\u00fcddeti \u00f6nceleri iki sene iken sonralar\u0131 bir seneden daha aza d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Buralarda ders kitab\u0131 olarak f\u0131k\u0131hta Tenk\u00eeh ve Tavdih, bela\u011fatta \u015eerh-i Mift\u00e2h, kel\u00e2mda H\u00e2\u015fiye-i Tecr\u00eed\u2019in kalan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131, hadiste Mes\u00e2b\u00eeh, H\u00e2\u015fiye-i Tec-r\u00eed\u2019den Um\u00fbr-i Ammeden v\u00fccut ve imk\u00e2n bahsine kadar, &nbsp;Sadr-\u00fc\u015f-\u015fer\u00eea\u2019dan Kit\u00e2b-\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019a kadar, \u015eerh-i mift\u00e2h\u2019dan Meb\u00e2his-i ic\u00e2b ve itr\u00e2b\u2019a kadar ve Mes\u00e2bih de iki kere okutulurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"TELVIH_KIRKLI_MEDRESELERI\"><strong>TELV\u0130H (KIRKLI) MEDRESELER\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Medrese Kanunnamesine g\u00f6re k\u0131rkl\u0131 medrese, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 dereceli medreselerin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ve son a\u015famas\u0131yd\u0131. Buradan as\u0131l medrese a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n ilki olan Hari\u00e7 Medresesine ge\u00e7ilirdi. K\u0131rkl\u0131 medresede okutulan ana ders, Sadeddin Taftazani\u2019nin Telvih adl\u0131 f\u0131k\u0131h kitab\u0131yd\u0131. Bu medreselerde bela\u011fattan Miftahu&#8217;l-Ul\u00fbm, us\u00fbl-i f\u0131k\u0131htan Tavzih, f\u0131k\u0131htan Radiyuddin Hasan Sa\u011fan\u00ee&#8217;nin Me\u015f\u00e2r\u00eek u Envari&#8217;n-Nebeviyye&#8217;si, Sadru\u015f\u015feria Ubeydullah b. Ishak\u00ee&#8217;nin Mes\u00e2r\u00eek&#8217;i, hadisten de Be\u011fav\u00ee&#8217;nin Mes\u00e2b\u00eeh adl\u0131 eseri okutuluyordu. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlardan ba\u015fka daha farkl\u0131 eserler de ders kitab\u0131 olarak takip edilmi\u015fti. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olanlar Hari\u00e7 Elli M\u00fcderrisli\u011fine y\u00fckselir, isteyenler de kad\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7erlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"ELLILI_MEDRESELERI\"><strong>ELL\u0130L\u0130 MEDRESELER\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fcderrislerine g\u00fcnl\u00fck 50 ak\u00e7e verilen bu medreseler &#8220;Hari\u00e7&#8221; ve &#8220;D\u00e2hil&#8221; olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. K\u0131rkl\u0131 ve Hari\u00e7 Ellili medreseler, Osmanl\u0131lardan daha \u00f6nceki devirlerde Anadolu&#8217;da h\u00fck\u00fcmran olan Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 ile Beyliklerin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar aileleri ve vezirlerinin yapt\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 medreselerdir. Ellili medreselerin Hari\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde: F\u0131k\u0131h\u2019tan Hid\u00e2ye; Kel\u00e2m\u2019dan \u015eerh-i Mev\u00e2k\u0131f; Hadis\u2019ten Mes\u00e2b\u00eeh (Be\u011fav\u00ee) okutuluyordu. D\u00e2hil medreseleri ise Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131 ile \u015fehzade valideleri, \u015fehzadeler ve padi\u015fah k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 medreselerdir. D\u00e2hil medreselerinde tahsil m\u00fcddeti \u00f6nceleri bir y\u0131lken sonra alt\u0131 aya indirildi. Tedrisatta okutulan dersler ve kitaplar: F\u0131k\u0131htan Hid\u00e2ye; usul-i f\u0131k\u0131htan Telv\u00eeh; hadisten Buh\u00e2r\u00ee; tefsirden Ke\u015f\u015f\u00e2f ve Beyd\u00e2v\u00ee okutuluyordu. Bu eserlerden Buh\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019nin birinci cildi; Hid\u00e2ye\u2019nin \u201cKitab-\u0131 Zek\u00e2t\u2019tan, Kitab-\u0131 Hacc\u2019a kadar olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Telv\u00eeh ba\u015ftan Taksim-i Evvel\u2019e kadar okutuluyordu. Bu medreselerden sonra en y\u00fcksek tahsil yolu olan Sahn-\u0131 