{"id":3882,"date":"2020-09-10T11:03:18","date_gmt":"2020-09-10T08:03:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=3882"},"modified":"2022-10-08T10:42:04","modified_gmt":"2022-10-08T07:42:04","slug":"sematik-beyan-ilmi-mustafa-ay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/sematik-beyan-ilmi-mustafa-ay\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015eematik Beyan \u0130lmi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#BELAGATA_GIRIS_BILGILERI\">BELA\u011eATA G\u0130R\u0130\u015e B\u0130LG\u0130LER\u0130<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#FESAHAT\">FESAHAT<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#BELAGAT\">BELA\u011eAT<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#USLUP\">\u00dcSLUP<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#BEYAN_ILMI\">BEYAN \u0130LM\u0130<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#TESBIHBENZETME\">TE\u015eB\u0130H\/BENZETME<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#HAKIKAT_ve_MECAZ\">HAK\u0130KAT ve MECAZ<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#KINAYE\">K\u0130NAYE<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"BELAGATA_GIRIS_BILGILERI\"><strong>BELA\u011eATA G\u0130R\u0130\u015e B\u0130LG\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"FESAHAT\">FESAHAT<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00f6zl\u00fckte beyan etme ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma durumunu ifade eder. Ayette Hz. Musa\u2019n\u0131n \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc nakledilir: \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062e\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0635\u064e\u062d\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650\u0651\u064a \u201cKarde\u015fim Harun benden daha fasihtir (konu\u015fmas\u0131 benden daha a\u00e7\u0131k ve s\u00f6z\u00fc daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131r).\u201d Maan\u00ee ilmi \u0131st\u0131lah\u0131nda fesahat ise, i\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k, kolay anla\u015f\u0131lan ve gerek edipler, gerek \u015fairler aras\u0131nda kullan\u0131m yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip laf\u0131zlar demektir. Buna g\u00f6re fesahat kelimede, kelamda ve konu\u015fan ki\u015fide bulunur: Fasih kelime, fasih kelam ve fasih konu\u015fan (m\u00fctekellim) gibi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>KEL\u0130MEDE FESAHAT\u0130N \u015eARTLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ten\u00e2f\u00fcr\u00fcl hur\u00fbf bulundurmamas\u0131, gar\u00e2bet bar\u0131nd\u0131rmamas\u0131, sarf\u00ee k\u0131yasa\/ l\u00fcgata ters d\u00fc\u015fmemesi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a- Ten\u00e2f\u00fcr\u00fcl hur\u00fbf bulundurmamas\u0131: Tenaf\u00fcr\u00fcl hur\u00fbf,&nbsp; bir kelimenin kula\u011fa a\u011f\u0131r gelmesi ve telaffuzunun zor olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sert yer anlam\u0131ndaki \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0634\u0650\u0651 kelimesi b\u00f6yledir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b- Gar\u00e2bet bar\u0131nd\u0131rmamas\u0131: Bir kelimenin konuldu\u011fu manaya delaletinin a\u00e7\u0131k olmamas\u0131na gar\u00e2bet denir. Bunun iki nedeni vard\u0131r: Birincisi, kelime Arap dilinde tedav\u00fclde de\u011fildir ve bu nedenle manas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in mucem ve kamuslara m\u00fcracaat gerekir. Bine\u011finden d\u00fc\u015fen \u0130sa b. Amr\u2019\u0131n etraf\u0131na toplanan insanlara \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651 \u062a\u0643\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0624\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0650\u064a \u062c\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064d \u061f \u0627\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0642\u0650\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0651\u064a \u201ccinnet ge\u00e7iren birine topland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z gibi benim ba\u015f\u0131mda niye topland\u0131n\u0131z? Uzakla\u015f\u0131n yan\u0131mdan!\u201d demesi bunun \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Burada toplanma anlam\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0623\u062a\u0645 kelimesi ve uzakla\u015f\u0131n anlam\u0131ndaki \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0627 kelimesi gariptir. \u0130kinci neden, kelimenin yayg\u0131n Arap\u00e7ada kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Ru\u2019be b. el-Accac\u2019\u0131n \u015fiirindeki \u0645\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062c\u064e\u0627 kelimesini buna \u00f6rnek verebiliriz. L\u00fcgat \u00e2limleri bu s\u00f6zc\u00fckle Ru\u2019be b. el-Accac\u2019\u0131n ne kastetti\u011fi hususunda ihtilafa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c- Sarf\u00ee k\u0131yasa\/ l\u00fcgav\u00ee kullan\u0131ma ters d\u00fc\u015fmemesi: Bununla fasih olacak kelimenin l\u00fcgat\u00e7\u0131larca sabit olan yap\u0131ya ters d\u00fc\u015fmemesi gerekti\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Ebu\u2019n Necm\u2019in \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062f\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0644\u0650 &nbsp;c\u00fcmlesindeki \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u0644 kelimesi bu \u015fart\u0131 haiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in fasih de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u0131yasa g\u00f6re kelimenin id\u011faml\u0131 olarak, yani \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u0650\u0651 \u015feklinde s\u00f6ylenilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>KELAMDA FESAHAT\u0130N \u015eARTLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ten\u00e2f\u00fcr\u00fcl kelim\u00e2t bulundurmamas\u0131, za\u2019f\u00fct-telif i\u00e7ermemesi, ta\u2019kidden uzak olmas\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a- Ten\u00e2f\u00fcr\u00fcl kelim\u00e2t bulundurmamas\u0131: Kelimenin her biri kendi ba\u015f\u0131na fasih olsa bile, birbirlerine biti\u015fmeleri kula\u011fa a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ve dile zorluk vermemelidir. \u015eairin \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064e\u0631\u0628\u064e \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0650 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064d \u0642\u0628\u0631\u064f dizesi bu t\u00fcr kelam ve c\u00fcmle ten\u00e2f\u00fcrlar\u0131na misaldir.