{"id":3894,"date":"2020-09-10T11:15:01","date_gmt":"2020-09-10T08:15:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=3894"},"modified":"2022-10-21T19:39:31","modified_gmt":"2022-10-21T16:39:31","slug":"siyerin-anlasilmasi-icin-cahiliye-araplarinin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/siyerin-anlasilmasi-icin-cahiliye-araplarinin\/","title":{"rendered":"Siyerin Anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Cahiliye Araplar\u0131n\u0131n Ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131na Genel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#A_Cahiliye_Kavrami_Uzerine\">A. C\u00e2hiliye Kavram\u0131 \u00dczerine<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#B_Cahiliye_Donemi_Araplarinda_Sosyal_Hayat\">B. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131nda Sosyal Hayat<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#C_Cahiliye_Donemi_Araplarinda_Dini_Hayat\">C. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131nda Din\u00ee Hayat<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#D_Cahiliye_Donemi_Araplarinida_Kulturel_Hayat\">D. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131n\u0131da K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Hayat<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#E_Cahiliye_Donemi_Araplarinda_Siyasi_Durum\">E. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131nda Siyas\u00ee Durum<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#F_Cahiliye_Donemi_Araplarinda_Iktisadi_Durum\">F. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131nda \u0130ktisad\u00ee Durum<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"A_Cahiliye_Kavrami_Uzerine\"><a>A. C\u00e2hiliye Kavram\u0131 \u00dczerine<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2hiliye Araplar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131na ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, <em>C\u00e2hiliye<\/em><a href=\"#_edn1\" id=\"_ednref1\">[1]<\/a> kelimesinin anlamlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2hiliye kelimesi s\u00f6zl\u00fckte, <em>ilmin z\u0131dd\u0131<\/em> yani <em>bilgisizlik<\/em><a href=\"#_edn2\" id=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a> anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi gibi <em>suk\u00fbnetin<\/em><a href=\"#_edn3\" id=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a> ve <em>ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn<\/em><a href=\"#_edn4\" id=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a> z\u0131dd\u0131 anlamlar\u0131na da gelir. Baz\u0131 yazarlar o d\u00f6nemi, yani \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemi, ruh\u00ee ve ahl\u00e2k\u00ee ya\u015fam\u0131n az geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fi nedeniyle <em>barbarl\u0131k<\/em><a href=\"#_edn5\" id=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a> diye adland\u0131r\u0131rken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da o d\u00f6nem Araplar\u0131n\u0131n din ve toplum hayat\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen baz\u0131 sakat \u00e2det ve geleneklerinden dolay\u0131 C\u00e2hiliye isminin verildi\u011fini s\u00f6yler.<a href=\"#_edn6\" id=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2hiliye kelimesinin, <em>bilgisizlik <\/em>anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi, Mu\u2018allaka \u015fairlerinden \u2018Antere (\u00f6.m. 614)\u2019nin, Mu\u2018allakas\u0131nda ge\u00e7en <a href=\"#_edn7\" id=\"_ednref7\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651 \u0633\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0643<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0646\u062a\u0650 \u062c\u0627\u064e\u0647\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cAtl\u0131lara sorsana bilmediklerini, ey M\u00e2lik\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131, e\u011fer bilmiyorsan.\u201d<\/em><a href=\"#_edn8\" id=\"_ednref8\">[8]<\/a><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015feklindeki beytinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <em>Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn<\/em> z\u0131dd\u0131 olan <em>barbarl\u0131k<\/em>&nbsp;anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na bir \u00f6rnek de yine Mu\u2018allaka \u015fairlerinden \u2018Amr b. Kuls\u00fbm&nbsp;(\u00f6. m. 600)\u2019un \u015fu beytinde ge\u00e7mektedir: <a href=\"#_edn9\" id=\"_ednref9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u064e \u064a\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064c \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064e\u0646\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0642\u064e \u062c\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cHele bize kar\u015f\u0131 birileri zorbal\u0131k<\/em><a href=\"#_edn10\" id=\"_ednref10\">[10]<\/a><em> g\u00f6stermeye g\u00f6rs\u00fcn, biz o zaman onlardan da zorba oluruz.