{"id":3783,"date":"2020-09-09T12:08:38","date_gmt":"2020-09-09T09:08:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=3783"},"modified":"2022-10-11T16:18:40","modified_gmt":"2022-10-11T13:18:40","slug":"maliki-mezhebinin-temel-kaynak-eserleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/maliki-mezhebinin-temel-kaynak-eserleri\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e2lik\u00ee Mezhebinin Temel Kaynak Eserleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1– el-Muvatta<\/strong>: Hicret diy\u00e2r\u0131 Med\u00eene\u2019nin \u0130mam\u0131 M\u00e2lik b. Enes (r.a.) bu eserinde f\u0131kh\u00ee mezhebinin istin\u00e2d etti\u011fi b\u00e2z\u0131 merf\u00fb, mevk\u00fbf ve makt\u00fb had\u00eesleri riv\u00e2yet etmekte ve bunlar \u00fczerinden f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Muvatta\u2019da \u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik\u2019in bey\u00e2n etti\u011fi f\u0131kh\u00ee istinbatlar ve onun ictihadlar\u0131 riv\u00e2yetlerden daha fazla yek\u00fbn tutmaktad\u0131r. O had\u00ees kitab\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar bir f\u0131k\u0131h kitab\u0131d\u0131r. Bu itib\u00e2rla \u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik\u2019in Muvatta\u2018\u0131 riv\u00e2yet y\u00f6n\u00fc a\u011f\u0131r basan erken d\u00f6neme \u00e2it bir f\u0131k\u0131h eseri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Muvatta\u2019\u0131n bir\u00e7ok riv\u00e2yeti bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan en me\u015fh\u00fbru Yahy\u00e2 b. Yahy\u00e2 el-Leys\u00ee (v.234)\u2019nin riv\u00e2yetidir. \u00dczerine bir\u00e7ok \u015ferh yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En me\u015fhurlar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a-el-\u0130stizk\u00e2r f\u00ee \u015eerhi Mez\u00e2hibi Ulem\u00e2i\u2019l-Ems\u00e2r mimm\u00e2 Rasemehu\u2019l-\u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik fi\u2019l-Muvattai mine\u2019r-Re\u2019y ve\u2019l-\u00c2s\u00e2r: <\/strong>Ma\u011fribin\/End\u00fcl\u00fcsun H\u00e2f\u0131z\u0131 Y\u00fbsuf b. \u0130bn Abdilberr (v.463\/1071)\u2019in muazzam eserlerindendir. Onun f\u0131k\u0131h y\u00f6n\u00fc daha a\u011farl\u0131kl\u0131 olan \u015ferhidir. 30 cild olarak bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b-et-Temh\u00eed lim\u00e2 fi\u2019l-Muvattai mine\u2019l-Me\u2019\u00e2n\u00ee ve\u2019l-Es\u00e2n\u00eed:<\/strong> H\u00e2f\u0131z \u0130bn Abdilberr\u2019in had\u00ees\/riv\u00e2yet y\u00f6n\u00fc a\u011f\u0131r basan \u015ferhidir. H\u00e2f\u0131z bu \u015ferhi 30 y\u0131lda haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3 cildi fihrist olmak \u00fczere 26 cildde bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[1]<\/a>. \u0130bn Abdilberr daha sonra bu eserini et-Tekass\u00ee fi\u2019l-Had\u00eesi\u2019n-Nebev\u00ee<\/em> ismiyle ihtis\u00e2r etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c-Tenv\u00eeru\u2019l-Mes\u00e2lik:<\/strong> \u0130m\u00e2m Suy\u00fbt\u00ee (v.911)\u2019nin bir \u00e7ok kez bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Muvatta\u2018 \u015ferhidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d-\u015eerhu\u2019l-Muvatta<\/strong>\u2018: Muhammed b. Abdulb\u00e2k\u00ee ez-Z\u00fcrk\u00e2n\u00ee (v.1122)\u2019nin bu \u015ferhi de bir \u00e7ok kez bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e-Evcez\u00fc\u2019l-Mes\u00e2lik<\/strong>: Hindistan ulem\u00e2s\u0131ndan Muhammed Zekeriyy\u00e2 b. Muhammed el-Kandehlev\u00ee\u2019ni bu \u015ferhi Dehl\u00ee\u2019de 15 cild olarak bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-el-M\u00fcdevvene<\/strong>(tu\u2019l-Kubra<\/strong>): Abdussel\u00e2m b. Sa\u2019\u00eed es-Sahn\u00fbn\/Suhn\u00fbn(v.240\/854)\u2019un te\u2019l\u00eefidir. M\u00e2lik\u00ee mezhebinin en temel f\u0131k\u0131h kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. El-M\u00fcdevvene<\/em>\u2019nin asl\u0131 el-Esediyye<\/em> meseleleridir. es-Sahn\u00fbn bu meseleleri Esed b. El-Fur\u00e2t\u2019tan \u00f6\u011frenerek yazm\u0131\u015f, sonra da kendisi \u0130bnu\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m (v.191\/806)\u2019a giderek bunlar\u0131 arz etmi\u015ftir. \u0130bnu\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131mda b\u00e2z\u0131 meselelerin d\u00fczeltilmesi ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Sahn\u00fbn bunlara \u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik\u2019in talebelerinden \u0130bn Vehb ve E\u015fheb\u2019den \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi b\u00e2z\u0131 meseleleri de eklemi\u015f ve kimi meseleleri kendi riv\u00e2yet etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu had\u00ees ve \u00e2s\u00e2r ile delillendirmi\u015ftir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 4 bin hadis, 36 bin sah\u00e2be kavli ile birlikte \u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik\u2019in 40.000 i\u00e7tih\u00e2d\u0131n\u0131 ihtiv\u00e2 etti\u011fi if\u00e2de edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- el-Esediyye<\/strong>: \u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik\u2019in talebesi, Muvatta\u2018\u0131n r\u00e2v\u00eesi, Sak\u0131l\u0131yye adas\u0131 f\u00e2tihi Eb\u00fb Abdullah Esed b. el-Fur\u00e2t el-Harr\u00e2n\u00ee el-Ma\u011frib\u00ee (v.213\/828)\u2019nin te\u2019l\u00eefidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Te\u2019lif edilme k\u0131ssas\u0131:<\/strong> Esed b. Fur\u00e2t \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor: \u201cM\u00e2lik\u2019in talebelerinden \u0130bnu\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m ve di\u011ferleri benden ona soru sormam\u0131 istiyorlard\u0131; o, soruma cevap verince bana: \u2018O\u2019na de ki: \u2018E\u011fer\/Ya \u015f\u00f6yle olursa (ne dersin)?\u2019 diyorlard\u0131.  Ben de bunu yap\u0131yordum. Bir g\u00fcn M\u00e2lik (r.a.) bana dayanamay\u0131p k\u0131zd\u0131: \u2018Bu pe\u015fpe\u015fe zincirin halkalar\u0131 (gibi sorular da nedir?), e\u011fer bunu istiyorsan Irak\u2019a gitmelisin\u2019 dedi.\u201d Bunun \u00fczerine hocas\u0131n\u0131n tavsiyesine uyan Esed b. Fur\u00e2t Irak\u2019a giderek \u0130m\u00e2m Eb\u00fb Y\u00fbs\u00fbf ve Muhammed\u2019den riv\u00e2yette bulunmu\u015f ve uzun s\u00fcre \u0130m\u00e2m Muhammed\u2019in yan\u0131nda kalarak onlardan \u0130m\u00e2m Eb\u00fb Han\u00eefe\u2019nin f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. \u0130m\u00e2m Muhammed bu esn\u00e2da nafakas\u0131 biten azimli talebesi Esed b. Furat\u2019a, devlet erk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n 10.000 dirhem vermesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Irak\u2019tan d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra \u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik\u2019in talebesi Abdullah b. Vehb\u2019e Eb\u00fb Han\u00eefe\u2019den yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve ayn\u0131 meseleleri \u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik\u2019in mezhebine g\u00f6re cevapland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015f, \u0130bn Vehb ise bunu kabul etmemi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 teklifi \u0130bnu\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m\u2019a sunmu\u015f, o da bu meselelere \u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik\u2019in \u2013kendisinden ezberledi\u011fi- g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle y\u00e2hut onun t\u00e2kip etti\u011fi y\u00f6ntemi\/kav\u00e2idi esas alarak cevapland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu meselelere el-Esediyye<\/em> denmektedir. \u0130\u015fte es-Sahn\u00fbn bu meseleleri Esed b. El-Fur\u00e2t\u2019tan \u00f6\u011frenerek yazm\u0131\u015f, sonra da kendisi \u0130bnu\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m\u2019a giderek bunlar\u0131 arz etmi\u015ftir. \u0130bnu\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m b\u00e2z\u0131 meselelerin d\u00fczeltilmesi ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. \u0130bnu\u2019l-Fur\u00e2t\u2019a da