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b- Za\u2019f\u00fct-telif i\u00e7ermemesi: Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle telif zaaf\u0131, kelam\u0131n me\u015fhur sabit kaidelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131d\u0131r. Mesela Hassan b. Sabit\u2019in \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u064e\u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064e\u062e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0650\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u062f\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0631\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0645\u0627 \u015fiirinde b\u00f6ylesi bir ay\u0131p s\u00f6z konusudur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fair \u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u062f\u064f\u0647\u064f\u2019deki zamiri \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0645\u0627 kelimesine g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Halbuki bu kelime meful-i bih olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcyle mertebece sonrad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c- Ta\u2019kidden uzak olmas\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lafz\u00ee ta\u2019kid: <\/strong>Kelimelerin manalar\u0131n tertibinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131ralanmas\u0131 \u015feklinde, kelam\u0131n kastedilen manaya delaletinin gizli olmas\u0131d\u0131r. &nbsp;B\u00f6ylesi bir ta\u2019kid, pe\u015fpe\u015fe gelmesi gereken kelimelerin aras\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 bir kelimeyle ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yla ve herhangi bir takdim ve tehirle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.&nbsp; \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064c \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 c\u00fcmlesi bu \u015farta uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in fasih say\u0131lmaz. Fasih dizili\u015fi, \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Manev\u00ee ta\u2019kid:<\/strong> Manan\u0131n ancak uzun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme sonucu anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015feklinde kelam\u0131n maksut manaya delaletinin gizli olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Abbas b. el-Ahnef\u2019in \u0633\u064e\u0623\u0637\u0644\u064f\u0628\u064f \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0650\u062a\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0628\u064f \u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0627\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0639\u064e \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0627 \u015fiiri buna \u00f6rnektir. \u015eairin burada g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n akmas\u0131n\u0131 (sekbud-dum\u00fb\u2019) dostlardan ayr\u0131lman\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi h\u00fcz\u00fcn ve ac\u0131dan kinaye etmekle do\u011fru yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, fakat g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n donmas\u0131n\u0131 (c\u00fcm\u00fbd\u00fcl-ayn) dostlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 ferah ve mutluluktan kinaye etmekle hata yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr kinaye gayet gizli ve uzak ihtimaldir. Zira Arap dilinde g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n donuklu\u011fu h\u00fcz\u00fcn halinde a\u011flayamama durumundan kinaye olarak bilinir. Yoksa \u015fairin burada yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi mutlulu\u011fa kinaye edilmesi bilinen bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>KONU\u015eANDA FESAHAT\u0130N \u015eARTLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Konu\u015fan\u0131n meram\u0131n\u0131 fasih bir kelamla ifade etmesine imk\u00e2n veren melekeden ibarettir. B\u00f6ylelikle konu\u015fan ki\u015fi fesahati sayesinde edeb\u00ee bak\u0131mdan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde fasih c\u00fcmle kurabilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"BELAGAT\">BELA\u011eAT<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bela\u011fat s\u00f6zl\u00fckte ula\u015fmak ve sona varmak anlam\u0131na gelir. Amac\u0131na ula\u015fan ki\u015fi i\u00e7in \u0628\u0644\u063a\u064e \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0647 denmesi ve \u201ckafile \u015fehre vard\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131nda \u0628\u0644\u063a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064e c\u00fcmlesinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 bunun \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Ist\u0131lahta bela\u011fat, yaln\u0131zca kelam\u0131n ve konu\u015fan ki\u015finin s\u0131fat\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan edeb\u00ee kavramd\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re kelime bela\u011fatla, beli\u011f olmakla vas\u0131flanamaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hem kelime tek ba\u015f\u0131na konu\u015fan\u0131n maksad\u0131na ula\u015fmaya elveri\u015fli de\u011fildir, hem de kelimenin beli\u011f oldu\u011funa dair Araplardan herhangi bir duyum gelmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>KELAMIN BELA\u011eATLI\/BEL\u0130\u011e OLMASI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir c\u00fcmlenin bela\u011fatl\u0131 olmas\u0131, gerek m\u00fcfredi gerekse terkibiyle laf\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n fesahatl\u0131 olmas\u0131yla birlikte, hitap an\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdiklerine uygun d\u00fc\u015fmesidir. Buna g\u00f6re beli\u011f kelam, konu\u015fan\u0131n muhataplar\u0131n durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re bi\u00e7imlendirdi\u011fi s\u00f6zlerdir. Hitap an\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, konu\u015fan\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcn belli \u015fekilde sarfedilmesine iten durumdur ki makam diye de isimlendirilir. Mesela \u00f6vg\u00fc makam\u0131, s\u00f6z\u00fcn detayl\u0131ca (itnab) s\u00f6ylenmesini gerektirirken, muhatab\u0131n zeki olu\u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc k\u0131sa tutmay\u0131 (icaz) gerektirir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, beli\u011f kelam, halin yani makam\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fine uygun d\u00fc\u015fen fasih kelamlara denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>KONU\u015eANIN BELA\u011eATLI OLMASI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu \u00f6zellik, konu\u015fan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc muktaza-i h\u00e2le (halin gere\u011fine) uygun beli\u011f kelam sarfedebilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan bir melekedir. Bu durum ancak \u00f6vg\u00fcs\u00fc, yergisi, nefreti, te\u015fekk\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u00f6zr\u00fcyle Araplar\u0131n \u00fcsluplar\u0131ndan haberdar olan ki\u015fi i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00d6yle ya, her makam\u0131n bir mak\u00e2li (s\u00f6z\u00fc) vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"USLUP\">\u00dcSLUP<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dcslup, maksad\u0131 en iyi ifade edecek ve dinleyenlere en \u00e7ok etki b\u0131rakacak \u015fekilde manan\u0131n laf\u0131zlarda sunulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00dcSLUBUN T\u00dcRLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130LM\u00ce USLUB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fczg\u00fcn mant\u0131\u011fa ve do\u011fru fikre en \u00e7ok ihtiyac\u0131 olan, \u015fiirsel hayale en uzak duran anlat\u0131m \u00fcslubudur. Do\u011frudan akl\u0131 muhatap almakta, fikre \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmakta ve genelde gizlilik ve kapal\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7eren ilm\u00ee hakikatleri izah etmektedir. \u015eu anlat\u0131m\u0131 ilm\u00ee \u00fcsluba \u00f6rnek verebiliriz: \u201cDemir, bir\u00e7ok metal gibi, yery\u00fcz\u00fc kabu\u011funda oksijen veya s\u00fclf\u00fcr gibi di\u011fer elementlerle kombine olmu\u015f halde, sadece cevher \u015feklinde bulunur.\u201d \u0130lm\u00ee \u00fcslubun lafz\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fine ve ifadenin esteti\u011fine \u00f6nem vermeyen saf (\u00fcsl\u00fbb-i ilm\u00ee baht) ve bunlara -edeb\u00ee \u00fcsluba ka\u00e7mayacak kadar- \u00f6nem veren kat\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 (\u00fcsl\u00fbb-i ilm\u00ee m\u00fcteeddeb) \u015feklinde iki k\u0131sm\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130LM\u00ce \u00dcSLUBUN M\u00dcMEYY\u0130Z VASIFLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1- Dinleyici ya da okuyucu i\u00e7in hakikatlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2- A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k, kesinlik, s\u0131n\u0131rlama ve mant\u0131k\u00ee tertibe sahip olmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3- Delil ve burhan kullanmas\u0131, m\u00fcbala\u011fadan uzak olmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4- Hayali ve vicdan\u0131 etkilemeyi ama\u00e7lamamas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5- Anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konuya dair ilm\u00ee \u0131st\u0131lahlar\u0131 kullanmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>EDEB\u00ce \u00dcSLUB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u00e7erdi\u011fi engin hayal y\u00f6n\u00fc, ince tasvir ve \u015feyler aras\u0131 benzerlikle g\u00fczellik, edeb\u00ee \u00fcslubun en belirgin \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. B\u00f6ylelikle hissedilen bir \u015feyi manevi, manevi bir \u015feyi hissedilen suretinde g\u00f6sterebilir. Edeb\u00ee \u00fcsluba M\u00fctenebb\u00ee\u2019nin humma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gece ziyaret\u00e7ilerine benzetti\u011fi \u015fu beyitlerini \u00f6rnek verebiliriz: \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0627 &nbsp;&nbsp;\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621&nbsp; \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u201cZiyaret\u00e7ilerim, t\u0131pk\u0131 hay\u00e2 sahipleri gibi ancak karanl\u0131kta bana gelirler. Kendilerine ne kadar ipek \u00f6rt\u00fcler ve d\u00f6\u015fekler sersem de bunlar\u0131 reddeder ve kemiklerimde gecelerler.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>EBEB\u00ce \u00dcSLUBUN M\u00dcMEYY\u0130Z VASIFLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>1- Dinleyici ya da okuyucunun g\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fc etkilemeyi hedeflemesi<\/p><p>2- Kelimelerin se\u00e7iminde tesir fakt\u00f6r\u00fcne \u00f6nem verilmesi<\/p><p>3- Fikri duygusall\u0131kla harmanlamas\u0131<\/p><p>4- Te\u015fbih, istiare ve kinaye gibi beyan t\u00fcrlerini kullanmas\u0131<\/p><p>5- Hisleri harekete ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in metnin musikisine dikkat etmesi<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u0130TAB\u00ce \u00dcSLUB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hitabette mana ve lafz\u0131n, h\u00fcccet ve burhan\u0131n ve dinamik akl\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6n plandad\u0131r. Burada konu\u015fmac\u0131 dinleyicilerin bilin\u00e7lerini etkilemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta ve heveslerini harekete ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00fcslubun g\u00fczelli\u011finin dinleyenlerin i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Tabii etkiyi art\u0131ran bir di\u011fer husus, hatibin konumu, sunum g\u00fcc\u00fc, ses tonu ve vurgu y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr. Hz. Ebubekir\u2019in halife se\u00e7ilince verdi\u011fi hutbeyi hitabet \u00fcslubuna \u00f6rnek verebiliriz: \u201cEy M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar! Sizin en hay\u0131rl\u0131n\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m halde, sizi idare etmek i\u00e7in se\u00e7ildim. \u0130yilik yaparsam bana yard\u0131m ediniz. K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yaparsam beni d\u00fczeltiniz. Do\u011fruluk emanet, yalanc\u0131l\u0131k h\u0131yanettir. Sizin yan\u0131n\u0131zda zay\u0131f olanlar, haklar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131ncaya kadar benim yan\u0131mda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcrler. Yan\u0131n\u0131zdaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcler de, onlar \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131 al\u0131ncaya kadar yan\u0131mda g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczd\u00fcrler.