{"id":3799,"date":"2020-09-09T12:21:33","date_gmt":"2020-09-09T09:21:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=3799"},"modified":"2022-10-08T12:08:14","modified_gmt":"2022-10-08T09:08:14","slug":"ibn-i-saatinin-nihayetul-vusulu-uzerinden-sematik-icma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/ibn-i-saatinin-nihayetul-vusulu-uzerinden-sematik-icma\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130bn-i Saat\u00ee\u2019nin Nih\u00e2yet\u00fc\u2019l-Vus\u00fbl\u2019\u00fc \u00dczerinden \u015eematik \u0130cma"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Lugavi_ve_istilahi_tarifi\">Lu\u011favi ve \u0131stilahi tarifi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Icmain_huccet_olduguna_dair_ayet_ve_hadisler\">\u0130cma\u0131n huccet oldu\u011funa dair ayet ve hadisler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Icmain_olusum_ve_bilinme_imkani\">\u0130cma\u0131n olu\u015fum ve bilinme imkan\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Icma_edenlerin_tevatur_sayisina_ulasmasi_sart_mi\">\u0130cma edenlerin tevat\u00fcr say\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fart m\u0131?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Icma-i_sukuti_delil_sayilir_mi\">\u0130cma-\u0131 s\u00fck\u00fbti delil say\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Icmain_kaynagi\">\u0130cma\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Icma_ile_sabit_bir_hukmu_inkar_etmek\">\u0130cma ile sabit bir h\u00fckm\u00fc inkar etmek<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Lugavi_ve_istilahi_tarifi\"><strong>Lu\u011favi ve \u0131stilahi tarifi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf \u0130cma lugatta \u201cbir \u015feye karar vermek\u201d ve \u201cbir konu \u00fczerinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fine varmak,\u201d us\u00fbl ilminde \u201c\u00fcmmeti Muhammed\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcn ehl-i hal ve\u2019l akd (devletin \u015furas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan alimler) heyetinin bir as\u0131rda belli mesele \u00fczerinde ittifak sa\u011flamas\u0131\u201d demektir. Tarifteki \u201cittifak\u201d kayd\u0131 fiil ve s\u00f6zleri, a\u00e7\u0131k ve sessiz onay\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131r. \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn ehli hal ve\u2019l akd\u201d kayd\u0131 bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n veya \u00fcmmetin avam kesiminin; \u201c\u00fcmmeti Muhammed\u201d kayd\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f topluluklar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fini; ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u201cbir as\u0131rda\u201d kayd\u0131 ittifak\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn as\u0131rlarda olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi vehmini tarifin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na iter. Son olarak \u201cbelli mesele\u201d kayd\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 veya terki istenen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015feri ve akli h\u00fck\u00fcmlere \u015famildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Icmain_huccet_olduguna_dair_ayet_ve_hadisler\"><strong>\u0130cma\u0131n huccet oldu\u011funa dair ayet ve hadisler<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ayetler:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf \u201cKendisi i\u00e7in do\u011fru yol belli olduktan sonra, kim Peygamber&#8217;e kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar ve m\u00fcminlerin yolundan ba\u015fka bir yola giderse, onu o y\u00f6nde b\u0131rak\u0131r\u0131z ve cehenneme sokar\u0131z; o ne k\u00f6t\u00fc bir yerdir.\u201d (Nisa, 115) G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, bu ayette m\u00fcminlere muhalefet etmek, peygambere itaatsizlikle e\u015fde\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve cehennemle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf \u201cHep birlikte Allah&#8217;\u0131n ipine s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 tutunun, ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmeyin.\u201d (\u00c2li Imran, 103) Oysa icmaa muhalefet ayr\u0131l\u0131k demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf \u201cEy iman edenler! Allah\u2019a itaat edin. Resul\u00fcne ve sizden olan \u00fcl\u00fclemre de itaat edin.\u201d (Nisa, 59)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hadisler:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf \u201c\u00dcmmetim sap\u0131kl\u0131k \u00fczerinde birle\u015fmez.\u201d (Ebu Davud, Tirmizi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n g\u00fczel g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fey, Allah kat\u0131nda da g\u00fczeldir.