\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Orta Do\u011fu co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle de Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n dinlerin ve uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n ana merkezi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. \u0130lk defa yaz\u0131 Mezopotamya\u2019da S\u00fcmerliler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de bahsi ge\u00e7en peygamberler bu b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. S\u00fcmerce, Akad\u00e7a, Babilce gibi antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n dilleri hep bu co\u011frafyada do\u011fmu\u015f ve geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Araplar ise, Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n hemen g\u00fcneyinde Arabistan yar\u0131madas\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen topraklar\u0131 kendilerine yurt edinmi\u015f bir millettir ve eski uygarl\u0131klarla yak\u0131ndan temas halinde olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Zira o d\u00f6nemde Arabistan yar\u0131madas\u0131, Hindistan\u2019dan gelen deniz yolunu, karadan Orta Do\u011fu ve Avrupa\u2019ya ba\u011flayan bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc g\u00f6revi icra etmi\u015ftir. Hindistan\u2019dan gemilerle Yemen\u2019e gelen ticaret mallar\u0131 deve kervanlar\u0131yla K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz boyunca kuzeye, yani Mekke ve Medine \u00fczerinden antik Petra kentine ve \u015eam\u2019a ula\u015fmakta, oradan da Anadolu ve Avrupa kentlerine g\u00f6nderilmekteydi. Bu nedenle, Araplar kom\u015fu toplumlarla s\u00fcrekli ticari ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7indeydiler. Tarih boyunca ticaret, sadece mal ve \u00fcr\u00fcn al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fiyle kalmam\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. Nas\u0131l ki, antik Yunan\u2019da mimar\u00ee ve heykelt\u0131ra\u015fl\u0131k gibi sanatsal faaliyetler \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fsa, Araplarda da, \u015fiir ve hit\u00e2bet sanat\u0131 pop\u00fcler duruma y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde Araplar, \u201cs\u00fbk\u201d (panay\u0131r) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri \u00f6zel mek\u00e2nlarda, hem ticaret mallar\u0131n\u0131 pazarlam\u0131\u015flar, hem de buralarda \u015fiir yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek k\u00fclt\u00fcrel aktiviteler icra etmi\u015flerdir. C\u00e2hiliyye ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00f6ncesi bu d\u00f6nemde, Arap toplumunda en \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011fer, \u015fiir s\u00f6yleme gelene\u011fidir. Araplar aras\u0131nda \u015fiir sanat\u0131, \u00f6zellikle mil\u00e2d\u00ee V. ve VI. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck reva\u00e7 bulmu\u015f, Uk\u00e2z Panay\u0131r\u0131\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenen yar\u0131\u015fmalarda s\u00f6ylenen \u015fiirler alt\u0131n yald\u0131zla yaz\u0131larak K\u00e2be duvarlar\u0131na as\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Muallaka ad\u0131 verilen bu \u015fiirler, edebiyat ve inan\u00e7 ili\u015fkisini g\u00f6steren \u00f6nemli bir kan\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde, \u015fiir ve hitabet arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla geli\u015fen Arap dili, ticar\u00ee m\u00fcnasebetler sonucu, di\u011fer milletlerin dillerinden al\u0131nan ve Arap\u00e7ala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle zenginlik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eairler ve hatipler, toplumda \u00e7ok \u00fcst bir stat\u00fc elde etmi\u015fler ve bilge ki\u015filer olarak de\u011fer g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Arap\u00e7ada \u015fiir s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201chissetmek\u201d, \u015f\u00e2ir ise \u201chisseden kimse\u201d anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Buradaki hissetme kavram\u0131, \u201cya\u015fam\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131\u201d ve \u201cmetafizik \u00e2lemi\u201d alg\u0131lamay\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2hiliyye d\u00f6neminde, dil ve edebiyat ba\u011flam\u0131nda, \u00fcst bir d\u00fczeye ula\u015fan Arap\u00e7a, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnlerde, \u0130l\u00e2h\u00ee mesaj\u0131 bi\u00e7im ve i\u00e7erik y\u00f6n\u00fcnden insanl\u0131\u011fa iletebilecek olgunlu\u011fa eri\u015fmi\u015f bir durumdad\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde Arap\u00e7a, gerek s\u00f6zc\u00fck ve kavram say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, gerekse \u00fcsl\u00fbp ve ifade g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 olan di\u011fer