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u0130TAB\u00ce \u00dcSLUBUN M\u00dcMEYY\u0130Z VASIFLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>1- Tekrar\u0131n, e\u015fanlaml\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin ve darb-\u0131 mesellerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p><p>2- Vurucu kelimelerin se\u00e7ilmesi<\/p><p>3- Haberden soruya, \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131ktan ink\u00e2ra bir\u00e7ok anlat\u0131m t\u00fcr\u00fcne bir arada yer verilmesi<\/p><p>4- Konu\u015fman\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle gerekli mesaj\u0131n verildi\u011fi noktada sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"BEYAN_ILMI\"><strong>BEYAN \u0130LM\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"TESBIHBENZETME\">TE\u015eB\u0130H\/BENZETME<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TE\u015eB\u0130H\u0130N TAR\u0130F\u0130:<\/strong> A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a zikredilen veya zihinden ge\u00e7irilen \u201ck\u201d ve benzeri edatlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bir veya birka\u00e7 \u015feyin di\u011fer \u015feylerle bir veya birka\u00e7 vas\u0131fta ortak oldu\u011funun ifade edilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T<strong>E\u015eB\u0130H\u0130N TEMEL \u00d6GELER\u0130:<\/strong> Te\u015fbihin d\u00f6rt unsuru vard\u0131r: M\u00fc\u015febbeh\/benzetilen, m\u00fc\u015febbeh\u00fcn bih\/kendisine benzetilen, te\u015fbih edat\u0131 ve vech-i \u015febeh\/ benzerlik noktas\u0131. Bu noktan\u0131n m\u00fc\u015febbeh\u00fcn bihte daha belirgin olmas\u0131 gerekir. \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u201cSen cesarette ve sald\u0131rganl\u0131kta aslan gibisin.\u201d \u00d6rnekte \u201csen\u201d m\u00fc\u015febbeh\/benzetilen, \u201caslan\u201d m\u00fc\u015febbeh\u00fcn bih\/kendisine benzetilen, \u201c\u0643\u0627\/gibi\u201d harfi te\u015fbih edat\u0131, \u201ccesaret ve sald\u0131rganl\u0131k\u201d ise vech-i \u015febeh\/benzetme noktas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TE\u015eB\u0130H\u0130N KISIMLARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1- Te\u015fbih-i m\u00fcrsel: Benzetme edat\u0131 zikredilen te\u015fbihlerdir. \u00d6rnek: \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627 &nbsp;\u201cY\u0131ld\u0131zlar sanki par\u0131lt\u0131lard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2- Te\u015fbih-i m\u00fcekked: Benzetme edat\u0131 hazfedilen te\u015fbihlerdir. \u00d6rnek: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u201cHalbuki onlar (da\u011flar) bulutlar\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla (ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi) ak\u0131p giderler.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3- Te\u015fbih-i m\u00fccmel: Benzetme y\u00f6n\u00fc (vech-i \u015febeh) hazfedilen te\u015fbihlerdir. \u00d6rnek: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u201c\u00c2lim, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumun kandilidir.\u201d Burada hangi noktada kandil oldu\u011fu, yani benzetme y\u00f6n\u00fc ifade edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4- Te\u015fbih-i m\u00fcfassal: Benzetme y\u00f6n\u00fc zikredilen te\u015fbihlerdir. \u00d6rnek: \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0631\u0636\u064a\u062a \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u201cMemnum oldu\u011fum zaman t\u0131pk\u0131 su gibi sakin ve duru olurum.\u201d Sakin ve duru (saf\u00e2), misalin benzetme y\u00f6nleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5- Te\u015fbih-i beli\u011f: Hem benzetme edat\u0131n\u0131n hem benzetme y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn hazfedildi\u011fi te\u015fbihlerdir. \u00d6rnek: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062f \u201cAli asland\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TE\u015eB\u0130H-\u0130 TEMS\u0130L\/YAYGIN BENZETME<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Benzetme y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn birka\u00e7 kelime ve \u00f6zellikten olu\u015ftu\u011fu, ba\u015fka ifadeyle kendisine benzetilenin benzeyenin b\u00fct\u00fcn nitelik ve durumlar\u0131n\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi te\u015fbihlere temsil denir. \u00d6rnek: &nbsp;\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631&nbsp; \u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631 \u201cA\u011fac\u0131n etraf\u0131nda savrulan yapraklar misali savruldu \u00f6mr\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00fcnleri.\u201d G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, benzetme \u00f6geleri misalde birden fazla ve ayr\u0131lmayacak denli i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir. Benzetilen ne \u00f6m\u00fcr ne g\u00fcnler; \u00f6mr\u00fcn g\u00fcnleri. Kendisine benzetilen de ne a\u011fa\u00e7 ne yapraklar; a\u011fac\u0131n yapraklar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TE\u015eB\u0130H-\u0130 ZIMN\u00ce\/DOLAYLI BENZETME<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fc\u015febbeh ve m\u00fc\u015febbehi bihin al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f terkiplerindeki gibi s\u0131ralanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, aksine c\u00fcmle i\u00e7inde sakland\u0131klar\u0131 te\u015fbihlere denir. Bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f amac\u0131, m\u00fc\u015febbehe isnad edilen h\u00fckm\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilece\u011fini ifade etmektir. \u00d6rnek: \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u201cD\u00fc\u015fene d\u00fc\u015fmek (al\u00e7a\u011fa al\u00e7akl\u0131k) kolay gelir. \u00d6l\u00fcye yaralanma ac\u0131 vermez.\u201d Burada dolayl\u0131 olarak m\u00fc\u015febbehin al\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n hali, m\u00fc\u015febbehi bihin ise \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn hali oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yoruz. Vech-i \u015febeh, yani ortak nokta ise bir \u015feye al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k kazan\u0131p da art\u0131k onu hissetmeyen ki\u015finin halidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TE\u015eB\u0130H-\u0130 MAKL\u00dbB\/TERS TE\u015eB\u0130H<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Benzeyenin -benzetme y\u00f6n\u00fc kendisinde daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in-&nbsp; kendisine benzetilen yerine konuldu\u011fu te\u015fbihlere denir. \u00d6rnek: \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062d \u201cSabah oldu. Onun ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6v\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zamanki halifenin y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibidir.\u201d Burada normalde m\u00fc\u015febbeh\u00fcn bih olmas\u0131 gereken sabah ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, aksine m\u00fc\u015febbeh konumuna indirilerek halifenin y\u00fcz\u00fcne benzetilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TE\u015eB\u0130H\u0130N AMA\u00c7LARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1- Benzeyenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu beyan: Garip bir durum kendisine isnad edildi\u011finde, kendisine benzetilenin (m\u00fc\u015febbehi bihin) zikredilmesi benzeyenin de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fini anlat\u0131r. \u00d6rnek: \u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u201cKa\u00e7 baba vard\u0131r ki \u015ferefin zirvesindeki o\u011flu sayesinde y\u00fccelmi\u015ftir. T\u0131pk\u0131 Allah Ras\u00fcl\u00fc sayesinde Adnan\u2019\u0131n y\u00fcceldi\u011fi gibi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2- Benzeyenin halini beyan: Te\u015fbihten \u00f6nce benzeyenin s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n bilinmedi\u011fi durumlarda te\u015fbih bu bilinirli\u011fi sa\u011flar. \u00d6rnek: \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0637\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0627&nbsp; \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u201cYuvas\u0131ndaki ya\u015f ve kuru haldeki ku\u015f kalpleri, h\u00fcnnap ve k\u00f6t\u00fc hurma(gibi)dir.\u201d Burada \u015fair ku\u015fun ya\u015f kalbini renk ve \u015fekilde h\u00fcnnaba, kurusunu ise adi hurmaya benzetmektedir. Kendisine benzetilen meyveler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla benzeyen, yani ku\u015f kalpleri bilinirlik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3- Benzeyenin halinin miktar\u0131n\u0131 beyan: Te\u015fbihten \u00f6nce benzeyenin halinin sadece genel manada bilindi\u011fi durumlarda te\u015fbih detay bilinirlik sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4- Benzeyenin halinin detayland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131: Benzeyene isnad edilen durumun bir misal \u00fczerinden izaha muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu durumlarda te\u015fbih bu detay izah\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5- Benzeyenin muhatab\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde g\u00fczelle\u015ftirilmesi veya \u00e7irkinle\u015ftirilmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"HAKIKAT_ve_MECAZ\">HAK\u0130KAT ve MECAZ<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1- MECAZ-I L\u00dcGAV\u00ce\/LAFIZDAK\u0130 MECAZ<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mecaz-\u0131 l\u00fcgav\u00ee, bir kelimenin -hakiki manan\u0131n kastedilmesini engelleyen bir karine ile birlikte- konuldu\u011fu manan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hakik\u00ee mana ile mecaz\u00ee mana aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fcnasebet, bazen benzerlik\/m\u00fc\u015fabehet, bazen de ba\u015fka \u015fey olabilir. Karine de baz\u0131 kere lafz\u00ee, baz\u0131 kere hal\u00eedir. Bu durumlara g\u00f6re, mecaz birka\u00e7 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rnek: \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0632\u0650\u0651\u0644\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0631\u0632\u0652\u0642\u0627\u064b \u201cO size g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnden r\u0131z\u0131k indirir.\u201d Ayette g\u00f6kten indi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen r\u0131z\u0131k hakik\u00ee anlamda kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6kten r\u0131z\u0131k de\u011fil, sonu\u00e7ta r\u0131zka kavu\u015fturan ya\u011fmur iner. O halde sebebiyet alakas\u0131yla burada mecaz s\u00f6zkonusudur. L\u00fcgav\u00ee mecaz\u0131n istiare ve mecaz-\u0131 m\u00fcrsel diye iki k\u0131sm\u0131 bulunur. K\u0131saca mecaz\u00ee mana ile hakik\u00ee mana aras\u0131ndaki alakan\u0131n benzerlik\/m\u00fc\u015fabehet oldu\u011fu mecazlara istiare, benzerlik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 alakan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu mecazlara mecaz-\u0131 m\u00fcrsel denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A- \u0130ST\u0130ARE\/ E\u011eRET\u0130LEME<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mecaz-\u0131 l\u00fcgav\u00ee kapsam\u0131ndaki istiare, iki taraf\u0131ndan biri (m\u00fc\u015febbeh veya m\u00fc\u015febbehi bih) hazfedilen te\u015fbihlere denir. Burada hakik\u00ee mana ile mecaz\u00ee mana aras\u0131ndaki alaka daima benzerlik\/m\u00fc\u015fabehettir. \u0130stiare m\u00fcstear (benzetilen\/m\u00fc\u015febbeh-i bihin lafz\u0131), m\u00fcstear-\u0131 minh (m\u00fc\u015febbeh\u00fcn bihin manas\u0131), m\u00fcstear-\u0131 leh (benzeyen\/m\u00fc\u015febbeh), alaka (benzerlik\/m\u00fc\u015fabehet) ve karine \u00f6gelerinden olu\u015fur. \u00d6rnek: \u0625\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u201cOlgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve kopar\u0131lma vakti gelmi\u015f baz\u0131 ba\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. Onlar\u0131n sahibi benim.\u201d Haccac\u2019\u0131n bu s\u00f6z\u00fcnde ba\u015flar\u0131n kendisine benzetildi\u011fi\/m\u00fc\u015febbehi bih meyveler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a zikredilmemi\u015f, fakat bunu anlatan olgunla\u015fma ve kopar\u0131lma karineleri getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu t\u00fcr kullan\u0131mlara istiare denir. Misalde m\u00fcstear meyveler, m\u00fcstear-\u0131 minh meyvelerin anlam\u0131 olan yemi\u015f bitkiler, m\u00fcstear-\u0131 leh ba\u015flar, alaka meyve-ba\u015f aras\u0131ndaki benzerlik ve karine olgunla\u015fma\/kopar\u0131lma \u00f6geleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00dcSTEARIN\/M\u00dc\u015eEBBEH-\u0130 B\u0130H\u0130N Z\u0130KRED\u0130LMES\u0130 A\u00c7ISINDAN \u0130ST\u0130ARE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130ST\u0130ARE-\u0130 TASR\u0130H\u0130YE\/A\u00c7IK \u0130ST\u0130ARE:<\/strong> Sadece kendisine benzetilenin, yani m\u00fc\u015febbehi bihin zikredildi\u011fi istiareler tasrihiye, yani a\u00e7\u0131k istiare ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. \u00d6rnek: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u201c\u0130nsanlar\u0131 zul\u00fcm\u00e2ttan\/ karanl\u0131klardan nura \u00e7\u0131karman i\u00e7in sana indirdi\u011fimiz bir kitapt\u0131r bu.