\u201d (Ahmed bin Hanbel, Bezzar ve Taberani \u0130bni Mesud\u2019tan mevkuf olarak rivayet ederler.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf \u201c\u00dcmmetimden hak \u00fczerinde devam eden bir topluluk daima var olacakt\u0131r.\u201d (Buhari, M\u00fcslim)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf \u201cKim cemaatten ayr\u0131l\u0131rsa boynundan \u0130slam ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d (Yak\u0131n laf\u0131zlarla Buhari, M\u00fcslim, Nesai, Ebu Davud, Hakim ve Ahmed bin Hanbel)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Icmain_olusum_ve_bilinme_imkani\"><strong>\u0130cma\u0131n olu\u015fum ve bilinme imkan\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf&nbsp; \u0130cma\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilece\u011fine, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fse bile pratikte ondan nas\u0131l haberdar olunabilece\u011fine dair \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130cma\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini imkans\u0131z g\u00f6renler:<\/strong> Mutezili imam Nazzam ve baz\u0131 \u015eiilerin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu grup. Delilleri, miza\u00e7lar\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n -t\u0131pk\u0131 tek \u00e7e\u015fit yemekte birle\u015fmesinin imkans\u0131z oldu\u011fu gibi- bir fikir \u00fczerinde ittifak sa\u011flamalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Hariciler sadece siyasi b\u00f6l\u00fcnme \u00f6ncesi sahabe icma\u0131n\u0131 delil kab\u00fcl ederler. B\u00f6l\u00fcnme sonras\u0131nda baz al\u0131nacak icma -yaln\u0131z kendileri ger\u00e7ek M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in- sadece Haricilerin ittifak sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130cma\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini teoride kab\u00fcllendi\u011fi halde ondan pratikte haberdar olunmas\u0131n\u0131 uzak ihtimal g\u00f6renler: <\/strong>Bu gruba g\u00f6re, icmadan pratikte haberdar olmak, b\u00fct\u00fcn icma sahiplerinin ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede olmas\u0131n\u0131, tek tek tan\u0131n\u0131p bilinmelerini ve sonradan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden d\u00f6nmemelerini gerektirir ki, bu \u00e7ok zordur. \u0130\u00e7lerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 icma\u0131&nbsp; -hen\u00fcz Hicaz\u2019da ya\u015famalar\u0131 sebebiyle- sadece sahabe nesline hasreder. <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130cma\u0131n hem teoride hem pratikte olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kab\u00fcllenenler: <\/strong>Cumhur b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Onlara g\u00f6re icma m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve sahabe d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler i\u00e7in de sabittir. Yaln\u0131z Davud ez-Zahiri ve kendisinden aktar\u0131lan bir rivayette Ahmed bin Hanbel icma\u0131n sadece sahabe nesline has oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf \u0130lk d\u00f6nemlerde olu\u015fan icmalar\u0131n sonrakilere naklini ekseri alimler t\u0131pk\u0131 s\u00fcnnetin nakli gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Buna g\u00f6re, nesilden nesile tevat\u00fcren aktar\u0131lan icma, s\u00fcnnet gibi ilmen ve amelen ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Tevat\u00fcr d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e2h\u00e2d yolla aktar\u0131lanlar ise k\u0131yasa \u00f6ncelenecek bir de\u011fere sahiptir. Hanefilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ve Gazzali gibi alimler icma\u0131n \u00e2h\u00e2d yolla nakline kat\u0131lmaz.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bidat\u00e7\u0131 m\u00fcctehidin muhalefeti icmaya etki eder mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf<strong> <\/strong>Hanefilerin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u00e7o\u011funluk bidat (tabi ki k\u00fcfre d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyecek kadar bidat) sahibi birinin mutlak m\u00fcctehid olsa bile icmaa muhalefetinin itibara al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerken, \u0130mam\u00fcl Harameyn, Ebu \u0130shak \u015eirazi, \u0130sfer\u00e2yini ve Gazzali gibi baz\u0131 alimler m\u00fcbted\u0131\u2019 m\u00fcctehidin muhalefetinin icmaya engel olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerler.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n muhalefetine kar\u015f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun ittifak\u0131 icma say\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf Cumhur ulema \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fini icma olarak g\u00f6rmez. \u0130mam Taberi, Hanefilerden Ebubekir Razi, Hanbelilerden \u0130bni Hamdan, Mutezileden Ebu\u2019l Huseyn Hayyat ve baz\u0131 Malikiler az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n muhalefetine ra\u011fmen icma\u0131n olu\u015fabilece\u011fini savunurlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00fcctehid tabi\u00eenin sahabeye muhalefeti icmaya engel olur mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf Bu konuda \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f iler s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kelamc\u0131lar\u0131n, Hanefi ve \u015eafi alimlerin ekserisinden olu\u015fan cumhurun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/strong>: Tabi\u00een e\u011fer sahabe icma\u0131 olu\u015fmadan \u00f6nce ictihad mertebesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhalefet sahabenin icma\u0131na engel olur. Yok, e\u011fer sahabe icma\u0131 olu\u015ftuktan sonra ictihad mertesine eri\u015fmi\u015fse muhalefetine itibar olunmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130cma\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in o asr\u0131n bitmesini, icma sahiplerinin \u00f6lmesini \u015fart ko\u015fanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc: <\/strong>Sahabe asr\u0131na yeti\u015fen bir tabi\u00eenin muhalefeti kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir surette sahabe icma\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Baz\u0131 kelamc\u0131lar\u0131n ve kendisinden bir rivayette Ahmed bin Hanbel\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc:<\/strong> Bu durumda tabi\u00eenin muhalefeti dikkate al\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Belli kesimlerin ittifak\u0131 icma say\u0131lmaz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u25cf <\/strong>Cumhura g\u00f6re, Medine ehlinin, ehli beytin, d\u00f6rt halife veya Hazreti Ebubekir ve \u00d6mer\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi icma say\u0131lmaz.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf Medine ehlinin ameli \u0130mam Malik\u2019e g\u00f6re icmad\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130mam Malik\u2019in Medine ehlinin amelini icma saymay\u0131p sadece di\u011ferlerine tercih etti\u011fi, baz\u0131lar\u0131 bununla asl\u0131nda sahabeyi kasdetti\u011fi yorumunu yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ehli beytin onay\u0131 da yaln\u0131z \u015eiilerce icma addedilmi\u015ftir. D\u00f6rt halifenin oybirli\u011fi kendisinden bir rivayette Ahmed bin Hanbel\u2019e ve Hanefilerden kad\u0131 Ebu Hazim\u2019e g\u00f6re icma say\u0131l\u0131r.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Icma_edenlerin_tevatur_sayisina_ulasmasi_sart_mi\"><strong>\u0130cma edenlerin tevat\u00fcr say\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fart m\u0131?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf \u0130cma\u0131n huccet olu\u015funu -\u00e7ok say\u0131da alimin hata \u00fczerinde birle\u015fmesi imkans\u0131zd\u0131r \u015feklinde- akli delile dayand\u0131ranlar, icma edenlerin tevat\u00fcr olu\u015fturacak say\u0131ya ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015farlar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k icma\u0131n huccetli\u011fini, sem\u00ee delillere (ayet ve hadislere) dayand\u0131ranlardan kimi tevat\u00fcr say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, kimileri g\u00f6rmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf E\u011fer bir as\u0131rda sadece tek m\u00fcctehid ya\u015f\u0131yorsa, onun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc icma say\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131? Bu hususta Hanbelilerin cumhuru evet derken, di\u011ferleri hay\u0131r, bu icma olmaz, cemaat olmak i\u00e7in mutlaka iki ki\u015fi olmal\u0131 demi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Icma-i_sukuti_delil_sayilir_mi\"><strong>\u0130cma-\u0131 s\u00fck\u00fbti delil say\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf Bir m\u00fcctehidin verdi\u011fi h\u00fckm\u00fc duymalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n onay veya red \u015feklinde bir a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulunmamas\u0131 anlam\u0131nda icma-i s\u00fck\u00fbtinin huccet de\u011ferinin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alimler aras\u0131nda ciddi ihtilaf meselesidir. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hanefi ve Hanbelilerin ekserisinin, \u0130sferayini ve \u015eirazi gibi baz\u0131 \u015eafilerin ve Mutezile\u2019den C\u00fcbb\u00e2i\u2019nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc: <\/strong>\u0130cma-\u0131 s\u00fck\u00fbti tam anlam\u0131yla bir icmad\u0131r ve huccettir. Tabi Hanbeliler ve C\u00fcbb\u00e2i icmaya verilen bu sessiz onay\u0131n o asr\u0131n sonuna dek s\u00fcrmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylerler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zahirilerin ve mezheb-i cedidinde \u0130mam \u015eafii\u2019nin ve genel \u015eafi mezhebinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc: <\/strong>\u0130cma-\u0131 s\u00fck\u00fbti ger\u00e7ekte bir icma ve huccet de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ebu H\u00e2\u015fim <\/strong>(Ebu Ali C\u00fcbb\u00e2i\u2019nin o\u011flu) <strong>ve Amidi\u2019nin tercih etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f: <\/strong>Huccettir, fakat icma de\u011fildir.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Gazzali\u2019nin tercih etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f: <\/strong>Sessiz kalanlar\u0131n onay verdi\u011fine dair ipucu varsa, ancak icma ve huccet olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130cma\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in asr\u0131n sona ermesi \u015fart m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf Bir meselede icmaa varan alimlerin \u00f6lmesinin \u015fart olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6ylelikle art\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden d\u00f6nme imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n kalmamas\u0131 hususunda birka\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hanefilerin, \u0130mam Malik\u2019in, E\u015farilerin, Mutezile\u2019nin ve baz\u0131 \u015eafiilerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/strong>: Asr\u0131n sona ermesi icma\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fart de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130mam Ahmed bin Hanbel\u2019in, \u00e7o\u011fu Hanbelilerin ve \u0130bni Furek\u2019in tercih etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f: <\/strong>G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden d\u00f6nmedikleri net anla\u015f\u0131ls\u0131n diye icma\u0131 sa\u011flayan alimlerin \u00f6lmesini beklemek gerekir. Ancak o zaman icma olu\u015ftu diyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Amidi\u2019nin, Ebu mensur Ba\u011fdadi\u2019nin ve baz\u0131 \u015eafiilerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc: <\/strong>Asr\u0131n sona ermesi, sadece icma-\u0131 s\u00fck\u00fbtiler i\u00e7in \u015fartt\u0131r.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu t\u00fcr sessiz onayl\u0131 icmalar, kat\u00ee ve sarih icmaa nazaran daha zay\u0131ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Icmain_kaynagi\"><strong>\u0130cma\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf Bir \u015faz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn alimler -dinde delilsiz h\u00fck\u00fcm verilemeyece\u011fi i\u00e7in- icma\u0131n \u015feri bir dayana\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylerler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf Buras\u0131 m\u00fcsellem olmakla birlikte, icma\u0131n mesnedinin k\u0131yas olmas\u0131 durumu ihtilafl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funluk bu durumda da icma\u0131n huccet oldu\u011funu, bu t\u00fcr icmaa muhalefetin haram say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n baz\u0131 alimler, neticede onun da bir ictihad eseri oldu\u011funu delil g\u00f6stererek, farkl\u0131&nbsp; bir ictihad sonucu sergilenen muhalefetin haram olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederler.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130ki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ihtilaflarda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ileri s\u00fcrmek<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf Cumhura g\u00f6re, bir as\u0131rda alimler sadece iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015flarsa, bir daha \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemez. Hanefilerden kimi, bunun sahabeye has oldu\u011funu, iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f tabi\u00eene aitse, sonrakilerin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ileri s\u00fcrebilece\u011fini savunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf Zahiriler ve baz\u0131 Hanefiler b\u00f6yle bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 do\u011fru bulmazlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf \u015e\u00f6yle detayland\u0131rmaya gidenler de olmu\u015ftur: \u0130leri s\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, e\u011fer \u00f6nceki iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ittifak etti\u011fi noktay\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131racaksa buna m\u00fcsaade etmeyiz. Yok e\u011fer b\u00f6yle de\u011filse -icma\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fneme anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in- \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ortaya