Seman medreselerine ge\u00e7ilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"SAHN-I_SEMAN_MEDRESELERI\"><strong>SAHN-I SEM\u00c2N MEDRESELER\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sahn-\u0131 Sem\u00e2n, Fatih Sultan Mehmed&#8217;in \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurdu\u011fu k\u00fclliyede bulunan sekiz medresenin ismidir. Fatih Cami\u2019nin yerinde \u00f6nceleri \u0130mparator J\u00fcstinyen\u2019in zevcesi Teodora taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Havariyun (Saints Apotres) kilisesi harabesi vard\u0131. Buras\u0131 Rum Ortodoks Patri\u011finin bulundu\u011fu yerdi. Caminin do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 taraflar\u0131na yapt\u0131r\u0131lan sekiz medreseye Medaris-i Sem\u00e2niye, daha sonra maruf tabiriyle Sahn Medreseleri denildi. Medreselerin programlar\u0131n\u0131 Mahmut Pa\u015fa ile me\u015fhur heyet \u00e2limi Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u tertip etmi\u015flerdir. M\u00fcderrislerine 50, muidlerine (m\u00fczakereci) be\u015fer ak\u00e7e yevmiye verilirdi. Kanun\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman taraf\u0131ndan S\u00fcleymaniye Medreseleri kuruluncaya kadar en y\u00fcksek tahsil veren e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"ALTMISLI_MEDRESELERI\"><strong>ALTMI\u015eLI MEDRESELER\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fcderrisine g\u00fcnl\u00fck 60 ak\u00e7e verilen medreselerdir. Fatih Sultan Mehmed devrinde sadece Ayasofya Medresesi m\u00fcderrislerine 60 ve daha yukar\u0131 ak\u00e7e (Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u\u2019ya 200 ak\u00e7e ) verilirken, II. Bayez\u0131d Molla L\u00fctfi\u2019yi Bursa\u2019daki Muradiye Medresesi\u2019ne g\u00fcnl\u00fck 60 ak\u00e7e ile tayin etmi\u015fti. Bu medreselerin tahsil m\u00fcddeti bir senedir. Okunan dersler \u015funlard\u0131: F\u0131k\u0131htan Hidaye ve \u015eerh-i Feraiz, Usul-i f\u0131k\u0131htan Telvih, kelamdan \u015eerh-i Mevak\u0131f, hadisten Buhari, tefsirden Ke\u015f\u015faf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sem\u00e2niye Medreselerinin Kurulu\u015fundan S\u00fcleymaniye Medreselerinin Kurulu\u015funa Kadar Osmanl\u0131 Medreseleri: (1471-1557)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"SULEYMANIYE_MEDRESELERI\"><strong>S\u00dcLEYMAN\u0130YE MEDRESELER\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yakla\u015f\u0131k 86 y\u0131ll\u0131k bu devir, medreselerin y\u00fckselme ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 devirdir. Osmanl\u0131 medrese sistemindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmelerden biri de, Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman d\u00f6neminde meydana gelmi\u015fti. Kanuni devri, her sahada oldu\u011fu gibi medrese te\u015fkilat\u0131nda da zirveyi ifade etmi\u015ftir. Fatih Sultan Mehmed&#8217;in Sahn-\u0131 Sem\u00e2n medreselerinde D\u00e2ru&#8217;\u015f-\u015fifa olmakla beraber hen\u00fcz t\u0131p ve matematik fak\u00fclteleri yoktu. Bu medreselerde tefsir, hadis, kel\u00e2m ve edebiyat gibi dersler okutuluyordu. Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman taraf\u0131ndan v\u00fccuda getirilen medreseler manzumesi (\u00fcniversite), D\u00e2ru&#8217;l-hadis, t\u0131p, riyaziye, tabiiyye, din, hukuk ve edebi tedrisat yap\u0131lan fak\u00fcltelerden te\u015fekk\u00fcl ediyordu. Ayr\u0131ca hastane, imaret, hamam, tabh\u00e2ne vesaire m\u00fc\u015ftemilat, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu k\u00fclliyeyi meydana getirmi\u015fti. Hari\u00e7 ve D\u00e2hil derslerini g\u00f6ren bir \u00f6\u011frenci Hukuk, \u0130l\u00e2hiyat ve Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi durumunda bulunan Sahn-\u0131 Sem\u00e2n medreselerine girmeyerek Riyaziyat ve T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi derslerini takip edecekse Musila-i S\u00fcleymaniye denilen medreselere devam eder, buradan