\u201d<\/em><a href=\"#_edn11\" id=\"_ednref11\">[11]<\/a><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak bu kelimenin <em>bilgisizlik<\/em>&nbsp;ve <em>barbarl\u0131k<\/em>&nbsp;anlam\u0131na kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Yar\u0131madan\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde oturan Araplar\u0131n, geli\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve edebiyat\u0131n, kelimenin bu \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n vermedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de bask\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerden biridir. O g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re bu devre \u201cYar\u0131madada il\u00e2h\u00ee kanunlar\u0131n, Allah\u2019dan vahiy alan bir peygamberin ve vahye dayanan bir mukaddes kitab\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 devre\u201d manas\u0131na kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<a href=\"#_edn12\" id=\"_ednref12\">[12]<\/a> Bundan dolay\u0131 da daha \u00f6nce belirtti\u011fimiz gibi Araplar\u0131n din ve toplum hayat\u0131nda baz\u0131 sakat \u00e2det ve gelenekler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir ba\u015fka tarifte ise \u201c\u00f6zel olarak Araplar\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019dan \u00f6nceki din\u00ee ve sosyal hayat telakkilerini, genel olarak da ki\u015filerin ve toplumlar\u0131n g\u00fcnah ve isyanlar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden bir terim\u201d olarak ge\u00e7mektedir. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan C\u00e2hiliye kelimesi, gerek Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de gerekse hadislerde, Araplar\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019dan \u00f6nceki tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee devirden ay\u0131rt etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<a href=\"#_edn13\" id=\"_ednref13\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elimizde Araplar\u0131n, \u0130sl\u00e2miyetten \u00f6nceki ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131na dair, \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan r\u00e2vilerin aktard\u0131klar\u0131, C\u00e2hiliye \u015fiirlerinde anlat\u0131lanlar, Tevrat, Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem&nbsp;ve baz\u0131 Yunan&nbsp;ve Bizans kitaplar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en bilgilerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pek fazla bir bilgi yoktur. Arap edebiyat\u0131 tarih\u00e7isi Hann\u00e2 el-F\u00e2h\u00fbr\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re Araplar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan, Hz. Peygamberin hicret tarihi olan 622 senesine kadar uzanan zaman dilimi <em>C\u00e2hiliye<\/em> olarak isimlendirilir. Bu d\u00f6nem de kendi aras\u0131nda <em>Birinci<\/em> ve<em> \u0130kinci C\u00e2hiliye<\/em> olmak \u00fczere iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Birinci C\u00e2hiliye, tarihten \u00f6nce M. V. asra kadar olan zaman\u0131, \u0130kinci C\u00e2hiliye ise, V. as\u0131rdan M. 622 senesine kadar olan zaman\u0131 kapsar.<a href=\"#_edn14\" id=\"_ednref14\">[14]<\/a> Bir ba\u015fka g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re ise C\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6nemi Hz. Peygamber\u2019e vahiy gelmesiyle birlikte sona emi\u015ftir. Ancak bu d\u00f6nemin, C\u00e2hiliye zihniyetini merkezi h\u00e2line gelen Mekke\u2019nin fethiyle (8\/630) son buldu\u011fu da ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<a href=\"#_edn15\" id=\"_ednref15\">[15]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"B_Cahiliye_Donemi_Araplarinda_Sosyal_Hayat\"><a>B. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131nda Sosyal Hayat<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130smini, sakinlerinin bizzat kendi verdi\u011fi<a href=\"#_edn16\" id=\"_ednref16\">[16]<\/a> ve Araplar\u0131n vatan\u0131 olan Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131, bat\u0131da K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz, g\u00fcneyde Hint Okyanusu, do\u011fuda Basra K\u00f6rfezi, kuzeyde Irak&nbsp;ve \u015eam&nbsp;beldelerini i\u00e7ine alan bir b\u00f6lgedir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 milyon kilometrekarelik bir alan\u0131 kapsayan bu yar\u0131mada, kendi aras\u0131nda Tih\u00e2me, Necd, Hic\u00e2z, Yemen&nbsp;ve el-\u2018Aruz&nbsp;olmak \u00fczere be\u015f b\u00f6lgeye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<a href=\"#_edn17\" id=\"_ednref17\">[17]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00e2mi&nbsp;\u0131rkdan olan \u2018Araplar\u0131n, \u0130br\u00e2n\u00eeler, Finikeliler, Ar\u00e2m\u00eeler, S\u00fcry\u00e2n\u00eeler, B\u00e2billiler&nbsp;ve \u00c2s\u00fbrlularla bir ba\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Hepsi ayn\u0131 k\u00f6ktendir ve dilleri aras\u0131nda bir benzerli\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f olarak da birbirlerine yak\u0131nd\u0131rlar.<a href=\"#_edn18\" id=\"_ednref18\">[18]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2hiliye Araplar\u0131, yerle\u015fik ve g\u00f6\u00e7ebe<a href=\"#_edn19\" id=\"_ednref19\">[19]<\/a> olmak \u00fczere iki topluluktan olu\u015fur. Yerle\u015fik hayat s\u00fcrenler, k\u00f6ylerde ve \u015fehirlerde otururlar, saraylar\u0131n\u0131 ve tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131, Acem&nbsp;ve Rumlardan m\u00fcbadele yoluyla alm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 harikul\u00e2de ta\u015flarla s\u00fcslerler. Bedev\u00ee hayat\u0131 s\u00fcrenlere gelince, bunlar k\u0131yafet, mesken gibi zarur\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lardan ancak kendilerine yetecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir varl\u0131\u011fa sahiptirler. K\u0131ldan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ad\u0131rlarda otururlar.