meselelerini Sahn\u00fbn\u2019un n\u00fcshas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O ise buna r\u00e2z\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tavr\u0131 \u0130bnu\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m\u2019a ula\u015f\u0131nca elem duymu\u015f ve \u2018All\u00e2h\u0131m, onun Esediyye\u2019sini bereketli k\u0131lma\u2019 diye beddua etmi\u015ftir. \u0130bnu\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m\u2019\u0131n bu beddu\u00e2s\u0131 sebebiyle el-Esediyye<\/em>\u2019nin mezhebde itibar g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi ve yay\u0131lmay\u0131p kayboldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4-el-V\u00e2d\u0131ha<\/strong>: Abdulmelik b. Hab\u00eeb (v.238)\u2019in bu eseri el-M\u00fcdevvene<\/em>\u2019den sonra mezhebin ikinci temel mu\u2019teber kayna\u011f\u0131 kabul edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5-el-Utbiyye<\/strong>: Muhammed b. Abdulaz\u00eez el-Utb\u00ee el-Kurtub\u00ee (v.255)\u2019ye \u00e2ittir. \u0130bn Hazm\u2019\u0131n B\u00fcst\u00e2nu\u2019l-Muhaddis\u00een<\/em>\u2019de belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re Afrika\u2019daki ilim ehli kat\u0131nda (el-V\u00e2d\u0131ha<\/em> \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f) el-M\u00fcstahrece<\/strong> diye an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- el-Mevv\u00e2ziyye<\/strong>: \u0130bnu\u2019l-Mevv\u00e2z diye me\u015fh\u00fbr Muhammed b. \u0130br\u00e2him b. Ziy\u00e2d el-\u0130skender\u00ee (v.269)\u2019nin te\u2019l\u00eefidir. H\u00e2f\u0131z el-K\u00e2bis\u00ee (v.403) bu eseri mezhebin di\u011fer temel kaynaklar\u0131na terc\u00eeh etmektedir. \u0130bnu\u2019l-Mevv\u00e2z bu eserinde di\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131 olarak mezhebin us\u00fbl\u00fc\/genel k\u00e2ideleri \u00fczerine fur\u00fb\u2018 meseleleri bin\u00e2 etmeyi hedeflemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6-el-Mebs\u00fbt<\/strong>: K\u00e2d\u00ee \u0130sm\u00e2\u00eel b. \u0130sh\u00e2k (v.282) bu eseri M\u00e2lik\u00ee mezhebini Ba\u011fd\u00e2d kolunun usl\u00fbbunu yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. M\u00fcellifi mezehebde m\u00fcctehid imamlardan say\u0131l\u0131r. Eseri bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7-el-M\u00fcntehab<\/strong>:  Muhammed b. Yahy\u00e2 b. \u00d6mer b. L\u00fcb\u00e2be el-Kurtub\u00ee (v.314)\u2019nin eseridir. \u0130bn Hazm bu eserin, mezhebin riv\u00e2yetlerini bir araya getirme, aralar\u0131n\u0131 te\u2019l\u00eef etme ve kapal\u0131 meseleleri a\u00e7\u0131klama bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en se\u00e7kin kitab\u0131 oldu\u011funu if\u00e2de etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8- er-Ris\u00e2le<\/strong>: \u0130bn Ebi\u2019z-Zeyd el-Kayrav\u00e2n\u00ee (v.386\/996)\u2019nin bu eseri, biraz sonra \u00f6zel olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131p tan\u0131t\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9- en-Nev\u00e2dir ve\u2019z-Ziy\u00e2d\u00e2t al \u00e2m\u00e2 fi\u2019l-M\u00fcdevveneti min \u011fayrih\u00e2 mine\u2019l-\u00dcmmeh\u00e2t min Mes\u00e2ili M\u00e2lik ve Ash\u00e2b<\/strong>: Yine \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Zeyd\u2019e \u00e2it olan bu eser, \u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik\u2019in ictihadlar\u0131n\u0131n ve M\u00e2lik\u00ee mezhebinin birincil temel kayna\u011f\u0131 kabul edilen el-M\u00fcdevvene\u2019de bulunmay\u0131p, ondan sonra gelen di\u011fer temel kaynaklarda[2]<\/a> ge\u00e7en meseleleri kendisinde toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna il\u00e2veten eserde, \u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik\u2019inin talebelerinin tedvin etti\u011fi ve ilk metinlere kaynakl\u0131k eden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc-b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc bir\u00e7ok derlemeye de at\u0131fta bulunulmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Zeyd kendisinden ya\u015f\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck mu\u00e2s\u0131r M\u00e2lik\u00ee fakihlerinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de kitaplar\u0131na at\u0131f bulunarak aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece bu eser M\u00e2lik\u00ee mezhebinde el-M\u00fcdevvene tedris\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015f, mezheb f\u0131kh\u0131nda derinle\u015fmek isteyen daha \u00fcst d\u00fczey ilim ehline hit\u00e2b eden bir nevi ansiklopedik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olmu\u015ftur. Bir cild fihristle birlikte 15 cild olarak ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

10-el-Bey\u00e2n ve\u2019t-Tahs\u00eel ve\u2019\u015f-\u015eerh ve\u2019t-Tevc\u00eeh ve\u2019t-Ta\u2018l\u00eelfi\u2019l-Mes\u00e2ili\u2019l-M\u00fcstahrace<\/strong>: Ebu\u2019l-Vel\u00eed Muhammed (Dede\/K\u00e2d\u00ee) \u0130bnu R\u00fc\u015fd (v.520\/1126)\u2019e \u00e2ittir. Mezhebin birinci derece kaynaklar\u0131ndan el-Utbiyye<\/em>\u2019nin geni\u015f bir \u015ferhidir.  Bir ekip taraf\u0131ndan tahk\u00eek edilerek 19 cild olarak ne\u015fri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

11-Bid\u00e2yetu\u2019l-M\u00fcctehid:<\/strong>K\u00e2d\u00ee Ebu\u2019l-Vel\u00eed\u2019in torunu filozof \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd(v.595)\u2019e \u00e2it bu eser, muhtasar bir muk\u00e2ren f\u0131k\u0131h kitab\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fcellifi M\u00e2lik\u00ee mezhebinin yan\u0131nda di\u011fer m\u00fc\u00e7tehitlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de \u00f6zet bir \u015fekilde arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12-ez-Zeh\u00eera<\/strong>: \u015eih\u00e2budd\u00een el-Kar\u00e2f\u00ee(v.684)\u2019nin k\u0131ymetli te\u2019l\u00eef\u00e2t\u0131ndand\u0131r. 14 cild h\u00e2linde tahk\u00eekli bask\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

13-el-Muhtasar\/C\u00e2miu\u2019l-\u00dcmm\u00fch\u00e2t:<\/strong> \u0130bnu\u2019l-H\u00e2cib el-M\u0131sr\u00ee el-M\u00e2lik\u00ee(v.646\/1249) bu eserini M\u00e2lik\u00ee f\u0131kh\u0131na d\u00e2ir 60 kitabtan ihtis\u00e2r etmi\u015ftir. Takr\u00eeb\u00ee 40.000 meseleyi ihtiv\u00e2 etmektedir. Do\u011fuda ve bat\u0131da bir\u00e7ok \u00e2lim kendisine itim\u00e2d etmi\u015f ve \u00fczerine \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u015ferh yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk kez Bulak\u2019ta 1318\u2019de bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra ise bir\u00e7ok bask\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.[6]<\/a>ed-D\u00eeb\u00e2c<\/em> yazar\u0131 \u0130bn Ferh\u00fbn\u2019un if\u00e2desine g\u00f6re en el-Muhtasar<\/em>\u2019\u0131n \u015ferhlerinin en g\u00fczeli \u0130bn Abdissel\u00e2m(v_749)\u2019in \u2018Tenb\u00eehu\u2019t-T\u00e2lib li Fehmi \u0130bni\u2019l-H\u00e2cib\u2019<\/em><\/strong>isimli eseridir. Ancak bu \u015ferh h\u00e2len matb\u00fb de\u011fildir.[7]<\/a>En me\u015fhur \u015ferhi ise, daha sonra M\u00e2lik\u00ee mezhebinin en me\u015fhur Muhtasar<\/em> metnin s\u00e2hibi olan Hal\u00eel b. \u0130sh\u00e2k el-Cund\u00ee\u2019ye \u00e2it et-Tavd\u00eeh f\u00ee \u015eerhi\u2019l-Muhtasar\u0131\u2019l-Fer\u2019\u00ee\u2019<\/em><\/strong>dir.[8]<\/a>Bedrudd\u00een el-Kar\u00e2f\u00ee(v_1008), hocas\u0131 N\u00fbrudd\u00een Muhammed b. Hasen el-Lakk\u00e2n\u00ee(v_958)\u2019nin kendisine \u00e2it et-Tavd\u00eeh<\/em> n\u00fcshas\u0131 \u00fczerine talebelerine C\u00e2miu\u2019l-\u00dc<\/em>mm\u00fch\u00e2t<\/em>\u2019\u0131 okuturken serpi\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00eez\u00e2hat\u0131n\u0131, hocas\u0131n\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra ihr\u00e2c ederek derlemi\u015f ve iki ciltlik nef\u00ees bir h\u00e2\u015fiye olu\u015ftu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir.[9]<\/a> Bu h\u00e2\u015fiye bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla h\u00e2len el yazmad\u0131r.