\u201d Burada zulum\u00e2t ve nur kelimeleri ger\u00e7ek anlamlar\u0131nda de\u011fil, k\u00fcf\u00fcr ve hidayet anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle k\u00fcf\u00fcr zul\u00fcm\u00e2ta, hidayet nura benzetilmi\u015f, lakin benzeyenler (k\u00fcf\u00fcr ve hidayet) zikredilmemi\u015f, kendilerine benzetme yap\u0131lanlar\/m\u00fc\u015febbehi bihler (zul\u00fcmat ve nur) zikredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130ST\u0130ARE-\u0130 MEKN\u0130YE\/KAPALI \u0130ST\u0130ARE:<\/strong> Kendisine benzetilenin, yani m\u00fc\u015febbehi bihin hazfedildi\u011fi istiarelere istiare-i mekniye, yani kapal\u0131 istiare denir. Genel istiare ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n izah\u0131ndaki Haccac\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc bu k\u0131sma \u00f6rnektir. Oraya bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>UYGUN \u0130FADEYE YER VER\u0130LMES\u0130 A\u00c7ISINDAN \u0130ST\u0130ARE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130ST\u0130ARE-\u0130 M\u00dcRA\u015e\u015eAHA:<\/strong> Kendisine benzetme yap\u0131lan laf\u0131zla ilgili bir kelimenin zikredildi\u011fi istiare t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0623\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0640\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0634\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u064f\u0627\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0647\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0649 \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u062d\u064e\u062a \u062a\u0650\u0651\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u201cOnlar hidayet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dalaleti sat\u0131n ald\u0131lar. Oysa yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ticaret k\u00e2rl\u0131 olmad\u0131.\u201d Bu ayette \u201csat\u0131n almak\u201d kelimesi as\u0131l anlam\u0131nda de\u011fil de \u201cse\u00e7mek veya de\u011fi\u015ftirmek\u201d anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131larak istiare yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Benzeyenin (de\u011fi\u015ftirmek\/se\u00e7mek) de\u011fil de benzetilenin (sat\u0131n almak) zikredilmesi bu t\u00fcr mecaz\u0131n istiare oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Karine ise dalalettir. Yani sat\u0131n alman\u0131n ger\u00e7ek manada olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ondan anl\u0131yoruz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc dalalet sat\u0131n al\u0131nacak maddi bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Ayetin m\u00fcra\u015f\u015faha t\u00fcr\u00fcnden istiare oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren nokta ise, benzetilene (sat\u0131n almak) uygun \u015feyin, yani \u201cticaretleri k\u00e2r getirmedi\u201d c\u00fcmlesinin getirilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130ST\u0130ARE-\u0130 M\u00dcCERREDE:<\/strong> Benzeyene\/m\u00fc\u015febbehe uygun ifadenin zikredildi\u011fi istiare t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0641\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064f\u0648\u0639\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0641\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u201cNihayet (o \u015fehir halk\u0131) Allah\u2019\u0131n nimetlerine nank\u00f6rl\u00fck etti. Allah da onlara, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden a\u00e7l\u0131k ve korku elbisesini tatt\u0131rd\u0131 (a\u00e7l\u0131k ve korkuyu hissettiler).\u201d Ayette elbise, onlar\u0131 ku\u015fatan a\u00e7l\u0131k ve korku halinden istiare edilmi\u015ftir. Burada benzeyene (hal ve duruma) uygun olarak tatt\u0131rma ifadesi getirildi\u011fi i\u00e7in istiare m\u00fccerrede kapsam\u0131na girer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130ST\u0130ARE-\u0130 MUTLAKA: <\/strong>Ne m\u00fc\u015febbehe ne m\u00fc\u015febbeh-i bihe uygun ifadelerin belirtilmedi\u011fi istiarelerdir. \u00d6rnek: \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0646\u0642\u064f\u0636\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u064a\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u201cOnlar (fas\u0131klar), s\u00f6z verip ba\u011fland\u0131ktan sonra Allah&#8217;a verdikleri s\u00f6z\u00fc bozarlar.\u201d Ayette ip, s\u00f6zden istiare edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130stiarenin karinesi ise ba\u011flanmak (misak) kelimesidir. Bu karine tabii ki s\u00f6zle de\u011fil, iple ilgilidir. Burada ne m\u00fcsteara\/m\u00fc\u015febbeh-i bihe (s\u00f6z) ne de m\u00fcstear-\u0131 lehe\/m\u00fc\u015febbehe (ipe) uygun bir ifade zikredilmemi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mutlaka t\u00fcr\u00fcnden bir istiare s\u00f6zkonusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130ST\u0130ARE-\u0130 TEMS\u0130L\u0130YE\/TERK\u0130P \u0130ST\u0130ARE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130stiare, m\u00fcfredlik\/tekillik ve m\u00fcrekkeplik\/bile\u015fiklik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Buraya kadar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz istiare t\u00fcrleri m\u00fcfred istiarelerdir. Temsili istiareler ise, m\u00fcstear ile m\u00fcstear-\u0131 leh aras\u0131ndaki benzerlikle birlikte as\u0131l manas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan terkip\/bile\u015fik istiarelerdir. Di\u011ferleri gibi burada da as\u0131l manan\u0131n kastedilmesini engelleyen karine bulunur. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062f\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064f\u062d\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u201cM\u00fcmin bir delikten iki defa sokulmaz.\u201d Bu hadiste s\u00f6z\u00fcn as\u0131l manas\u0131 olan deli\u011findeki gizli y\u0131lan taraf\u0131ndan sokulmak kastedilmemi\u015f, aksine m\u00fcminin ayn\u0131 hatay\u0131 iki defa yapmayaca\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7ta delikle ama\u00e7lanan hata ve yanl\u0131\u015flar, sokulmakla kastedilen ise, bu yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. As\u0131l manay\u0131 engelleyen karine burada lafz\u00ee de\u011fil, hal\u00eedir. Yani s\u00f6z\u00fcn genel havas\u0131 ve ortam\u0131n dilidir. Genelde darb-\u0131 meseller ve atas\u00f6zleri istiarenin temsili k\u0131sm\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B- MECAZ-I M\u00dcRSEL\/ M\u00dcFRED MECAZ<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Benzerlik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir alaka ile birlikte as\u0131l manas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan kelimelerdir. Bunda da as\u0131l manan\u0131n ama\u00e7lanmas\u0131na engel olan karine bulunur. Di\u011fer t\u00fcm istiarelerde alaka benzerlik iken, mecaz-\u0131 m\u00fcrselde benzerlik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 birka\u00e7 husustur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MECAZ-I M\u00dcRSELDE ALAKA \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1- Sebebiyet: Sebebin zikredilip m\u00fcsebbebin\/sonucun kastedilmesi. \u00d6rnek: \u0639\u0638\u0645\u062a \u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u064a \u201cBenim kat\u0131mda Ali\u2019nin eli (l\u00fctfu, ihsan\u0131) b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.