<a href=\"#_edn20\" id=\"_ednref20\">[20]<\/a> K\u0131sacas\u0131 bedev\u00ee hayat\u0131 ile yerle\u015fik hayat s\u00fcrenler aras\u0131nda tamamen bir z\u0131tl\u0131k vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00f6ncesinde ya\u015fayan Araplar\u0131n bu \u015fekilde ya\u015famas\u0131nda tabiat \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131r. Zira tabiat \u015fartlar\u0131 Arap beldelerini iki k\u0131sma ay\u0131r\u0131r ve ayr\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131mlar ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 hayat tarz\u0131yla birbirlerinden farkl\u0131d\u0131rlar. Hicaz&nbsp;ve Necd&nbsp;b\u00f6lgelerinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuzey b\u00f6lgesindeki Araplar, \u015fartlara g\u00f6re bir yerden bir yere g\u00f6\u00e7erek hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrler.<a href=\"#_edn21\" id=\"_ednref21\">[21]<\/a> Buna sebep memleketin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6llerle kapl\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<a href=\"#_edn22\" id=\"_ednref22\">[22]<\/a> Bunlar ne ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan etkilenirler ne de ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131nda bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yaparlar.<a href=\"#_edn23\" id=\"_ednref23\">[23]<\/a> Bedev\u00ee hayat\u0131 ya\u015fayan bu Araplar, ba\u015fka milletlerle kar\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f, halis Arap \u0131rk\u0131 olarak kabul edilirler<a href=\"#_edn24\" id=\"_ednref24\">[24]<\/a> ve konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 dil de bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlam\u0131yla <em>Kur\u2019\u00e2n dili<\/em> yani <em>fas\u00eeh Arap\u00e7a<\/em>d\u0131r.<a href=\"#_edn25\" id=\"_ednref25\">[25]<\/a> \u0130\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6l hayat\u0131 tar\u0131mla ve sanatla u\u011fra\u015fmalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n vermez.<a href=\"#_edn26\" id=\"_ednref26\">[26]<\/a> Bu nedenle ba\u015fl\u0131ca ge\u00e7im ve beslenme kaynaklar\u0131, hayvan yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fidir.<a href=\"#_edn27\" id=\"_ednref27\">[27]<\/a> Hayvanlardan elde ettikleri \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle ge\u00e7inirler, hayvanlardan elde edemedikleri ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da m\u00fcbadele yolu ile yerle\u015fik kabilelerden temin ederler. Yine bask\u0131n ve ya\u011fmalar da, \u00e7\u00f6lde ya\u015fayan bedev\u00ee Araplar\u0131n bir di\u011fer ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle aralar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k hi\u00e7 eksik olmaz. Bask\u0131n ve ya\u011fmalardan dolay\u0131 kabileler, kendilerini koruyacak kuvvetli bir kabilenin himayesine girmek mecburiyetinde kalsa da bu durum \u00e7ok fazla s\u00fcrmez. Kabile \u00fcyeleri birbirlerine her zaman kefildiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin biri su\u00e7 i\u015flese, kabile bu su\u00e7u \u00fczerine al\u0131r, ganimet ele ge\u00e7irilse, b\u00fct\u00fcn kabilenin say\u0131l\u0131r. C\u00f6mertlik ve konukseverlik, bedev\u00ee Araplar\u0131n g\u00fczel hasletlerindendir. Ancak bunun yan\u0131nda baz\u0131 kabilelerde k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 diri diri topra\u011fa g\u00f6mme gibi tamam\u0131yla insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e2detler de vard\u0131r. Yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kana, kan ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verilir, intikam alma, kutsal bir g\u00f6rev olarak addedilir.<a href=\"#_edn28\" id=\"_ednref28\">[28]<\/a> \u00d6rne\u011fin saf ve ferdiyet\u00e7i bir ruha sahip olan bedev\u00eeler, \u201c<em>Allah bana ve Muhammed\u2019e merhamet etsin, bizden ba\u015fka da hi\u00e7 kimseye<\/em>\u201d \u015feklinde dua ederler.<a href=\"#_edn29\" id=\"_ednref29\">[29]<\/a> Bedev\u00ee Araplarda var olan intikam alma duygusu, y\u0131llar s\u00fcren sava\u015flar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6rne\u011fin <em>D\u00e2his ve\u2019l-\u011eabr\u00e2<\/em><em>&nbsp;Sava\u015f\u0131<\/em>, <em>Bes\u00fbs Harbi<\/em>&nbsp;ve <em>Yevmu\u2019l-Bu\u2018\u00e2s<\/em>&nbsp;vakalar\u0131 bu sava\u015flardand\u0131r ve bunlar Araplar\u0131n tarihinde <em>Eyy\u00e2mu\u2019l-\u2018Arab<\/em>&nbsp;diye adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<a href=\"#_edn30\" id=\"_ednref30\">[30]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcneyde ya\u015fayan Araplar ise kuzey b\u00f6lgesindekilere nazaran meden\u00eedirler<a href=\"#_edn31\" id=\"_ednref31\">[31]<\/a> ve idar\u00ee i\u015flerde daha tecr\u00fcbelidirler.