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130bn Ferh\u00fbn da kendisinden \u00f6nce te\u2019l\u00eef edilen \u015ferhlerin hul\u00e2sas\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getirerek \u2018Tesh\u00eelu\u2019l-M\u00fchimm\u00e2t f\u00ee \u015eerhi C\u00e2mi\u2018i\u2019l-\u00dcmm\u00fch\u00e2t\u2019<\/strong><\/em>isimli bir \u015ferh kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[11]<\/a> Bu eserine \u0130bnu\u2019l-H\u00e2cib\u2019in C\u00e2mi\u2018indeki \u0131st\u0131lahlar\u0131 \u00eez\u00e2h etti\u011fi geni\u015f bir mukaddime yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dostu \u0130bn Arafe\u2019nin bu mukaddimeyi m\u00fcstakil bir kitap haline getirmesi teklifi \u00fczerine ise \u2018Ke\u015ffu<\/em><\/strong>\u2019n-Nik\u00e2bi<\/em>\/\u0130ntik\u00e2bi\u2019l-H\u00e2cib min Mustalah\u00e2ti \u0130bn H\u00e2cib\u2019<\/em><\/strong> ismini verdi\u011fi pek k\u0131ymetli eserini v\u00fccuda getirmi\u015ftir.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14-el-Muhtasar<\/strong>: Seyyid\u00ee Hal\u00eel\/Hal\u00eel b. \u0130sh\u00e2k el-M\u0131sr\u00ee el-C\u00fcnd\u00ee(v.776)\u2019nin bu Muhtasar<\/em> metni kendisinden sonra gelen ulem\u00e2 nezdinde en \u00f6nemli mercii h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. Yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden \u00eetib\u00e2ren o derece itib\u00e2r g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ki, \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 if\u00e2de edilmektedir. M\u00e2lik\u00ee F\u0131kh\u0131 Kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunan Eb\u00fb \u00c2s\u0131m Be\u015f\u00eer, el-Muhtasar \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lan \u015ferhleri saymaya kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 150\u2019den fazla kitap buldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemektedir. En me\u015fh\u00fbr \u015ferhi ed-Derd\u00eer<\/strong> lakab\u0131yla me\u015fh\u00fbr e\u015f-\u015eeyh Ahmed b. Muhammed el-Adev\u00ee<\/strong>(v.1201)\u2019ye \u00e2ittir. Bu \u015ferhte m\u00fcellif, kendinden \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ez-Z\u00fcrk\u00e2n\u00ee ve N\u00fbredd\u00een el-Ech\u00fbr\u00ee\u2019nin \u015ferhlerinin h\u00fcl\u00e2sas\u0131n\u0131 iht\u00e2v\u00e2 etmekte ve s\u00e2dece r\u00e2cih olan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri zikretmektedir. M\u00e2lik\u00eelerde e\u015f-\u015eerhu\u2019l-Keb\u00eer<\/em><\/strong> denince bu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u015ferhin \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f H\u00e2\u015fiyetu\u2019d-Des\u00fbk\u00ee ale\u2019\u015f-\u015eerhi\u2019l-Keb\u00eer\u2019<\/em>de m\u00fcteahhir\u00fbn ulem\u00e2s\u0131 nazar\u0131nda \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

el-Muhtasar<\/em> \u015ferhleri aras\u0131nda m\u00fcmt\u00e2z bir yere s\u00e2hip olan di\u011fer bir \u015ferh ise Moritanya \u00e2limlerinden Mahand B\u00e2b\u00e2 b. E\u2018beyd b. Muht\u00e2r ed-Deym\u00e2n\u00ee (v.1277)\u2019nin \u00fczerinde 40 y\u0131ldan fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak te\u2019l\u00eef etti\u011fi if\u00e2de edilen Muyesseru\u2019l-Cel\u00eel al\u00e2 Muhtasari Hal\u00eel <\/em><\/strong>isimli eseridir.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

el-Muhtasar\u2019\u0131n<\/em> ders kitab\u0131 olarak okutulabilecek k\u0131sal\u0131ktaki bir di\u011fer \u00f6zet -metin aras\u0131-  \u015ferhi de Muhammed el-Em\u00eer el-Keb\u00eer (v.1232) taraf\u0131ndan te\u2019lif edilen el-\u0130kl\u00eel \u015eerhu Muhtasari Hal\u00eel<\/em><\/strong> isimli eserdir.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Hal\u00eel\u2019in metnini delil y\u00f6n\u00fc a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Had\u0131r b. Muhammed e\u015f-\u015e\u0131nk\u00eet\u00ee (v.1354) \u2018\u00ced\u00e2hu Muhtasar\u0131 Hal\u00eel bi-Mez\u00e2hibi\u2019l-Erbaa ve Esahh\u0131 Del\u00eel<\/em>\u2019<\/strong> ismiyle \u015ferhmi\u015ftir. Bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla bir cild olarak s\u00e2dece Tah\u00e2ra b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (M\u00fcesseset\u00fc\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le, 1421\/2000)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15-Metnu Akrabi\u2019l-Mes\u00e2lik<\/strong>: e\u015f-\u015eeyh Ahmed b. Muhammed el-Adev\u00ee ed-Derd\u00eer (v.1201)\u2019e \u00e2ittir. Muhtasaru Hal\u00eel<\/em>\u2019in bir di\u011fer \u015ferhidir. e\u015f-\u015eerhu\u2019s-Sa\u011f\u00eer<\/em><\/strong> olarak da bilinir. Kendi zam\u00e2n\u0131nda \u00e7ok\u00e7a rev\u00e2\u00e7 bulmu\u015f eserlerdendir. M\u0131s\u0131r ve Ma\u011frib diy\u00e2r\u0131nda ul\u00e2m\u00e2 bu eserin tedr\u00eesiyle me\u015fgul olmu\u015ftur. Metin m\u00fcstakil olarak ilk kez M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[15]<\/a> \u015eerhleri aras\u0131nda en me\u015fhuru Ahmed es-S\u00e2v\u00ee\u2019nin Bul\u011fatu\u2019s-S\u00e2lik li-Akrabi\u2019l-Mes\u00e2lik <\/em><\/strong>isimli \u015ferhidir[16]<\/a>. es-S\u00e2v\u00ee\u2019nin eksik b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamak i\u00e7in Mub\u00e2rek b. Al\u00ee et-Tem\u00eemi \u2018el-H\u00e2v\u00ee lim\u00e2 A\u011ffeleh\u00fb e\u015f-\u015eeyh es-S\u00e2v\u00ee\u2019 <\/em>ismiyle bir istidr\u00e2k te\u2019l\u00eef etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130bn Ebi\u2019z-Zeyd el-Kayrav\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin er-Ris\u00e2le<\/em> \u0130simli Eserinin Tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eserin m\u00fcellifi, \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limlerinin ve \u0130sl\u00e2m tarih\u00e7ilerinin, ilmiyle \u00e2mil \u00e2lim<\/em><\/strong>, all\u00e2me im\u00e2m, \u00f6rnek fak\u00eeh<\/strong>, \u00e2bid, z\u00e2hid<\/strong>, v\u00e2iz, m\u00fcfessir<\/strong>, muhaddis, takv\u00e2, z\u00fchd, c\u00f6mertlik ve dindarl\u0131k gibi y\u00fcce ahl\u00e2ki vas\u0131flara s\u00e2hib<\/strong>, faydal\u0131 bir\u00e7ok eserin s\u00e2hibi<\/em> diye \u00f6vd\u00fckleri Eb\u00fb Muhammed Abdullah b. Eb\u00ee Zeyd en-Nefr\u00ee el-Kayrav\u00e2n\u00ee el-M\u00e2lik\u00ee\u2019dir. Biyografisini yazan ter\u00e2cim yazarlar\u0131, onun faz\u00eeletlerinin ve hay\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu ve ilim ile dindeki \u00f6nderli\u011fi hususunda ittif\u00e2k etmi\u015flerdir. \u0130m\u00e2m Zeheb\u00ee \u2018Ona k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck M\u00e2lik denirdi\u2019 demektedir. Hicr\u00ee 310 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kayravan\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Kendi beldesinin \u00e2limlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinden ve Hicr\u00ee 330 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hacc esn\u00e2s\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011funun di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok \u00e2liminden ilim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Keskin zek\u00e2s\u0131, geni\u015f ilmi, ezber ve riv\u00e2yetinin \u00e7oklu\u011fu, dil ve kaleminin fasihli\u011fi, sa\u011flam dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ilimdeki tahk\u00eekiyle gen\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda ilim ve faz\u00eeletle \u015f\u00f6hret bulmu\u015ftur. Beldesi Tunus ehlinden, Afrika ve Ma\u011frib beldelerinden bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi kendisinden ilim \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. Talebeleri, insanlara dinlerini \u00f6\u011freten hid\u00e2yet \u00f6nc\u00fcleri, kendi diyarlar\u0131n\u0131n ilim y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130bn Ebi\u2019z-Zeyd f\u0131kh, had\u00ees, Kur\u2019\u00e2n ilimleri, tefs\u00eer ve va\u2019z alan\u0131nda ve Mu\u2019tezile ile bidat ehline reddiye hususunda 30 civ\u00e2r\u0131nda eser te\u2019l\u00eef etmi\u015ftir. er-Ris\u00e2le<\/em>\u2019nin bunlar\u0131n ilki (?) oldu\u011fu if\u00e2de edilmektedir. Hicr\u00ee 386\/M\u00eel\u00e2d\u00ee 996 y\u0131l\u0131nda vef\u00e2t