\u201d Burada sebep olan el s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f, sonucu olan iyilik ve l\u00fctuflar kastedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2- M\u00fcsebbebiyet: Sonucun (m\u00fcsebbebin) s\u00f6ylenip sebebin kastedilmesi. \u00d6rnek: \u0623\u0645\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u201cG\u00f6k bitki (ya\u011fmur) ya\u011fd\u0131rd\u0131.\u201d Burada sonu\u00e7 olan bitki s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f, ama onun sebebi olan ya\u011fmur kastedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3- C\u00fcziyet: Par\u00e7an\u0131n (c\u00fcz\u00fcn) s\u00f6ylenip b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn (k\u00fcll\u00fcn) kastedilmesi: \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0643\u0650\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u201cR\u00fck\u00fb edenlerle birlikte r\u00fck\u00fb edin (namaz k\u0131l\u0131n).\u201d Burada namaz\u0131n bir c\u00fcz\u00fc olan r\u00fck\u00fb s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc olan namaz kastedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4- K\u00fclliyet: B\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn (k\u00fcll\u00fc) s\u00f6ylenip par\u00e7an\u0131n kastedilmesi. \u00d6rnek: \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u201cParmaklar\u0131n\u0131 kulaklar\u0131na t\u0131kad\u0131lar.\u201d Burada b\u00fct\u00fcn olan parmaklar s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f, onun c\u00fcz\u00fc olan parmak u\u00e7lar\u0131 kastedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5- Ge\u00e7mi\u015f durumun itibara al\u0131nmas\u0131: Bir \u015feyin eski halinin ad\u0131yla an\u0131lmas\u0131. \u00d6rnek: \u0648\u0622\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u201cYetimlere mallar\u0131n\u0131 verin.\u201d Bu ayette yetimler as\u0131l manas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yetim r\u00fc\u015fd \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ermeden babas\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden \u00e7ocuktur ve ona mal\u0131 teslim edilmez. Ayet ancak r\u00fc\u015fd \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015ftuktan sonra mal\u0131n\u0131n verilmesini s\u00f6ylemekte, ama bunu eski hali olan yetim kelimesini kullanarak anlatmaktad\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda \u201cge\u00e7mi\u015fte yetim olanlara mallar\u0131n\u0131 verin\u201d demektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6- Gelecek durumun itibara al\u0131nmas\u0131: Bir \u015feyin gelecekteki haliyle ifade edilmesi. \u00d6rnek: \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u201cR\u00fcyamda kendimi \u015farap (\u015faraba d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek \u00fcz\u00fcm) s\u0131karken g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.\u201d Burada da hamr\/\u015farap kelimesi, s\u0131k\u0131lan \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn ileride d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi hal dikkate al\u0131narak mecaz\u00ee manada kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7- Mahalliyet: Mahalli s\u00f6yleyip h\u00e2lli (mahalde bulunan\u0131) kastetmek. \u00d6rnek: \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u201cKasabaya (oradaki halka) sor.\u201d Bu ayette alakas\u0131 mahalliyet olan mecaz-\u0131 m\u00fcrsel s\u00f6z konusudur. Kasaba, yani mahal s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f, orada ya\u015fayan halk kastedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8- H\u00e2lliyet: H\u00e2llin (mahalde bulunan\u0131n) s\u00f6ylenip mahallin kastedilmesi. \u00d6rnek: \u0646\u0632\u0644\u062a\u064f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a \u201cToplulu\u011fa indim ve bana ikramda bulundular.\u201d Burada topluluk\/kavm kelimesi mecaz\u00ee manada kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplulu\u011fa (h\u00e2lle) de\u011fil, o toplulu\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere (mahalle) inilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla alakas\u0131 h\u00e2lliyet olan mecaz-\u0131 m\u00fcrsel s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2- MECAZ-I AKL\u00ce\/ \u0130SNATTAK\u0130 MECAZ<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hakik\u00ee isnad\u0131n kastedilmesine engel olacak bir karineyle birlikte bir fiilin veya fiil benzerinin -bir alakadan sebep- as\u0131l anlam\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u015feye isnad edilmesidir. Misal: \u064a\u064f\u0630\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0651\u062d\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u064a\u0650\u064a \u0646\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u201c(Firavun) onlar\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 kesiyor, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011f b\u0131rak\u0131yordu.\u201d ayetinde kesme ve sa\u011f b\u0131rakma i\u015finin Firavun\u2019a isnat\/nispet edilmesi akl\u00ee mecaza \u00f6rnektir. Alakas\u0131 ise sebebiyettir. Asl\u0131nda Firavun bizzat kesmemi\u015f, fakat buna sebep oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in do\u011frudan fiil kendisine isnad edilmi\u015ftir. Burada tek tek kelimelerin as\u0131l manalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in l\u00fcgav\u00ee bir mecaz de\u011fil, akl\u00ee, yani isnatta bir mecaz s\u00f6z konusudur. \u201cMilli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 yeni okul yapt\u0131\u201d misali de ayn\u0131 minvalde mecaz-\u0131 akl\u00eedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MECAZ\u00ce \u0130SNADIN T\u00dcRLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fiilin sebebine isnad: Burada fiile neden olan ki\u015fiye olay isnad edilmektedir. Mecaz-\u0131 akl\u00ee ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Firavun \u00f6rne\u011fi bu k\u0131s\u0131mla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fiilin zaman\u0131na isnad: \u0130snad\u0131n do\u011frudan fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi zamana yap\u0131lmas\u0131. \u0628\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u201cBilakis gecenin ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fcn tuza\u011f\u0131\/hilesi\u201d