dillerin \u00e7ok \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde bir konuma sahiptir. Bu durumu \u015f\u00f6yle yorumlamam\u0131z da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: O d\u00f6nem itibariyle, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n kavramsal i\u00e7eri\u011fini ve edeb\u00ee boyutunu, Arap\u00e7a d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki di\u011fer diller, hakk\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131layabilecek g\u00fc\u00e7te de\u011fildi. Bug\u00fcn bile, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir dili Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n terc\u00fcmesini tam anlam\u0131yla ifade edecek yeterlikte de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u0130ngilizcede yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u00fcz adet Kur\u2019an \u00e7evirisi vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede Kur\u2019\u00e2n me\u00e2llerinin say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcz rakam\u0131na yakla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum g\u00f6stermektedir ki, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n, hem dil ve kavram zenginli\u011fi, hem de edeb\u00ee \u00fcsl\u00fbp ve anlat\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc Arap\u00e7a d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda di\u011fer dillerin eri\u015femeyecekleri kadar y\u00fcksek bir noktadad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019daki uhrev\u00ee kavramlar, du\u00e2 ifade eden c\u00fcmle yap\u0131lar\u0131, kullan\u0131lan s\u00f6z sanatlar\u0131, \u00e2yetler aras\u0131ndaki ses uyumu gibi bir\u00e7ok unsur ba\u015fka dillere orijinaliyle t\u0131pat\u0131p benze\u015fecek \u015fekilde aktar\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n \u015fiir ve nesirden farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imsel format\u0131 ve k\u00e2fiye \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fc, terc\u00fcme edildi\u011finde b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn kaybolmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Arap\u00e7a, \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde dil ve edebiyat y\u00f6n\u00fcnden sahip oldu\u011fu birikimle, son vahyin dili olmay\u0131 hak etmi\u015f ve \u0130l\u00e2h\u00ee mesaj\u0131 sadece Araplara de\u011fil, t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m dini ile birlikte Arap\u00e7a, bir \u0131rk\u0131n dili olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karak b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ortak dili h\u00e2line gelmi\u015f ve bu dile Arap olmayan bir\u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e2lim de emek vermi\u015ftir. Bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck ispat\u0131 ise, S\u00eebeveyh (\u00f6l. 796) gibi \u0130ranl\u0131 ve Zemah\u015fer\u00ee (\u00f6l. 1143) gibi T\u00fcrk Arap\u00e7a gramer bilginleridir. Bu gramer bilginleri (nahv \u00e2limleri) telif ettikleri Arap\u00e7a gramer kitaplar\u0131yla Arap diline hizmet etmi\u015flerdir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u015funu da belirtmek gerekir ki, \u0130sl\u00e2m tarihi boyunca Arap olmayan y\u00fczlerce \u00e2lim, din\u00ee ve edeb\u00ee eserlerini Arap\u00e7a kaleme alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden Arap\u00e7a, t\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ortak de\u011feridir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Orta Do\u011fu co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle de Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n dinlerin ve uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n ana merkezi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. \u0130lk defa yaz\u0131 Mezopotamya\u2019da S\u00fcmerliler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de bahsi ge\u00e7en peygamberler bu b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. S\u00fcmerce, Akad\u00e7a, Babilce gibi antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n dilleri hep bu co\u011frafyada do\u011fmu\u015f ve geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Araplar ise, Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n hemen g\u00fcneyinde Arabistan yar\u0131madas\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen topraklar\u0131 kendilerine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":4317,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[9],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3825"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3825"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3825\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4694,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3825\/revisions\/4694"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}