<a href=\"#_edn32\" id=\"_ednref32\">[32]<\/a> Bunlar Yemen, Hadramevt&nbsp;ve bunlara kom\u015fu sahillerde otururlar ve Afrika\u2019daki Habe\u015f dili&nbsp;ile \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir ili\u015fi\u011fi bulunan Sebe\u2019&nbsp;ya da Himyer&nbsp;dili diye adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek kendilerine has eski bir S\u00e2mi&nbsp;dili konu\u015furlar.<a href=\"#_edn33\" id=\"_ednref33\">[33]<\/a> Yerle\u015fik bir hayat s\u00fcren bu Araplar, herhangi bir zorunluluk olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece yurtlar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmazlar.<a href=\"#_edn34\" id=\"_ednref34\">[34]<\/a> Ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131 ise ziraat ve ticarettir.<a href=\"#_edn35\" id=\"_ednref35\">[35]<\/a> \u00c7\u00f6lde ya\u015fayan bedev\u00ee Araplara nazaran Asya ve Afrika \u0131rklar\u0131yla kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<a href=\"#_edn36\" id=\"_ednref36\">[36]<\/a> \u0130klimi ziraat i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli olan Yar\u0131madan\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde geli\u015fen ziraat ve ticaret k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc sayesinde, akarsular\u0131 emniyet alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bendler, mabedler, kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde dahi dikkatleri \u00e7ekmekte ve be\u011feni toplamaktad\u0131r.<a href=\"#_edn37\" id=\"_ednref37\">[37]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6neminde Araplar sosyal yap\u0131 olarak h\u00fcrler, esirler ve mev\u00e2l\u00ee&nbsp;olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131ftan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. H\u00fcrler; <\/strong>aile toplulu\u011funun veya kabilenin ortak ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ve ayn\u0131 haklara sahip olan kimselerdir. Bunlar birlikte g\u00f6\u00e7 eder ve birlikte sava\u015f\u0131rlar. Aralar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u015fairler, k\u00e2hinler ve sava\u015flarda cesaretleriyle \u00fcn kazananlar, di\u011ferlerine nazaran \u00fcst\u00fcn kabul edilseler de hak ve ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir farklar\u0131 yoktur.<a href=\"#_edn38\" id=\"_ednref38\">[38]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Esirler;<\/strong> bu s\u0131n\u0131f k\u00f6le ve cariyelerden olu\u015fur ve h\u00fcrlerin sahip oldu\u011fu \u015feref ve haklardan mahrumdurlar. Bunlar ya sava\u015fta yakalan\u0131rlar ya da esir pazarlar\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131rlar. C\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6neminde k\u00f6le ve cariyelere ac\u0131mas\u0131zca muamele edilir hatta efendisi taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclebilirdi.<a href=\"#_edn39\" id=\"_ednref39\">[39]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Mev\u00e2l\u00eeler;<\/strong> azad edilmi\u015f k\u00f6le ve cariyelerden olu\u015fan bu s\u0131n\u0131f, azad edenin kabilesine mensup say\u0131l\u0131r ve mevki olarak h\u00fcrlerin alt\u0131nda, esirlerin \u00fcst\u00fcndedir. Bunlar h\u00fcr bir kad\u0131n veya k\u0131zla evlenemezler ve k\u0131saslarda, h\u00fcrlerin cezas\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar.<a href=\"#_edn40\" id=\"_ednref40\">[40]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"C_Cahiliye_Donemi_Araplarinda_Dini_Hayat\"><a>C. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131nda Din\u00ee Hayat<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6neminde Araplarda Yahudilik, Hristiyanl\u0131k&nbsp;ve Putperestlik&nbsp;olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 din yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7lerinden en yayg\u0131n olan\u0131 putperestliktir.<a href=\"#_edn41\" id=\"_ednref41\">[41]<\/a> Yahudilik, Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131nda \u0130sl\u00e2miyetten as\u0131rlar \u00f6nce yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yahudilerin yo\u011fun olarak bulundu\u011fu yer, bug\u00fcn Medine&nbsp;diye an\u0131lan Yesrib\u2019di. Ancak Yar\u0131madada yerle\u015fen Yahudilerin, aslen Yahudi mi yoksa Yahudile\u015fmi\u015f Araplar m\u0131 oldu\u011fu konusunda ihtilaflar vard\u0131r. Bu durum, konumuz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde anlatm\u0131yoruz. Yahudiler, Yar\u0131madada dinlerini yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar ve Yemen&nbsp;kabilelerinden<a href=\"#_edn42\" id=\"_ednref42\">[42]<\/a> pek \u00e7o\u011fu Yahudili\u011fi kabul etmi\u015flerdir. Yahudiler, Tevrat\u2019\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretilerini ve baz\u0131 hurafeleri halk aras\u0131nda yayarken, Arap dilini de etkilemi\u015fler ve daha \u00f6nce Araplar\u0131n bilmedikleri Cehennem, \u015eeytan&nbsp;ve \u0130blis&nbsp;gibi baz\u0131 kelimeleri Arap diline katm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yahudilerin, Araplara olan bir di\u011fer etkisi Yunan&nbsp;k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yd\u0131. Zira Yahudiler, Yunan-Roma h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131nda \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcre ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar ve Yunan terbiye ve edebiyat\u0131 ile yeti\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<a href=\"#_edn43\" id=\"_ednref43\">[43]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131nda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bir di\u011fer din Hristiyanl\u0131kt\u0131r. O \u00e7a\u011flarda birka\u00e7 f\u0131rkaya b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olan Hristiyanl\u0131ktan, Nast\u00fbr\u00eeler&nbsp;ve Ya\u2018k\u00fbb\u00eeler&nbsp;f\u0131rkas\u0131 Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131na sokulmu\u015ftur. Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, Araplar aras\u0131nda yay\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu, baz\u0131lar\u0131 manast\u0131r in\u015f\u00e2 edip rahipli\u011fe meyletmi\u015flerdir. Papaz ve rahipler, Araplar\u0131n pazarlar\u0131na gelerek va\u2019z etmi\u015fler, \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra dirilmekten, hesap g\u00fcn\u00fcnden ve cennet ve cehennemden bahsetmi\u015flerdir. Ancak daha sonra gelen Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem, Hristiyanlar\u0131n bu s\u00f6zlerini ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tekzip ve reddetmi\u015ftir.<a href=\"#_edn44\" id=\"_ednref44\">[44]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Puta tapan Araplarda ise her kabilenin ayr\u0131 bir putu vard\u0131r ve put hangi kabileye aitse o kabile mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n hamisi kabul edilir. Bu nedenle Mekke\u2019nin fethinde K\u00e2be&nbsp;i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ok fazla put bulunmu\u015ftur.<a href=\"#_edn45\" id=\"_ednref45\">[45]<\/a> Her kabilenin kendi putu olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kabileler, di\u011fer kabilenin putlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de kabul ederlerdi. Ancak putlardan \u00fc\u00e7 tanesi di\u011ferlerine nazaran daha \u00fcst\u00fcn kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar el-Men\u00e2t, el-L\u00e2t&nbsp;ve el-Uzz\u00e2\u2019d\u0131r. Putlardan ba\u015fka Araplarda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan bir Allah inanc\u0131 da vard\u0131 ve ilk ibadet Allah\u2019tan daha yak\u0131n ve m\u00fc\u015fahhas kabul edilen putlara yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ancak zamanla puta tapma inanc\u0131, Yar\u0131madada yay\u0131lan ve tek Allah\u2019a inanan ba\u015fka dinlerin tesiriyle zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<a href=\"#_edn46\" id=\"_ednref46\">[46]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"D_Cahiliye_Donemi_Araplarinida_Kulturel_Hayat\"><a>D. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131n\u0131da K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Hayat<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131, Keld\u00e2n\u00eeler&nbsp;ve S\u00e2bi\u00eelerle var olan ba\u011flar\u0131 sayesinde astronomi ve do\u011fa ilminde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131d\u0131rlar. Yedi gezegenden haberdard\u0131rlar. Bir y\u0131l\u0131 12 kamer\u00ee aya b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015flerdi. Art\u0131k aylar sayesinde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lda bir ay kazan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorlard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda aylara bug\u00fcn dahi kullan\u0131lan isimlerini vermi\u015flerdi. T\u0131p alan\u0131nda da bilgileri vard\u0131. Bu alanda tedavi y\u00f6ntemlerinde kenevirden faydalan\u0131yorlar ve onun inceliklerini biliyorlard\u0131. Da\u011flama ve damardan kan alma da, kulland\u0131klar\u0131 di\u011fer t\u0131bb\u00ee y\u00f6ntemlerdi. Bu alandaki bilgilerinin kayna\u011f\u0131, tecr\u00fcbelerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Farsl\u0131lar, Yahudiler&nbsp;ve S\u00fcryanilerden nakledilen bilgilerdir. Kehanette bulunma ve bilinmeyen olaylar hakk\u0131nda haber verme kabiliyeti, C\u00e2hiliye Araplar\u0131n\u0131n ilgilendi\u011fi bir di\u011fer konudur. E\u011fer bir ki\u015fi gayb hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinmek ya da gelecekte ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek isterse bir k\u00e2hine giderdi. O d\u00f6nemde her k\u00e2hinin, ona bilgiler getiren bir cini oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131yordu ve k\u00e2hinlerin, k\u00e2hinli\u011fe \u00f6zg\u00fc kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel bir dili vard\u0131. Neseb ilmi de o d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nd\u0131. <a href=\"#_edn47\" id=\"_ednref47\">[47]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6te yandan Araplar, fesahat&nbsp;ve bel\u00e2gata d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn idiler ve edebiyata \u00e7ok \u00f6nem veriyorlard\u0131. Se\u00e7kin \u015fairlerin eserlerini haf\u0131zalar\u0131nda tutarak nesilden nesile aktar\u0131rlard\u0131. Bel\u00e2gat ve fesahatleriyle \u015f\u00f6hret kazanan \u015fairler, halk aras\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir yer edinir ve mensubu olduklar\u0131 kabilenin \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 olurlard\u0131. Senenin belirli mevsimlerinde kurulan Pazar ve panay\u0131rlarda okunan ve be\u011fenilen \u015fiirler, C\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6neminde de \u00f6nemini koruyan K\u00e2be\u2019nin duvar\u0131na as\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. <em>Mu\u2018allak\u00e2t-\u0131 Seb\u2018a<\/em>&nbsp;ad\u0131yla bilinen ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde dahi me\u015fhur olan kasideler, C\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6neminin \u00fcr\u00fcnleri idi.