mezun olduktan sonra S\u00fcleymaniye Medresesi&#8217;ne devam edip y\u00fcksek tahsil yapabilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00f6yle bir sistemle Kanuni, bir taraftan Sahn-\u0131 Sem\u00e2n medreselerinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde medreseler kurmay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirken, bir taraftan da Osmanl\u0131 medreselerinin payelerini yeni bir sisteme g\u00f6re tanzim etmi\u015f oluyordu. Buna g\u00f6re Osmanl\u0131 medreselerinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru \u015fu \u015fekli ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>1. \u0130btida-i H\u00e2ric Medreseleri<br>2. Hareket-i H\u00e2ric Medreseleri<br>3. \u0130btida-i D\u00e2hil Medreseleri<br>4. Hareket-i D\u00e2hil Medreseleri<br>5. Musila-i Sahn Medreseleri<br>6. Sahn-\u0131 Sem\u00e2n Medreseleri<br>7. \u0130btida-i Altm\u0131\u015fl\u0131 Medreseleri<br>8. Hareket-i Altm\u0131\u015fl\u0131 Medreseleri<br>9. Musila-i S\u00fcleymaniye Medreseleri<br>10. Hamise-i S\u00fcleymaniye Medreseleri<br>11. D\u00e2ru&#8217;l-Hadis Medreseleri<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>S\u00fcleymaniye Medreselerinin Kurulu\u015fundan 2. Me\u015frutiyete Kadar Osmanl\u0131 Medreseleri: (1557-1908)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medreselerinin en uzun devrini (351) te\u015fkil eden bu devir, duraklama-gerileme-\u00e7\u00f6kme devridir. \u00dc\u00e7 asr\u0131 a\u015fan bu devirde medreseler, al\u0131nan onca \u00f6nleme ra\u011fmen kendilerini yenileyememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Me\u015frutiyetten Kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na Kadar Osmanl\u0131 Medreseleri: (1908-1924)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Son devrini te\u015fkil eden bu d\u00f6nem medreselerin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve be\u015finci te\u015fkilatlanmalar\u0131n\u0131 yaparak kendilerini yenilemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, fakat ba\u015faramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 son devirdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019ten sonra, medreselerin \u0131slah\u0131 fikri yeniden ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130lk resmi te\u015febb\u00fcs 1909\u2019da Fatih Tabhane Medresesi\u2019nde yap\u0131ld\u0131, ancak bir netice \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131. D\u00f6rt senelik u\u011fra\u015flar sonunda \u015eeyhulislam ve Evkaf Naz\u0131r\u0131 Mustafa Hayri Efendi zaman\u0131nda (10 Zilkade 1332-29 Eyl\u00fcl 1914) medreselerin D\u00e2rulhilafeti\u2019l- \u00c2liyye Medresesi ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirilmesine karar verildi. Nizam-name gere\u011fince, medrese, her biri bir umum m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn idaresine tevdi edilen \u015fu \u00fc\u00e7 devreden meydana geliyordu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>T\u00e2li K\u0131sm-\u0131 Evvel<br>T\u00e2li K\u0131sm-\u0131 Sani<br>\u00c2li<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Her devrenin \u00f6\u011frenim s\u00fcresi d\u00f6rt sene olarak belirlendi. Taliye k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bitirenlere \u015fahadet name, \u00c2li k\u0131sm\u0131 bitirenlere icazet name veriliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e2rulhilafeti\u2019l- \u00c2liyye\u2019den ayr\u0131 olarak iki y\u0131ll\u0131k tahsil s\u00fcresi olan Medreset\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fctehass\u0131s\u00een olu\u015fturuldu. Mustafa K\u00e2z\u0131m Efendi\u2019nin me\u015fihat\u0131nda (1915), \u0130btida-i Haric, \u0130btida-i Dahil ve Sahn isimleri verildi. Medreset\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131n ise S\u00fcleymaniye Medresesi ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Darulhilafeti\u2019l- \u00c2liyye Medresesi umumi ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanan medreseler \u015funlard\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u0130hzari<br>\u0130btida-i Haric-Tali K\u0131sm-\u0131 Evvel\u0130btida-i Dahil-Tali K\u0131sm-\u0131 Sani<br>Sahn-K\u0131sm-\u0131 \u00c2li<br>S\u00fcleymaniye-Medreset\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fctehass\u0131s\u00een<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Medreseler, Cumhuriyetten sonra 430 say\u0131 3 Mart 1340\/1924 tarihli Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanununa g\u00f6re Maarif Vek\u00e2letine devredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Not<\/strong>: Cevat \u0130zgi, Osmanl\u0131 Medreselerinde \u0130lim adl\u0131 eseri s.37\u2019de Hamise-i S\u00fcleymaniye\u2019nin r\u00fctbe olarak say\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131lar:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/siirt-medreselerini-geziyorum-4\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Siirt Medreselerinde Reform Aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131\">Siirt Medreselerin Reform Aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131<br><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/siirt-medreselerini-geziyorum-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\u015eeyh Bedreddin Medresesi\">\u015eeyh Bedreddin Medresesi<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/siirt-medreselerini-geziyorum-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\u015eeyh Muhyiddin Medresesi\">\u015eeyh Muhyiddin Medresesi<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Kaynakca\"><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin \u0130lmiye Te\u015fkilat\u0131<br>Diyanet \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi<br>\u015eanal, M. (1998), E\u015frefz\u00e2de Mehmet \u015eevket\u00ee\u2019nin E\u011fitim Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri, (Yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi), Kayseri, Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc.<br>Ta\u015fdemirci, E. (1989), \u201cMedreselerin Do\u011fu\u015f Kaynaklar\u0131 ve \u0130lk Zamanlar\u0131\u201d, Kayseri, Erciyes \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi, Say\u0131:3<br>G\u00fcven. \u0130, T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131nda Medreseler<br>\u0130zgi, Cevat, Osmanl\u0131 Medreselerinde \u0130lim<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130&ccedil;indekilerG\u0130R\u0130\u015eOSMANLI D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDE MEDRESELERH\u00c2\u015e\u0130YE-\u0130 TECR\u00eeD (Y\u0130RM\u0130L\u0130) MEDRESELER\u0130M\u0130FTAH (OTUZLU) MEDRESELER\u0130TELV\u0130H (KIRKLI) MEDRESELER\u0130ELL\u0130L\u0130 MEDRESELER\u0130SAHN-I SEM\u00c2N MEDRESELER\u0130ALTMI\u015eLI MEDRESELER\u0130S\u00dcLEYMAN\u0130YE MEDRESELER\u0130Kaynak\u00e7a G\u0130R\u0130\u015e B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc veziri Nizam\u00fclm\u00fclk\u2019\u00fcn ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 medrese bina etme gelene\u011fi, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131. Yap\u0131lan medreseler \u00f6rne\u011fini Nizamiye\u2019den al\u0131yordu. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklulardan sonra Zengiler ve Eyy\u00fcbiler devrinde Suriye ve Irak\u2019ta Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Anadolu\u2019da di\u011fer T\u00fcrk ve \u0130slam devletlerince de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":4255,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[598],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3713"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3713"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5129,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3713\/revisions\/5129"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4255"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}