etmi\u015ftir, ard\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok \u015f\u00e2ir mersiyeler yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eserin te\u2019lif sebebi:<\/strong> Hicr\u00ee 4. As\u0131rda Tunus\u2019ta s\u00e2lih bir \u015feyh olan Eb\u00fb Mahf\u00fbz Muhrez b. Halef es-Sadef\u00ee \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n terbiye ve e\u011fitiminde, onlara itkan ile Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem \u00f6\u011fretmek ve h\u00e2f\u0131zl\u0131k yapt\u0131rmak hus\u00fbsunda fevkal\u00e2de ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 ile temeyy\u00fcz etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6yle ki insanlar uzak beldelerden \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fczel bir \u00e2d\u00e2b ve ahl\u00e2k e\u011fitimi almalar\u0131 ve Kur\u2019\u00e2n \u00f6\u011frenmeleri i\u00e7in ona g\u00f6nderir olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bir m\u00fcddet sonra \u015eeyh Muhraz, Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem e\u011fitiminin yan\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklara \u0130sl\u00e2m Ak\u00eedesi ve ya\u015flar\u0131na uygun f\u0131k\u0131h ahk\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131 da telk\u00een etmenin uygun olaca\u011f\u0131na kanaat etmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine \u00e2lim dostu \u0130m\u00e2m \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Zeyd\u2019den bu g\u00e2ye i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklara \u00f6\u011fretece\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hacimli, \u00f6\u011frenilmesi ve anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 kolay bir kitap te\u2019lif etmesini ric\u00e2 etmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fte er-Ris\u00e2le<\/em><\/strong> isimli eser bu s\u00e2lih niyet ve arzunun bir net\u00eecesi olarak kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ter\u00e2cim yazarlar\u0131 onun bu eseri 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmektedirler. L\u00e2kin bu bilginin do\u011frulu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda cidd\u00ee bir sorun bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcstad Abdulfett\u00e2h Eb\u00fb \u011eudde\u2019nin if\u00e2de etti\u011fi gibi; \u2018\u0130bn Ebi\u2019z-Zeyd\u2019in do\u011fum t\u00e2rihi hicr\u00ee 310\u2019dur. E\u011fer bu kitab\u0131 te\u2019lif etti\u011finde 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde te\u2019l\u00eef t\u00e2rihi 327 olmaktad\u0131r. L\u00e2kin bu kitab\u0131 kendisinin talebi \u00fczere yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015eeyh Muhraz\u2019\u0131n 413 y\u0131l\u0131nda 70 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fm\u0131\u015f olarak vef\u00e2t etti\u011fi kaydedilmektedir. Ortalama olarak 75 ya\u015f\u0131nda vef\u00e2t etmesi takd\u00eerine g\u00f6re \u015eeyh Muhraz\u2019\u0131n do\u011fumu hicr\u00ee 338 olmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re \u0130bn Ebi\u2019z-Zeyd, \u015eeyh Muhraz do\u011fdu\u011funda 28 ya\u015f\u0131nda olmaktad\u0131r, buna \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 e\u011fitecek olgunlukta olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in en az\u0131ndan 20 ya\u015f daha il\u00e2 etmemiz durumunda, \u0130bn Ebi\u2019z-Zeyd\u2019in ya\u015f\u0131 takd\u00eeri olarak 48 olmaktad\u0131r. Er-Ris\u00e2le\u2019nin te\u2019l\u00eef vakti ve ya\u015f\u0131 ile ilgili bu bilginin do\u011fru olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015eeyh Muhraz\u2019\u0131n 300\u2019den \u00f6nce do\u011fup 114 y\u0131ldan fazla ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir\u2019. All\u00e2hu A\u2019lem!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eserin M\u00e2lik\u00ee Fukah\u00e2s\u0131 ve \u00c2limler Nezdinde K\u0131ymeti: <\/strong>er-Ris\u00e2le, daha m\u00fcellifinin hay\u00e2t\u0131nda \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcny\u00e2n\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6hret bulmu\u015ftur. \u0130lim ehli onu elde etmek i\u00e7in birbiriyle yar\u0131\u015f\u0131rcas\u0131na ilgi g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. \u0130lk n\u00fcshas\u0131 Ba\u011fdad\u2019da Eb\u00fb Bekr el-Ebher\u00ee\u2019nin ders halkas\u0131nda 20 alt\u0131n d\u00eenara sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. el-Fur\u00fbk<\/em> ve ez-Zeh\u00eera<\/em> isimli eserleriyle me\u015fh\u00fbr m\u00e2lik\u00ee fak\u00eehi All\u00e2me el-Kar\u00e2f\u00ee bu eseri \u2018Do\u011fuda ve Bat\u0131da M\u00e2lik\u00eelerin, fevkal\u00e2de ra\u011fbet g\u00f6sterdikleri\/hi\u00e7 ayr\u0131lmad\u0131klar\u0131 5 kitap<\/em>\u2019 aras\u0131nda saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. er-Ris\u00e2le<\/em><\/strong>\u2019nin M\u00e2lik\u00ee mezhebindeki konumu Hanef\u00ee mezhebindeki Kud\u00fbr\u00ee\u2019nin Muhtasar<\/em>\u2019\u0131 gibidir. \u0130lim \u00e2leminde bu kadar me\u015fh\u00fbr olmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00e2z\u0131 sebeplerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz. 1-\u0130lim yolunun ba\u015f\u0131nda olanlara ahk\u00e2m\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretilmesi hus\u00fbsunda bu eser (M\u00e2lik\u00eelerde) en temel kitapt\u0131r. 2-er-Ris\u00e2le<\/em>; f\u0131kh\u0131n yan\u0131nda ak\u00eede ve ahl\u00e2k\u0131 da ihtiv\u00e2 etmektedir. 3-\u0130b\u00e2resinin a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve maksada del\u00e2letinin netli\u011fi ile imtiy\u00e2z etmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bunlara il\u00e2veten \u0130bn Ebi\u2019z-Zeyd\u2019in kendi asr\u0131ndaki tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve um\u00fbmen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, hus\u00fbsen ise ulem\u00e2 nezdindeki m\u00fcmt\u00e2z \u015fahsiyeti Ris\u00e2le<\/em>\u2019sine \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2leminde \u2013Allah\u2019\u0131n fazl-u ihs\u00e2n\u0131 ile- ayr\u0131 bir yer bah\u015fetmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130bn Ebi\u2019z-Zeyd Ris\u00e2le<\/em>\u2019sinin mukaddimesini \u0130sl\u00e2m ak\u00eedesine ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ak\u00eedeye tahs\u00ees edilmi\u015f olan bu mukaddimeyi \u00dcstad Abdulfett\u00e2h Eb\u00fb \u011eudde (rh.a) m\u00fcstakil olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ris\u00e2le \u015feklinde \u2018el-Ak\u00eedet\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miyye ellet\u00ee Y\u00fcne\u015f\u015fe\u00fc aleyhe\u2019s-Si\u011f\u00e2r\u2019 <\/em><\/strong>ismiyle ne\u015fretmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eerh ve H\u00e2\u015fiyeleri:<\/strong> er-Ris\u00e2le \u00fczerine bir\u00e7ok ulem\u00e2 \u015ferh ve h\u00e2\u015fiye te\u2019l\u00eef etmi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131n en me\u015fh\u00fbrlar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- K\u00e2d\u00ee Abdulvehh\u00e2b b. Nasr el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee (v.422)\u2019nin \u015ferhi; Ris\u00e2le \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lan ilk \u015ferhin bu oldu\u011fu genel kanaattir. Bununla birlikte ilk \u015ferhi hicr\u00ee 395\u2019de[17]<\/a> vefat eden Eb\u00fb Bekr el-Ebher\u00ee\u2019nin \u2018Meslek\/Mes\u00e2liku\u2019l-Cel\u00e2le f\u00ee Mesnedi\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le\u2019 <\/em><\/strong>ismiyle te\u2019l\u00eef etti\u011fi de s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir.[18]<\/a> B\u00e2z\u0131 kaynaklarda ise \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Zeyd\u2019in talebesi Eb\u00fb Bekr Muhammed b. Mevheb el-Kabr\u00ee (v.406)\u2019in de er-Ris\u00e2le \u00fczerine \u015ferh yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedilmi\u015ftir.