ayetinde hile, onu tezgahlayan ki\u015filere de\u011fil de i\u00e7inde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman olan gece ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcze nisbet edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fiilin mek\u00e2n\u0131na isnad: Mesela \u062a\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f \u201cAltlar\u0131ndan nehirler akar\u201d ayetinde akman\u0131n suya de\u011fil de nehire nisbet edilmesi b\u00f6ylesi bir durumdur. Nehir suyun ve ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n mek\u00e2n\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in do\u011frudan akan kendisi gibi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda fiilin masdar\u0131na isnad, mal\u00fcm fiilin meful\u00fcne isnad\u0131, me\u00e7hul fiilin failine isnad\u0131 gibi akl\u00ee mecaz t\u00fcrleri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"KINAYE\">K\u0130NAYE<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tarifi: Bir kelimenin \u00f6z manas\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fi olan anlam\u0131n\/laz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kastedilmesidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062f \u201cFilancan\u0131n k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131 uzundur\u201d dendi\u011finde ger\u00e7ekten ba\u011f\u0131n uzunlu\u011funun kastedilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmakta birlikte, genelde bu manan\u0131n laz\u0131m\u0131, yani gere\u011fi olan sahibinin uzun boylulu\u011fu anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Bazen de as\u0131l anlam\u0131n kastedilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaz. \u201c\u015eeref, filancan\u0131n iki par\u00e7a giysisinin, \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck h\u0131rkas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indedir\u201d misali buna \u00f6rnektir. Buradan kinayenin \u00fc\u00e7 unsuru oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yoruz: Kendisiyle kinaye yap\u0131lan kelime, kinaye edilen, yani as\u0131l kastedilen mana ve maksud manay\u0131 g\u00f6steren karine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>K\u0130NAYEN\u0130N, KONU OLDU\u011eU KEL\u0130MELER (MEKN\u00ce ANH)E G\u00d6RE KISIMLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0131fattan yap\u0131lan kinayeler: Bir vas\u0131fla nitelenenin (mevsuf) zikredilip de o niteli\u011fin (s\u0131fat\u0131n) kendisinin de\u011fil, gere\u011finin kastedilmesi durumu. \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f &nbsp;\u201cFilancan\u0131n k\u00fcl\u00fc \u00e7oktur\u201d dendi\u011finde, o ki\u015finin ger\u00e7ekten k\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn, yani s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, bu s\u0131fat\u0131n gere\u011fi olan c\u00f6mertli\u011fin ve misafirlere ikram\u0131n anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 bu kabildendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mevsuftan yap\u0131lan kinayeler: Bir s\u0131fat veya nisbetin zikredilip mevsufun belirtilmemesi. \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u201cKaburga kemi\u011finin aras\u0131nda kan ve et bulunur.\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a zikredilmeyen bir mevsuftan -ki o kalptir- kinaye yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada s\u0131fat (kan ve et) ve nisbet (kaburga kemi\u011finin aras\u0131nda olu\u015fu) zikredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nisbetten yap\u0131lan kinayeler: S\u0131fat\u0131n da mevsufun da zikredilip, fakat s\u0131fat\u0131n sahibine de\u011fil de onunla alakal\u0131 ba\u015fka bir \u015feye nisbet edildi\u011fi durumlar. \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u201c\u0130lim, filancan\u0131n kaleminin ucundad\u0131r\u201d misalinde ilim, do\u011frudan sahibine nisbet edilmemi\u015f, fakat onunla ilgili olan, onun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan kaleme nisbet edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131lar:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/sarf-ilmine-giris\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Sarf \u0130lmine Giri\u015f\">Sarf \u0130lmine Giri\u015f<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/el-muhkem-fis-sarf\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"el-Muhkem fi\u2019s Sarf \u00dczerinden \u015eematik Sarf \u0130lmi\">\u015eematik Sarf \u0130lmi<\/a><\/strong><br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/ecrumiyye-ve-serhi-et-tuhfetus-seniyye-uzerinden-sematik-nahiv-ilmi-mustafa-ay\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Ecr\u00fbmiyye ve \u015eerhi et-Tuhfet\u00fc\u2019s-Seniyye \u00dczerinden \u015eematik Nahiv \u0130lmi\">\u015eematik Nahiv \u0130lmi<br><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/arapcanin-olcusu-sarf-ilmi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Arap\u00e7an\u0131n \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc: Sarf \u0130lmi\">Arap\u00e7an\u0131n \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc: Sarf \u0130lmi<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130&ccedil;indekilerBELA\u011eATA G\u0130R\u0130\u015e B\u0130LG\u0130LER\u0130FESAHATBELA\u011eAT\u00dcSLUPBEYAN \u0130LM\u0130TE\u015eB\u0130H\/BENZETMEHAK\u0130KAT ve MECAZK\u0130NAYE BELA\u011eATA G\u0130R\u0130\u015e B\u0130LG\u0130LER\u0130 FESAHAT S\u00f6zl\u00fckte beyan etme ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma durumunu ifade eder. Ayette Hz. Musa\u2019n\u0131n \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc nakledilir: \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062e\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0635\u064e\u062d\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650\u0651\u064a \u201cKarde\u015fim Harun benden daha fasihtir (konu\u015fmas\u0131 benden daha a\u00e7\u0131k ve s\u00f6z\u00fc daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131r).\u201d Maan\u00ee ilmi \u0131st\u0131lah\u0131nda fesahat ise, i\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k, kolay anla\u015f\u0131lan ve gerek edipler, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":4194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3882"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3882"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3882\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5035,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3882\/revisions\/5035"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}