at\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00d6nceki asr\u0131n iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden birinde sonraki as\u0131rda ittifak sa\u011flanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u25cf <\/strong>Bir mesele \u00fczerinde ya\u015fanan ikili ihtilaf, sonraki as\u0131rda yerini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerden birinde ittifaka b\u0131rak\u0131rsa,Hanefiler, Mutezililer ve ekseri \u015eafiiler bunun icma oldu\u011funu ve huccet de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunurlar. Cumhur bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 as\u0131rdaki ihtilaf sonras\u0131 sa\u011flanan ittifak\u0131 da icma ve huccet sayar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf&nbsp; \u0130mam Ahmed bin Hanbel, Ebubekir Sayrafi, Ebu\u2019l Hasen E\u015fari, \u0130mam\u00fcl Harameyn, Gazzali ve Amidi gibi baz\u0131 usulc\u00fcler sonraki as\u0131rda, iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ften birinde sa\u011flanan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011finin icma de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kab\u00fcl etmezler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Icma_ile_sabit_bir_hukmu_inkar_etmek\"><strong>\u0130cma ile sabit bir h\u00fckm\u00fc inkar etmek<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u25cf <\/strong>Kat\u00ee bir icmay\u0131 inkar k\u00fcf\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Fahr\u00fc\u2019l \u0130slamPezdevi \u015f\u00f6yle der: Tabi\u00eenin icmas\u0131, me\u015fhur haber mesabesindedir. Kendisinden \u00f6nce ihtilaf vaki olan icma ise, sahih \u00e2h\u00e2d haber h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda nesh, ancak e\u015fit de\u011fere sahip kar\u015f\u0131t bir h\u00fck\u00fcmle ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf Amidi\u2019nin \u0130hkam\u2019\u0131nda tercihe \u015fayan buldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, e\u011fer icma be\u015f vakit namaz, Allah\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fi ve Peygamberlik gibi dinin as\u0131llar\u0131na ait bir h\u00fck\u00fcm ise, onu inkar k\u00fcf\u00fcrd\u00fcr. E\u011fer do\u011frudan dinin temelleriyle alakal\u0131 de\u011filse, inkar eden kafir olmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><em>\u015eema Muzzefferuddin \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019s-Saat\u00ee\u2019nin (v.694) us\u00fclde fukaha ve m\u00fctekellimin metodunu mezceden \u00f6nc\u00fc kitab\u0131 Nih\u00e2yet\u00fc\u2019l-Vus\u00fbl il\u00e2 Ilmi\u2019l-Us\u00fbl kitab\u0131ndan \u00f6zetlenmi\u015f olup, yo\u011fun \u015fekilde Sa\u2019d \u011earir Mehdi es-S\u00fclemi\u2019nin tahkiklerinden istifade edilmi\u015ftir. &nbsp;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131lar:<br><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/bes-soruda-icma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Be\u015f Soruda \u0130cma\"><strong>5 Soruda \u0130cma<\/strong><br><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/delil-nedir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Delil Nedir?\"><strong>Delil Nedir?<br><\/strong><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/kiyas-nedir\/\" title=\"K\u0131yas Nedir?\"><strong>K\u0131yas Nedir?<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130&ccedil;indekilerLu\u011favi ve \u0131stilahi tarifi\u0130cma\u0131n huccet oldu\u011funa dair ayet ve hadisler\u0130cma\u0131n olu\u015fum ve bilinme imkan\u0131\u0130cma edenlerin tevat\u00fcr say\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fart m\u0131?\u0130cma-\u0131 s\u00fck\u00fbti delil say\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131?\u0130cma\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131\u0130cma ile sabit bir h\u00fckm\u00fc inkar etmek Lu\u011favi ve \u0131stilahi tarifi \u25cf \u0130cma lugatta \u201cbir \u015feye karar vermek\u201d ve \u201cbir konu \u00fczerinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fine varmak,\u201d us\u00fbl ilminde \u201c\u00fcmmeti Muhammed\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcn ehl-i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":4217,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3799"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3799"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3799\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5066,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3799\/revisions\/5066"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4217"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3799"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3799"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}