[19]<\/a> Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130bn Kayy\u0131m el-Cevziyye, \u0130ctim\u00e2\u00fc\u2019l-C\u00fcy\u00fb\u015fi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miyye (sf:189<\/em>) isimli kitab\u0131nda bu \u015ferhten nakilde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee\u2019nin \u015ferhinin -bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla- h\u00e2len tamam\u0131 bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. Ak\u00eede b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn tahkikli ne\u015fri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[20]<\/a> Ayr\u0131ca S\u00e2l\u00e2tu\u2019l-\u00cedeyn\u2019den Kit\u00e2bu\u2019l-Hac b\u00f6l\u00fcme kadar olan k\u0131sm\u0131 da son olarak bir cild olarak tabedilmi\u015ftir.[21]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Muhammed b. Al\u00ee \u0130bnu\u2019l-Fahh\u00e2r el-C\u00fcz\u00e2m\u00ee (v.723)\u2019nin \u2018Nadhu\u2019l-Mak\u00e2le f\u00ee \u015eerhi\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le\u2019 isimli \u015ferhinin elyazmalar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.[22]<\/a> Libya F\u00e2tih \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Mift\u00e2h Muhammed isimli bir z\u00e2t\u0131n kitab\u0131 tahkik etti\u011fi if\u00e2de edilmektedir. Ancak bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi bilgisine ula\u015fabilmi\u015f de\u011filiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Umar b. Al\u00ee el-F\u00e2kih\u00e2n\u00ee el-Lahm\u00ee (v.734)\u2019nin \u2018et-Tahr\u00eer ve\u2019t-Tahb\u00eer\u2019<\/em><\/strong> isimli \u015ferhi h\u00e2len el yazma h\u00e2lindedir.[23]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Muhammed b. Muhammed b. Sel\u00e2me el-Ens\u00e2r\u00ee (v.764)\u2019nin \u015ferhi el yazma h\u00e2lindedir.[24]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- Ebu\u2019l-Hacc\u00e2c Yusuf b. Umer el-Enf\u00e2s\u00ee (v.761)\u2019nin \u2018et-Taky\u00eed ale\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le\u2019<\/em><\/strong> isimli eseri, ders notlar\u0131 say\u0131labilecek \u00f6zet \u015ferhlerin en me\u015fhurlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. El yazma n\u00fcshalar\u0131 mevcuttur.[25]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- K\u00e2s\u0131m b. \u00ces\u00e2 \u0130bn N\u00e2c\u00ee<\/strong> el-Kayrev\u00e2n\u00ee (v.837)\u2019nin \u015ferhi. Zerr\u00fbk\u2019un \u015ferhi ile birlikte matb\u00fbdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7- Ahmed b. Muhammed el-Kal\u015f\u00e2n\u00ee (v.863)\u2019nin \u2018Tahr\u00eeru\u2019l-Mak\u00e2le f\u00ee \u015eerhi\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le\u2019 <\/em><\/strong>isimli \u015ferhi. el-C\u00e2miatu\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee\u2019de Abdulvehh\u00e2b Muhammed en-N\u00eec\u00e2r\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan mast\u0131r tezi olarak tahk\u00eek edilmi\u015ftir (Med\u00eene 1417)<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8- Sa\u00eed b. S\u00fcleym\u00e2n el-Kerr\u00e2m\u00ee et-T\u00e2zm\u00fbt\u00ee es-Semel\u00e2t\u00ee (v.882)\u2019nin M\u00fcr\u015fid\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fcbtedi\u00een il\u00e2 Ma\u2019rifeti  Elf\u00e2zi\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le<\/em><\/strong> adl\u0131 eseri. Bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla h\u00e2len el yazma h\u00e2lindedir.[26]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9- Ebu\u2019l-Abb\u00e2s Ahmed Zerr\u00fbk <\/strong>(v.899)\u2019un \u015ferhi, \u0130bn N\u00e2c\u00ee\u2019nin \u015ferhiyle birlikte 2 cild olarak bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[27]<\/a> Ayr\u0131ca \u015ferhin s\u00e2dece \u2018Ib\u00e2d\u00e2t\u2019 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc m\u00fcstakil olarak Abdulhak\u00eem Ahmed Eb\u00fb Zeyy\u00e2n\u2019in tahkikiyle \u2018\u015eerhu\u2019r-Rub\u0131\u2019s-S\u00e2n\u00ee min Ris\u00e2leti \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Zeyd el-Kayrev\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019<\/em><\/strong> ismiyle de ne\u015fr edilmi\u015ftir.[28]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

10- Ebu\u2019l-Hasen Al\u00ee b. Muhammed el-Men\u00fbf\u00ee e\u015f-\u015e\u00e2zel\u00ee(v.939) er-Ris\u00e2le \u00fczerine 6 ayr\u0131 \u015ferh kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan en me\u015fh\u00fbru \u2018Kif\u00e2yetu\u2019t-T\u00e2libi\u2019r-Rabb\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019 <\/em><\/strong>isimli eseridir. Bu \u015ferh \u00fczerine kaleme al\u0131nan bir\u00e7ok h\u00e2\u015fiye i\u00e7erisinde en me\u015fh\u00fbru Al\u00ee b. Ahmed el-Adev\u00ee (v.1189)\u2019nin H\u00e2\u015fiye<\/em><\/strong>\u2019sidir.[29]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 \u015f\u00e2rihin el yazma h\u00e2linde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan di\u011fer iki \u015ferhinden ilki \u2018Tahk\u00eeku\u2019l-Meb\u00e2n\u00ee ve Tahr\u00eeru\u2019l-Em\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019[30]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/strong> ismini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Di\u011feri ise \u2018\u011e\u00e2yetu\u2019l-Em\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019<\/em><\/strong>[31]<\/a> adl\u0131 \u015ferhitir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11-Eb\u00fb Abdullah Muhammed b. \u0130br\u00e2him et-Tet\u00e2\u00ee (v.942)\u2019nin \u2018Tenv\u00eeru\u2019l-Mak\u00e2le f\u00ee \u015eerhi Elf\u00e2z\u0131\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le\u2019<\/em><\/strong>isimli \u015ferhi, Ris\u00e2le \u015ferhleri aras\u0131ndan m\u00fcmt\u00e2z bir yere s\u00e2hiptir. Mezheb i\u00e7indeki muhtelif riv\u00e2yet ve nakiller aras\u0131nda tercihlerine itim\u00e2d edilen All\u00e2me Tet\u00e2\u00ee bu \u015ferhinde, \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Zeyd\u2019in tercihleri ile Hal\u00eel\u2019in tercihleri aras\u0131nda muk\u00e2rene yapma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r.[32]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

12- Al\u00ee el-Ech\u00fbr\u00ee (v.1066)\u2019nin er-Ris\u00e2le<\/em> \u00fczerine te\u2019l\u00eef etti\u011fi \u015ferh de el yazma h\u00e2lindedir.[33]<\/a> \u015eerhin s\u00e2dece \u2018B\u00e2bun fi\u2019l-F\u0131tra\u2019<\/em>dan kitab\u0131n sonuna kadar olan k\u0131sm\u0131 mast\u0131r tezi olarak tahk\u00eek edilmi\u015ftir.[34]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

13- Ahmed b. \u011euneym b. S\u00e2lim en-Nefr\u00e2v\u00ee el-Ezher\u00ee (v.1126)\u2019ye \u00e2it \u2018el-Fev\u00e2kihu\u2019d-Dev\u00e2n\u00ee al\u00e2 Ris\u00e2leti \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Zeyd el-Kayrev\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019<\/strong><\/em> \u015ferhi 2 cild olarak ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir. (D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye 1418\/1997)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14-Eb\u00fb Abdullah Muhammed b. K\u00e2s\u0131m Cess\u00fbs<\/strong> el-Ma\u011frib\u00ee\u2019 (v.1182)nin \u015ferhi. 4 cild olarak Fas\u2019ta 1312\u2019de ta\u015f bask\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ak\u00eede b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise m\u00fcstakil bir cilt olarak tabedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15- Al\u00ee b. S\u00fcleym\u00e2n ed-Dimn\u00e2t\u00ee (v.1306)\u2019nin \u015ferhinin ise m\u00fcellif n\u00fcshas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.[35]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

16-S\u00e2lih Abdussem\u00ee\u2018 el-\u00c2b\u00ee el-Ezher\u00ee (v.1335)\u2019nin \u2018es-Semeru\u2019d-D\u00e2n\u00ee \u015ferhu Ris\u00e2leti \u0130bn Ebi\u2019z-Zeyd el-Kayravan\u00ee\u2019<\/em><\/strong> adl\u0131 eseri. Bir\u00e7ok tahk\u00eekli bask\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17- Abdulmec\u00eed e\u015f-\u015eern\u00fbb\u00ee el-Ezher\u00ee (v.1348)\u2019nin \u2018Takr\u00eebu\u2019l-Me\u2019\u00e2n\u00ee al\u00e2 ris\u00e2leti \u0130bn Ebi\u2019z-Zeyd el-Kayrav\u00e2n\u00ee<\/em>\u2019<\/strong> isimli \u015ferhi matb\u00fbdur.[36]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

18- Osm\u00e2n b. Umar \u0130bnu\u2019l-Em\u00een er-Rahm\u00fbn\u00ee\u2019nin \u2018Mu\u2019\u00eenu\u2019t-Tel\u00e2m\u00eez al\u00e2 K\u0131r\u00e2ati\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le<\/em><\/strong>\u2019 <\/em>isimli \u015ferhi: Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesindeki f\u0131k\u0131h talebelerinin er-Ris\u00e2le<\/em> metnini anlamas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in te\u2019l\u00eef etti\u011fi \u00f6zet bir \u015ferhten ib\u00e2rettir.[37]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir k\u0131s\u0131m ulem\u00e2 ise er-Ris\u00e2le\u2019nin meselelerini had\u00ees ve sah\u00e2be kavilleriyle istidl\u00e2l usl\u00fbbuyla riv\u00e2yet a\u011farl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak \u015ferh etmi\u015flerdir.  Bu \u015fekilde delil a\u011farl\u0131kl\u0131 geni\u015f \u015ferhlerin en me\u015fh\u00fbrlar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19-Eb\u00fb Bekr el-Ebher\u00ee el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee\u2019nin \u2018Mesleku\u2019l-Cel\u00e2le f\u00ee Mesnedi\u2019l-Ris\u00e2le<\/em><\/strong>\u2019si.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20-D\u00e2vud b. \u00d6mer b. \u0130br\u00e2h\u00eem el-\u0130skender\u00ee(v.732)\u2019nin \u2018\u00ced\u00e2hu\u2019l-Mes\u00e2lik ale\u2019l-Me\u015fh\u00fbri min Mezhebi\u2019l-\u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik<\/em><\/strong>\u2019 isimli \u015ferhi el yazmas\u0131 bulnmaktad\u0131r.[38]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

21-\u0130m\u00e2m H\u00e2f\u0131z Ebu\u2019l-Feyz Ahmed b. es-S\u0131dd\u00eek el-\u011eum\u00e2r\u00ee (v.1380)\u2019nin \u2018Mes\u00e2liku\u2019d-Del\u00e2le al\u00e2 Mes\u00e2ili Metni\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le<\/em>\u2019<\/strong>si. Bu eser er-Ris\u00e2le\u2019nin ihtiv\u00e2 etti\u011fi meseleleri \u00e7ok \u00f6z bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klamakta ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 zikretti\u011fi, s\u0131hhat durumuna de\u011findi\u011fi bir-iki riv\u00e2yet ile k\u0131saca delillendirmektedir.[39]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

er-Ris\u00e2le\u2019nin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze el yazma olarak ula\u015fan ve ayr\u0131ca kaynaklarda zikredilip de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmeyen daha bir\u00e7ok \u015ferhi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 as\u0131rdan \u00eetib\u00e2ren ne b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tevecc\u00fche mazhar oldu\u011funu isb\u00e2ta ve \u0130sl\u00e2m ulem\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n kendisine verdi\u011fi k\u0131ymeti anlamam\u0131za yeterli oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu kadar\u0131n\u0131n zikriyle iktif\u00e2 ediyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca R\u0131z\u00e2 Ferh\u00e2t, er-Ris\u00e2le<\/em>\u2019nin ihtiv\u00e2 etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu had\u00eeslerine tahr\u00eec \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[40]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nazm\u0131: <\/strong>er-Ris\u00e2le<\/em>\u2019 naz\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en \u00e7ok \u015f\u00f6hret bulan Abdullah b. Ahmed b. H\u00e2c H\u0131mall\u00e2h el-\u011eall\u00e2v\u00ee e\u015f-\u015eink\u00eet\u00ee (v.1209) \u2018Nazmu\u2019r-Ris\u00e2leti\u2019l-F\u0131kh\u0131yye\u2019<\/em><\/strong>sidir. Bu naz\u0131m \u00fczerine All\u00e2me Z\u00e2yidu\u2019l-Ez\u00e2n \u0130bnu\u2019t-T\u00e2lib Ahmed e\u015f-\u015eenk\u00eet\u00ee \u2018el-\u2019Iz\u00e2ku\u2019l-Hav\u00e2n\u00ee al\u00e2 Nazmi Ris\u00e2leti\u2019l-Kayrev\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019<\/em><\/strong> ismiyle olduk\u00e7a tafsilatl\u0131 nef\u00ees bir \u015ferh te\u2019l\u00eef etmi\u015ftir.[41]<\/a> Bir di\u011fer \u015ferh de \u2018el-Fethu\u2019r-Rabb\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019 <\/em><\/strong>ismiyle Muhammed b. Ahmed ed-D\u00e2h e\u015f-\u015eink\u00eet\u00ee\u2019ye \u00e2ittir.[42]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhtasaru Hal\u00eel \u015f\u00e2rihlerinden \u0130bn \u011e\u00e2z\u00ee el-Mikn\u00e2s\u00ee (v.919) ise er-Ris\u00e2le<\/em>\u2019deki E\u015fb\u00e2h ve Nez\u00e2ir ile anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda zorlan\u0131lan, m\u00fc\u015fkil g\u00f6r\u00fclen meselelerini \u00e7ok veciz ib\u00e2relerle \u2018Naz\u00e2iru\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le\u2019<\/em><\/strong> ismiyle nazma d\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Er-Ris\u00e2le\u2019nin<\/em> metnini \u00e7ok iyi bir \u015fekilde okuyup m\u00fct\u00e2laa etmeyenlerin bu nazm\u0131 anlamas\u0131 pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, daha rahat anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi ve fehmedilerek ezberinin kolayla\u015fmas\u0131 g\u00e2yesiyle, Hatt\u00e2b<\/strong> lakab\u0131yla me\u015fhur Eb\u00fb Abdullah Muhammed b. Muhammed b. Abdurrahman er-Ru\u2019ayn\u00ee (v.953) \u2018Tahr\u00eeru\u2019l-Mak\u00e2le \u015eerhu Nazm\u0131 Nez\u00e2iri\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le\u2019<\/em><\/strong> isimli \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli \u015ferhini kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bask\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.[43]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki El Yazmalar\u0131<\/strong>: S\u00fcleym\u00e2niye, N\u00fbruosm\u00e2niye, r: 1775, v.95; S\u00fcleym\u00e2niye, H\u00fcsn\u00fc Pa\u015fa, r: 9\/1160 v.118\/120<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matb\u00fbsu:<\/strong> Fas, ty.; K\u00e2hira 1296, 1304, 1314, 1319, 1323, 1324, 1338, 1340, 1354; Muhammediyye 1407\/1987;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eb\u00fb Abdullah Muhammed b. Mans\u00fbr el-Megr\u00e2v\u00ee\u2019nin \u2018\u011euraru\u2019l-Mak\u00e2le f\u00ee \u015eerhi Gar\u00eebi\u2019l-Ris\u00e2le<\/em><\/strong>\u2019siyle birlikte, H\u00e2d\u00ee Hamm\u00fb-Muhammed Ebu\u2019l-Efc\u00e2n\u2019in tahk\u00eekiyle, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-\u011earbi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee, Beyr\u00fbt 1406\/1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Mustafa K\u00e2s\u0131m et-Taht\u00e2v\u00ee\u2019nin \u2018\u00cey\u00e2hu\u2019l-Me\u2019\u00e2n\u00ee al\u00e2 Ris\u00e2leti\u2019l-Kayrev\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019<\/em><\/strong> ismini verdi\u011fi notlar\u0131yla birlikte D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Fad\u00eele, K\u00e2hira t.y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matb\u00fb \u00c7evirileri: -Frans\u0131zcaya \u00e7evirenler: <\/strong>Edmond Fagnan (Paris 1914), L. Bercher (Alger 1945, 1948, 1949) ve Kevser Abdussel\u00e2m el-Bas\u00eer\u00ee (Cez\u00e2yiz-K\u00e2hire 1988).\u2013\u0130ngilizceye \u00e7evirenler: <\/strong>A.D. Russell ve Abdullah b. Me\u2019m\u00fbn es-S\u00fchreverd\u00ce (London 1906), J. Kenny (Minna\/Nigeria 1992).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131lar:
\u015eafii Mezhebi K\u0131sa Literat\u00fcr\u00fc ve Baz\u0131 Usul Anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/a>
Karafi’nin El Furuk Adl\u0131 Eserini Okumak \u0130\u00e7in 8 Sebep<\/a>
Karafi’nin F\u0131k\u0131htaki Yeri<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. el-Ak\u00eedet\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miyye ellet\u00ee Y\u00fcne\u015f\u015fe\u00fc aleyhe\u2019s-Si\u011f\u00e2r,\u0130bn Ebi\u2019z-Zeyd el-Kayrav\u00e2n\u00ee, Abdulfett\u00e2h Eb\u00fb \u011eudde ne\u015fri, D\u00e2ru\u2019s-Sel\u00e2m, Beyrut 1421\/2001.<\/li>
  2. ed-D\u00eeb\u00e2cu\u2019l-M\u00fczehheb, \u0130bn Ferh\u00fbn, D\u00e2ru\u2019t-T\u00fcr\u00e2s, Tahk\u00eek: Muhammed el-Ahmed\u00ee, D\u00e2ru\u2019t-T\u00fcr\u00e2s, K\u00e2hira t.y.
    – – – – – – – -, Tahk\u00eek: Me\u2019m\u00fbn b. Muhyidd\u00een el-Cenn\u00e2n, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, Beyrut 1417\/1996<\/li>
  3. el-K\u00e2d\u00ee Abdulvehh\u00e2b ve Menhecuhu f\u00ee \u015eerhi Ris\u00e2leti \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Zeyd, Dr. Hamza Eb\u00fb F\u00e2ris, ELGA, Malta 2003.<\/li>
  4. Kit\u00e2bu\u2019l-Asl- Tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve F\u0131k\u0131h Us\u00fblu A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Tahl\u00eeli, Dr. Mehmed Boynukal\u0131n, Ocak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2009.<\/li>
  5. Ke\u015ffu\u2019n-Nik\u00e2bi\u2019l-H\u00e2cib min Mustalahi \u0130bni\u2019l-H\u00e2cib (Muhakkikin mukaddimesi), \u0130bn Ferh\u00fbn, Tahk\u00eek: Hamza Eb\u00fb F\u00e2ris ve Abdussel\u00e2m e\u015f-\u015eer\u00eef, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-\u011earbi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee, Beyr\u00fbt 1990.<\/li>
  6. Mas\u00e2diru\u2019l-F\u0131kh\u0131\u2019l-M\u00e2lik\u00ee Us\u00fblen ve Fur\u00fb\u2019an fi\u2019l-Me\u015friki ve\u2019l-Ma\u011fribi Kad\u00eemen ve Had\u00eesen, Eb\u00fb \u00c2s\u0131m Be\u015f\u00eer Dayf, D\u00e2ru \u0130bn Hazm, Beyrut 2008.<\/li>
  7. el-Muvatta\u00e2t li\u2019l-\u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik, Nez\u00eer Hamd\u00e2n, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Kalem, D\u0131me\u015fk 1992.<\/li>
  8. Siyeru A\u2019l\u00e2mi\u2019n-N\u00fcbel\u00e2, XXVIII, Tahk\u00eek: \u015eu\u2019ayb el-Arna\u00fbt ve Ekibi, M\u00fcesseset\u00fc\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le, 1422\/2001<\/li>
  9. Ris\u00e2letu \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Zeyd el-Kayrev\u00e2n\u00ee (\u2018\u00cey\u00e2hu\u2019l-Me\u2019\u00e2n\u00ee al\u00e2 Ris\u00e2leti\u2019l-Kayrev\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019 ile birlikte), ne\u015fr: Ahmed Mustafa K\u00e2s\u0131m et-Taht\u00e2v\u00ee, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Fad\u00eele, K\u00e2hira, t.y.<\/li>
  10. Tahr\u00eeru\u2019l-Mak\u00e2le \u015eerhu Nazm\u0131 Nez\u00e2iri\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le,Eb\u00fb Abdullah er-Ru\u2019ayn\u00ee, Ne\u015fr: Ebu\u2019l-Fadl Ahmed b. Al\u00ee ed-Dimy\u00e2t\u00ee,  Merkezu\u2019t-T\u00fcr\u00e2si\u2019s-Sek\u00e2feti\u2019l-Ma\u011frib\u00ee ve D\u00e2ru \u0130bn Hazm, ed-D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Beyd\u00e2\/Beyr\u00fbt 1427\/2007<\/li>
  11. T\u00e2r\u00eehu Ba\u011fd\u00e2d, Hat\u00eeb el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee, I-XVI, Tahk\u00eek: Be\u015f\u015f\u00e2r Avv\u00e2d Ma\u2018r\u00fbf, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-\u011earbi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee, Beyr\u00fbt 1422\/2002<\/li>
  12. T\u00e2r\u00eehu D\u0131me\u015fk, \u0130bn As\u00e2kir,I-LXXX, Takh\u00eek: Al\u00ee \u015e\u00eer\u00ee, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Fikr, Beyr\u00fbt 1419\/1998.<\/li>
  13. T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m, \u015eemsudd\u00een ez-Zeheb\u00ee, Tahk\u00eek: Be\u015f\u015f\u00e2r Avv\u00e2d Ma\u2018r\u00fbf, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-\u011earbi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee, Beyrut 2003<\/li>
  14. et-Tavd\u00eeh f\u00ee \u015eerhi\u2019l-Muhtasar\u0131\u2019l-Fer\u2019\u00ee (Muahakkikin mukaddimesi), Hal\u00eel b. \u0130sh\u00e2k el-C\u00fcnd\u00ee, Tahk\u00eek: Ahmed b. Abdulker\u00eem Nec\u00eeb, D\u00e2ru Nec\u00eebeveyh, K\u00e2hira 1428\/2008.<\/li>
  15. Tert\u00eebu\u2019l-Med\u00e2rik ve Takr\u00eebu\u2019l-Mes\u00e2lik li-Ma\u2018rifeti A\u2018l\u00e2mi Mezhebi M\u00e2lik, I-II, K\u00e2d\u00ee Iy\u00e2d, Tash\u00eeh: Muhammed S\u00e2lim H\u00e2\u015fim, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, Beyr\u00fbt 1418\/1998<\/li>
  16. Tezy\u00eelu\u2019l-Elf\u00e2z bi Tetm\u00eemi Zuy\u00fbli Tezkirati\u2019l-Huff\u00e2z, Mahm\u00fbd Sa\u00eed Memd\u00fbh, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Bas\u00e2ir, K\u00e2hire 2009<\/li>
  17. T\u00fcrkiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinde M\u00e2lik\u00ee Mezhebiyle \u0130lgili Yazma Eserler, Dr.Ayd\u0131n Ta\u015f, F\u0131rat \u00dcniversitesi \u0130l\u00e2hiyat Fak\u00fcltesi, 12:2 (2007), SS.48-82<\/li>
  18. T\u00fcrkiye Diy\u00e2net Vakf\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi, \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Zeyd ve er-Ris\u00e2le maddeleri.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    [1]<\/a> Mustaf\u00e2 el-Alev\u00ee, Muhammed Abdulker\u00eem el-Bekr\u00ee ve Sa\u00eed Ahmed el-A\u2019r\u00e2b\u2019\u0131n tahk\u00eekiyle, Rib\u00e2t 1387\/1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [2]<\/a> El-V\u00e2d\u0131ha, el-Utbiyye ve el-Mevv\u00e2ziyye gibi bu ilk kaynaklar el-\u00dcmm\u00fch\u00e2t <\/em>(Ana Kaynaklar) diye isimlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [3]<\/a> Dr. Abdulfett\u00e2h Muhammed el-Hulv ve Muhammed el-Em\u00een Buhbuze (?) tahkikiyle, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-\u011earbi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee, Beyrut 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [4]<\/a> D\u00e2ru\u2019l-\u011earbi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee, Beyrut 1987<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [5]<\/a> Muhammed B\u00fbhbuze(?), Sa\u00eed E\u2019r\u00e2b ve Muhammed Hacc\u00ee\u2019nin tahk\u00eekiyle, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-\u011earbi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee, Beyrut 1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [6]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Abdurrahman el-Ahdar\u00ee\u2019nin tahk\u00eekiyle, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Yem\u00e2me, D\u0131me\u015fk 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [7]<\/a> Bkz: Ke\u015ffu\u2019n-Nik\u00e2bi\u2019l-H\u00e2cib min Mustalah\u0131 \u0130bni\u2019l-H\u00e2cib, Muhakkik Mukaddimesi: sf:36, Dipnot.17; et-Tavd\u00eeh, Muhakkikin Mukaddimesi I\/38; \u0130bn Ferh\u00fbn, ed-D\u00eeb\u00e2c sf:330\u2019dan naklen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [8]<\/a> Dr.Ahmed b. Abdulker\u00eem Nec\u00eeb\u2019in tahkikiyle son cildi fihrist toplam 9 cildde bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: D\u00e2ru Nec\u00eebeveyh, K\u00e2hira 1428\/2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [9]<\/a> Bedruddin el-Kar\u00e2f\u00ee, Tev\u015f\u00eehu\u2019d-D\u00eeb\u00e2c, sf: 166.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [10]<\/a> Et-Tavd\u00eeh\u2019in muhakkiki, Lakk\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin ha\u015fiyesinin Fas\u2019ta bulunan 5 ayr\u0131 el yazma n\u00fcshas\u0131n\u0131n bilgilerini vermi\u015ftir. Et-Tavd\u00eeh, C.1, Muhakkikin Mukaddimesi, sf:6 dipnot:3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [11]<\/a> Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc el yazmas\u0131 olarak Tunus, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-Vataniyye, no:15429\u2019da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [12]<\/a> Dr.Abdussel\u00e2m e\u015f-\u015eer\u00eef ve Hamza Eb\u00fb F\u00e2ris\u2019in tahkikiyle D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Mektebetu\u2019l- \u011earb\u00ee, Beyrut 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [13]<\/a> Ahmed b. Et-T\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n tash\u00eeh ve g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmesiyle, m\u00fcellefin torununun takdimiyle 4 cild olarak bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: D\u00e2ru\u2019r-R\u0131dv\u00e2n- Moritanya, 1424\/2003<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [14]<\/a> Ebu\u2019l-Fadl Abdullah el-\u011eum\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019nin tash\u00eeh ve ta\u2019l\u00eekat\u0131 ile Mektebetu\u2019l-K\u00e2hira\u2019da tarihsiz olarak bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [15]<\/a> Muhammed Al\u00ee Sab\u00eeh Matbaas\u0131, sonra \u00ees\u00e2 el-B\u00e2b\u00ee el-Haleb\u00ee matbaas\u0131, daha sonra ise 1965\u2019de Muhyidd\u00een Abdulham\u00eed taraf\u0131ndan tahkikli ne\u015fri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [16]<\/a> \u0130lk def\u00e2 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, sonra Beyrut D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Fikr\u2019de 2 cildde t\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra ise tahkikli bir\u00e7ok bask\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [17]<\/a>el-Ebher\u00ee\u2019nin vef\u00e2t tarihi, \u0130bn Ferh\u00fbn\u2019un ed-D\u00eeb\u00e2cu\u2019l-M\u00fczehheb f\u00ee Ma\u2018rifeti Ulem\u00e2 A\u2018y\u00e2ni\u2019l-Mezheb isimli M\u00e2lik\u00ee Ulem\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n Biyografilerine mahs\u00fbs eserin her iki bask\u0131s\u0131nda da 395 olarak g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir. L\u00e2kin m\u00fcracaat etti\u011fimiz t\u00fcm ter\u00e2cim eserlerinde ittifakla vef\u00e2t tarihi Hicr\u00ee 375\u2019tir. \u00d6rnek olarak: Zeheb\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m 8\/419-220-; T\u00e2r\u00eehu Ba\u011fd\u00e2d 3\/492; T\u00e2r\u00eehu D\u0131me\u015fk 54\/12-13, Tert\u00eebu\u2019l-Med\u00e2rik 2\/129. H\u00e2f\u0131z \u0130bn As\u00e2kir ve Hat\u00eeb el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee\u2019nin vefat tarihi hakk\u0131nda naklettikleri t\u00fcm riv\u00e2yetler-g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler 375 senesinde m\u00fcttefiktir. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00e2dece Z\u00fc\u2019l-Ka\u2018de\u2019de mi \u015eevv\u00e2l ay\u0131nda m\u0131 vef\u00e2t etti\u011fi hususundad\u0131r. \u0130bn Ferh\u00fbn ed-D\u00eeb\u00e2c\u2019da bu bilgiyi kendisinden \u00f6nceki bu kaynaklardan almaktad\u0131r. Ancak ya istinsah edenler yahut da el yazmadan tahkik edenler taraf\u0131ndan \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 lafz\u0131 sehven  \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u015feklinde tash\u00eefe u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Allahu A\u2018lem\u2026 Her iki bask\u0131s\u0131nda da bu yanl\u0131\u015f tekr\u00e2r etmesi sebebiyle tash\u00eeh edilmesi \u00fcmidiyle tenb\u00eehi gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [18]<\/a> Bkz: \u015eerhu\u2019z-Zerr\u00fbk 1\/16-18; el-K\u00e2d\u00ee Abdulvehh\u00e2b ve Menhecuhu f\u00ee \u015eerhi Ris\u00e2leti \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Zeyd sf:271-272.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [19]<\/a>a.g.e. 271; ez-Zeheb\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m, 9\/114:Hicr\u00ee 406.y\u0131lda vef\u00e2t edenler, 213.Tecrece-i H\u00e2l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [20]<\/a>Bask\u0131lar\u0131: Eb\u00fb \u00dcveys Muhammed et-Tatv\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin tashihiyle \u2018\u015eerhu Ak\u00eedeti\u2019l-\u0130m\u00e2mi\u2019s-Sa\u011f\u00eer\u2019 ismiyle, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye Beyr\u00fbt 2002; Ahmed Muhammed N\u00fbrseyf\u2019in tahkikiyle \u2018\u015eerhu Ak\u00eedeti \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Zeyd el-Kayrev\u00e2n\u00ee f\u00ee Kit\u00e2bi\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le\u2019 ismiyle, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Buh\u00fbs li\u2019d-Dir\u00e2s\u00e2ti\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miyye, D\u00fcbey 1434\/2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [21]<\/a> Ebu\u2019l-Fadl ed-Dimy\u00e2t\u00ee\u2019nin tahkiki ile D\u00e2ru \u0130bni Hazm, Beyr\u00fbt 1428\/2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [22]<\/a> \u0130spanya, Escorial K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi: 1063; Bavyera Devlet K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, M\u00fcnih 342; D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-T\u00fbnusiyye, 2.C\u00fcz: 1519<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [23]<\/a> Rab\u00e2t, el-H\u0131z\u00e2netu\u2019l-Melekiyye, no:7800, el-H\u0131z\u00e2netu\u2019l-Hamziyye, no:340.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [24]<\/a> D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019t-T\u00fbnusiyye\u2019de iki n\u00fcshas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r: no:19910, 19454.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [25]<\/a> \u0130skenderiyye Beledeyi K\u00fct\u00fcphenesi, \u0638:1671, \u0638:1849 -1.c\u00fcz; Cez\u00e2ir:1061; Rab\u00e2t (Kett\u00e2n\u00ee):665-1.C\u00fcz-; Bavyera \/M\u00fcnih:343; Escorial K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi: 1064-il\u00e2veler:9542, cild 1\/varak 147.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [26]<\/a> Mektebetu m\u00fcesseseti\u2019l-Melik Abdulaz\u00eez, ed-D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Beyd\u00e2: 307 (296 varak- 936 Hicr\u00ee); C\u00e2miatu el-Melik Su\u2019\u00fbd, Makhtotah 7075: el-F\u0131khu\u2019l-M\u00e2lik\u00ee. Di\u011fer el yazma n\u00fcshalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz: Hamza Eb\u00fb F\u00e2ris, sf:277.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [27]<\/a> D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Fikr, Beyrut 1402\/1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [28]<\/a> Libya 1421\/2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [29]<\/a> Adev\u00ee\u2019nin H\u00e2\u015fiyesiyle birlikte Ahmed Hamd\u00ee \u0130m\u00e2m tahkikiyle 4 cild olarak bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: el-Matbaatu\u2019l-Meden\u00ee, K\u00e2hira:1409\/1989. Ayr\u0131ca Muhammed Abdullah \u015e\u00e2hin tahkikiyle 2 cild olarak 1997 y\u0131l\u0131 Beyr\u00fbt\u2019ta bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [30]<\/a> Z\u00e2hiriyye K\u00fct\u00fcph\u00e2nesi, F\u0131kh M\u00e2lik\u00ee 7; Zeyt\u00fbniyye 4\/281-3; er-Reb\u00e2t:854-856; el-Ezher 2\/313 F\u0131kh M\u00e2lik\u00ee 143,732; Trablus Vak\u0131flar: 1.C\u00fcz no:206; British Museum Library 132- \u0130l\u00e2veler: 2\/6909.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [31]<\/a> C\u00e2miu\u2019z-Zeyt\u00fbniyye K\u00fct\u00fcph\u00e2nesi 4\/350 no:2717-2730; Nijerya\/Temekr\u00fbt, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019n-N\u00e2s\u0131riyye 622, 1060, 1321; Cez\u00e2ir, el-H\u0131z\u00e2netu\u2019l-Vataniyye: 2039.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [32]<\/a> Muhammed \u00c2yi\u015f Abdul\u00e2l \u015eeb\u00eer\u2019in tahkikiyle Kahire 1409\/1988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [33]<\/a> Mektebetu\u2019l-Ahmediyye\u2019den al\u0131nan 2 c\u00fczl\u00fck bir n\u00fcsh\u00e2 Tunus, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcb\u2019ta bulunmaktad\u0131r: no:3011-2. Bir ba\u015fka n\u00fcshas\u0131 da Fas\\Tanca\u2019da Tetvan K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi no:111\u2019de bulundu\u011fu kaydedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [34]<\/a> Amerikan \u00dcniversitesi, ed-Dir\u00e2s\u00e2tu\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miyye ve\u2019l-Arabiyye Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde \u0130br\u00e2h\u00eem Abdurrezz\u00e2k el-Havl\u00ee dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Al\u00ee Re\u015f\u00eed Huseyn taraf\u0131ndan Mast\u0131r tezi olarak sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [35]<\/a> Nijerya\/Temekr\u00fbk, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-N\u00e2s\u0131riyye: 3169. N\u00fcshan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda eksiklik bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [36]<\/a> Hicr\u00ee 1334\u2019de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f daha sonra Abdulv\u00e2ris Muhammed Ali\u2019nin i\u2019tin\u00e2s\u0131 Beyrut-D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Fikr\u2019de 1418\/1998\u2019de tekrar tabedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [37]<\/a> Beyr\u00fbt 1428\/2007\u2019de D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Fikr\u2019de bir cild olarak bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, daha sonra 2 ciltlik bask\u0131lar\u0131 de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [38]<\/a> Tunus, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-Vataniyye, no: 14869;Fas\/Mekn\u00e2s, H\u0131z\u00e2net\u00fc\u2019l-C\u00e2mii\u2019l-Keb\u00eer\/A\u2018zam:168-170.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [39]<\/a> Mektebetu\u2019l-Asriyye,  Beyrut 1423\/2002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [40]<\/a> Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Mektebetu\u2019s-Sek\u00e2fe\u2019de bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: K\u00e2hire 2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [41]<\/a> \u015e\u00e2rihin o\u011flunun i\u2019tin\u00e2s\u0131yla k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce 1433\/2013\u2019da 3 ciltte ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [42]<\/a> Mektebetu\u2019l-Asriyye, Beyr\u00fbt 1426\/2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [43]<\/a> \u0130lk kez Dr. Ahmed Sahn\u00fbn\u2019un tahkikiyle Fas, Vak\u0131flar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 1988\u2019de Rabat\u2019ta bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra Ebu\u2019l-Fadl Ahmed b. Al\u00ee ed-Dimy\u00e2t\u00ee\u2019nin i\u2019tin\u00e2s\u0131 ile Merkezu\u2019t-T\u00fcr\u00e2si\u2019s-Sek\u00e2feti\u2019l-Ma\u011frib\u00ee ve D\u00e2ru \u0130bn Hazm taraf\u0131ndan da bask\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir: ed-D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Beyd\u00e2\/Beyr\u00fbt 1427\/2007.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1– el-Muvatta: Hicret diy\u00e2r\u0131 Med\u00eene\u2019nin \u0130mam\u0131 M\u00e2lik b. Enes (r.a.) bu eserinde f\u0131kh\u00ee mezhebinin istin\u00e2d etti\u011fi b\u00e2z\u0131 merf\u00fb, mevk\u00fbf ve makt\u00fb had\u00eesleri riv\u00e2yet etmekte ve bunlar \u00fczerinden f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Muvatta\u2019da \u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik\u2019in bey\u00e2n etti\u011fi f\u0131kh\u00ee istinbatlar ve onun ictihadlar\u0131 riv\u00e2yetlerden daha fazla yek\u00fbn tutmaktad\u0131r. O had\u00ees kitab\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar bir f\u0131k\u0131h kitab\u0131d\u0131r. Bu itib\u00e2rla […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":4225,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3783"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3783"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3783\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5080,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3783\/revisions\/5080"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3783"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3783"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}