<a href=\"#_edn48\" id=\"_ednref48\">[48]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Araplar\u0131n, C\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6neminde kullanm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 dil, sahip olduklar\u0131 medeniyetin en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6stergesiydi. Arap\u00e7a, Orta \u00c7a\u011f&nbsp;boyunca, medeniyet d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenim, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tefekk\u00fcr dili olmu\u015f, dokuzuncu ve onikinci as\u0131rlar aras\u0131nda felsefe, t\u0131p, tarih, astronomi ve co\u011frafya alanlar\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan kitaplar bu dili kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<a href=\"#_edn49\" id=\"_ednref49\">[49]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Araplar\u0131n s\u00f6ylemi\u015f oldu\u011fu Atas\u00f6zleri&nbsp;ve hikmetli s\u00f6zler de tarihlerinde \u00f6nemli bir yer i\u015fgal ediyordu. Hatta kullan\u0131lan bu s\u00f6zler i\u00e7in Abbas\u00ee&nbsp;d\u00f6neminde hacimli kitaplar te\u2019lif edilmi\u015ftir.<a href=\"#_edn50\" id=\"_ednref50\">[50]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"E_Cahiliye_Donemi_Araplarinda_Siyasi_Durum\"><a>E. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131nda Siyas\u00ee Durum<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2hiliye Araplar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Hicaz&nbsp;b\u00f6lgesinde kuvvetli bir merkez\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmet yoktu. Di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re \u00fcst\u00fcn kabul edilen bir kabileden olmak \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 idi. Yine Yemen, Basra K\u00f6rfezi&nbsp;ve Suriye\u2019nin g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgelerinde kurulan emirliklerde, h\u00e2kim s\u00fclaleye ya da h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n soyuna mensup olmak, ki\u015fiyi imtiyazl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu nedenle daha \u00f6nce de belirtti\u011fimiz gibi C\u00e2hiliye Araplar\u0131nda soy k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilmi, \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<a href=\"#_edn51\" id=\"_ednref51\">[51]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u00f6lde ya\u015fayan bedev\u00eelerde ne bir kitap ne de yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir kanun vard\u0131. Sadece kabile d\u00fczeni esast\u0131. Kabileyi kan ve topluluk ba\u011f\u0131 bir araya getiriyordu. Ancak bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra herhangi bir nedenden dolay\u0131 kabileye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan k\u00f6le ve zay\u0131f kimseler de kan ba\u011f\u0131 olmasa bile kabile fertlerinden say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6rf ve \u00e2detlerle belirlenen kabile d\u00fczeninde sorumluluk hissi kuvvetliydi. Bir ki\u015fi su\u00e7 i\u015fledi\u011fi zaman b\u00fct\u00fcn kabile o su\u00e7u sahiplenirdi. Kabileyi, c\u00f6mertlik, cesaret ve a\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir reis y\u00f6netirdi. Se\u00e7imle i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na gelen reiste, kabile fertlerini itaate zorlayacak tek \u015fey \u00f6rf ve \u00e2detlerdi. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine son derece d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn olan bedev\u00eeler, kabile reisinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir karara isyan edebilirdi. Araplarda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede var olan bu ferdiyet\u00e7ilik ruhu, \u00e7\u00f6lde bir devlet kurmay\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z hale getiriyordu.<a href=\"#_edn52\" id=\"_ednref52\">[52]<\/a> Kabile reisi, hukuk\u00ee, asker\u00ee ve toplumla ilgili konularda tek ba\u015f\u0131na karar veremez ve kabile meclisi ile isti\u015fare ederdi.<a href=\"#_edn53\" id=\"_ednref53\">[53]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"F_Cahiliye_Donemi_Araplarinda_Iktisadi_Durum\"><a>F. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131nda \u0130ktisad\u00ee Durum<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131 \u2013bedev\u00ee hayat tarz\u0131 s\u00fcrenlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda- zannedilenin aksine medeniyetten uzak de\u011fillerdi. \u00d6zellikle mil\u00e2ttan \u00f6nce do\u011fuda ya\u015fayanlar, eski medeniyetin be\u015fi\u011fi olarak kabul edilirlerdi. Bunlar ticaret yoluyla di\u011fer d\u00fcnya medeniyetleriyle tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar ve bir ba\u011f kurmu\u015flard\u0131. Yine kervan yollar\u0131, yar\u0131maday\u0131 d\u00f6rt taraf\u0131ndan sarm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcneyliler, ticaret sayesinde Hindistan, M\u0131s\u0131r&nbsp;ve Rum&nbsp;devletleri aras\u0131nda imtiyazl\u0131 h\u00e2le gelmi\u015flerdi. Yine Arap \u00fclkeleri, tic\u00e2r\u00ee konumu itibariyle ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin hedefi haline gelmi\u015fti. \u00d6rne\u011fin g\u00fcneyden Habe\u015f ve Hintliler, kuzeyden M\u0131s\u0131r, Rum, \u00c2r\u00e2m\u00ee ve Farsl\u0131lar&nbsp;ve do\u011fuda h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015f pek \u00e7ok devlet, Arap yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131 egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O d\u00f6nemde yar\u0131mada, kervan yollar\u0131 sebebiyle do\u011fu ile deniz aras\u0131ndaki tek ula\u015f\u0131m yoluydu ve bu nedenle, meden\u00ee \u00fclkelerle Arap \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda daima yak\u0131n bir temas vard\u0131. <a href=\"#_edn54\" id=\"_ednref54\">[54]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ticaret yolu \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131, Araplara b\u00fcy\u00fck faydalar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve onlara kazan\u00e7 kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Deniz yolunun g\u00fcvenli olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 sebebiyle t\u00fcccarlar, ba\u015fka memleketlerde \u00fcretilen maddeleri nakletmek i\u00e7in karayolunu se\u00e7mi\u015f ve bu durum Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Araplardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 kervanlar\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yollar \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayarak kendi adlar\u0131na al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015f yaparken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, koruyucu ve rehber olarak g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<a href=\"#_edn55\" id=\"_ednref55\">[55]<\/a> Mekke&nbsp;\u015fehri, C\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6neminde \u00f6nemli bir ticaret merkeziydi. Bunda o d\u00f6nemlerde de \u00f6nemini koruya K\u00e2be\u2019nin rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc. Mekkeli t\u00fcccarlar, kom\u015fu medeniyetlerle ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde idiler. M\u0131s\u0131r, \u015eam&nbsp;ve Fars \u00fclkelerine gidip-geliyorlard\u0131. Y\u0131l\u0131n belirli d\u00f6nemlerinde kurulan pazarlar, ticaret hayat\u0131n\u0131 canland\u0131ran bir di\u011fer etkendi. Yar\u0131madan\u0131n do\u011fu ve g\u00fcneyinde ikamet edenler ise ziraatle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<a href=\"#_edn56\" id=\"_ednref56\">[56]<\/a> \u00d6rne\u011fin Yemen\u2019de \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011fe \u00f6nem veriliyordu. Yemenliler, yaln\u0131z d\u00fcz arazide de\u011fil, meyve ve bah\u00e7ecili\u011fe elveri\u015fli meyilli yerlerde de \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Tar\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zor olan bu arazileri, tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli hale getirmek, onlara ayr\u0131 bir medeniyet kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ula\u015fabilen sedler in\u015f\u00e2 etmi\u015flerdi.<a href=\"#_edn57\" id=\"_ednref57\">[57]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Belirli aral\u0131klarla kurulan panay\u0131rlar, Araplar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayat\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ticar\u00ee hayat\u0131n\u0131 da olumlu y\u00f6nde etkilemi\u015ftir. Haram aylar\u00a0diye kabul edilen senenin d\u00f6rt ay\u0131nda (Zilk\u00e2de, Zilhicce, Muharrem, Receb) yap\u0131lan sava\u015flara ara verilip Yar\u0131madan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinden gelen kafileler, belirli yerlerde toplan\u0131p al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015fler yap\u0131yor ve mal m\u00fcbadelesinde bulunuyordu. Bu panay\u0131rlar\u0131n en me\u015fhurlar\u0131 \u2018Uk\u00e2z\u00a0panay\u0131r\u0131 idi ve her y\u0131l Zilk\u00e2de ay\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yordu.<a id=\"_ednref58\" href=\"#_edn58\">[58]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/nebevi-hicreti-yeniden-dusunmek\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Nebev\u00ee Hicreti Yeniden D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek\">&#8220;Nebevi Hicreti Yeniden D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek&#8221;<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> Izutsu, Toshihiko, <em>Kur\u2019an\u2019da Din\u00ee ve Ahl\u00e2k\u00ee Kavramlar<\/em> (\u00e7ev. Sel\u00e2hattin Ayaz), 2. bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1991, s. 51-62; Izutsu, Toshihiko, <em>Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da Allah ve \u0130nsan<\/em> (\u00e7ev. S\u00fcleyman Ate\u015f), \u0130stanbul t.s., s. 254-279; \u201cC\u00e2hiliye\u201d kelimesinin anlam\u0131 ve k\u00f6k\u00fc hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. T\u00fcl\u00fcc\u00fc, S\u00fcleyman, \u201c \u2018C\u00e2hiliye\u2019 Kelimesinin M\u00e2n\u00e2 ve Men\u015fe\u2019i\u201d, <em>Atat\u00fcrk \u00dcniversitesi \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee \u0130limler Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, <\/em>sy. 4 (1980) s. 279-285; <a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a>Yalar, Mehmet, \u201cC\u00e2hiliyenin Kavramsal ve Tarihsel Mahiyeti I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015eiirin Sosyal Arka Plan\u0131\u201d, <em>N\u00fcsha \u015earkiyat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi<\/em>, <\/a>y\u0131l. 6, sy. 23, (Yaz 2006), s. 132-133; Yahy\u00e2 el-Cub\u00fbr\u00ee, <em>e\u015f-\u015ei\u2018ru\u2019l-C\u00e2hil\u00ee, Has\u00e2\u2019isuh\u00fb ve Fun\u00fbnuhu<\/em>, 5. bask\u0131, Beyrut 1986, s. 25-30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" id=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0130bn Manz\u00fbr, Cem\u00e2ludd\u00een Muhammed. b. Mukerrem, <em>Lis\u00e2nu\u2019l-\u2018Arab<\/em>, Beyrut 1990, XI, 129; \u0130bn S\u00eede, <em>el-Muhkem ve\u2019l-Muh\u00eetu\u2019l-A\u2018zam<\/em> <em>fi\u2019l-Lu\u011fa<\/em> (n\u015fr. \u2018Abdussett\u00e2r Ahmed Ferr\u00e2c), Beyrut 1968, IV, 119; el-Ezher\u00ee, Muhammed b. Ahmed, Tehz\u00eebu\u2019l<em>-Lu\u011fa <\/em>(n\u015fr. Komisyon), Kahire, ts., VI, 56.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" id=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0130bn F\u00e2ris, <em>Mu\u2018cemu Mak\u00e2y\u00ees\u0131\u2019l-Lu\u011fa<\/em> (n\u015fr. \u2018Abdussel\u00e2m Muhammed H\u00e2r\u00fbn), Beyrut, ts., I, 489.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" id=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0130bn Dureyd, <em>Cemheretu\u2019l-Lu\u011fa, <\/em>Beyrut, ts., I, 114; Komisyon,<em> Dictionnaire Arabe-Fran\u00e7ais-Anglais<\/em>, Paris 1967, I, 1845.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" id=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a><a><\/a><a> Goldziher, Ignaz, <em>Muslim Studies <\/em>(\u00e7ev. C. R. Barber, S. M. Stern), 2. bask\u0131, New York 1977, I, 202; Goldziher, Ignace, <em>Klasik Arap Literat\u00fcr\u00fc <\/em>(\u00e7ev. Azmi Y\u00fcksel, Rahmi Er), Ankara 1993, <\/a>s. 16; \u015eevk\u00ee Dayf, <em>T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-Edebi\u2019l-\u2018Arab\u00ee I<\/em>, <em>el-\u2018Asru\u2019l-C\u00e2hil\u00ee<\/em>, 4. bask\u0131, Kahire ts.,39.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_edn6\" href=\"#_ednref6\">[6]<\/a> \u00c7a\u011fatay, Ne\u015f\u2019et, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2mdan \u00d6nce Arap Tarihi ve C\u00e2hiliye \u00c7a\u011f\u0131<\/em>, Ankara 1957, s. 87.<br><a id=\"_edn7\" href=\"#_ednref7\">[7]<\/a> <em>D\u00eev\u00e2nu \u2018Antere<\/em>, Beyrut, ts., s. 25.<br><a id=\"_edn8\" href=\"#_ednref8\">[8]<\/a> Beyitin \u00e7evirisi i\u00e7in bkz.<em> Yedi Ask\u0131, Arap Edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n Harikalar\u0131<\/em> (\u00e7ev. Nurettin Ceviz, Kenan Demirayak, Nevzat H. Yan\u0131k), Ankara 2004, s. 97.<br><a id=\"_edn9\" href=\"#_ednref9\">[9]<\/a> <em>D\u00eev\u00e2nu \u2018Amr b. Kuls\u00fbm<\/em>&nbsp;(n\u015fr. \u0130m\u00eel Bed\u00ee\u2018 Ya\u2018k\u00fbb), Beyrut 1991, s. 78.<br><a id=\"_edn10\" href=\"#_ednref10\">[10]<\/a> Bu \u015fiirde \u201czorbal\u0131k\u201d \u015feklinde anla\u015f\u0131lan \u062c\u0647\u0644 fiili \u201cyanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k\u201d \u015feklinde de terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir. Bkz. Yalar, Mehmet, \u201cC\u00e2hiliyenin Kavramsal ve Tarihsel Mahiyeti I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015eiirin Sosyal Arka Plan\u0131\u201d, <em>N\u00fcsha \u015earkiyat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi<\/em>, s. 133.<br><a id=\"_edn11\" href=\"#_ednref11\">[11]<\/a> Beyitin \u00e7evirisi i\u00e7in bkz.<em> Yedi Ask\u0131, Arap Edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n Harikalar\u0131<\/em>, s. 85.<br><a id=\"_edn12\" href=\"#_ednref12\">[12]<\/a> Hitti, Philip K., <em>Siy\u00e2s\u00ee ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0130sl\u00e2m Tarihi<\/em> (\u00e7ev. Salih Tu\u011f), \u0130stanbul 1995, I, 46; Hann\u00e2 el-F\u00e2h\u00fbr\u00ee, <em>el-M\u00fbcez fi\u2019l-Edebi\u2019l-\u2018Arab\u00ee ve T\u00e2r\u00eehih<\/em>, 2. bask\u0131, Beyrut 1991, I, 131-132.<br><a id=\"_edn13\" href=\"#_ednref13\">[13]<\/a> Fayda, Mustafa, \u201cC\u00e2hiliye\u201d, <em>D\u0130A,<\/em> \u0130stanbul 1993, VII, 17.<br><a id=\"_edn14\" href=\"#_ednref14\">[14]<\/a> Hann\u00e2 el-F\u00e2h\u00fbr\u00ee, <em>el-M\u00fbcez<\/em>, I, 39-40.<br><a id=\"_edn15\" href=\"#_ednref15\">[15]<\/a> Fayda, Mustafa, , \u201cC\u00e2hiliye\u201d, <em>D\u0130A<\/em>, VII, 18-19.<br><a id=\"_edn16\" href=\"#_ednref16\">[16]<\/a> \u015eevk\u00ee Dayf, <em>el-\u2018Asru\u2019l-C\u00e2hil\u00ee<\/em>, s. 17; Brockelmann, C., <em>\u0130sl\u00e2m Milletleri ve Devletleri Tarihi I<\/em> (\u00e7ev. \u00c7a\u011fatay, Ne\u015f\u2019et), 2. bask\u0131, Ankara 1964, s. 1.<br><a id=\"_edn17\" href=\"#_ednref17\">[17]<\/a> \u015eevk\u00ee Dayf,&nbsp; <em>el-\u2018Asru\u2019l-C\u00e2hil\u00ee<\/em>, s. 17-18; \u015eevk\u00ee Dayf, <em>T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-Edebi\u2019l-\u2018Arab\u00ee V, \u2018Asru\u2019d-Duvel ve\u2019l-\u0130m\u00e2r\u00e2t,<\/em> y.y., ts., s. 11; <a>Hann\u00e2 el-F\u00e2h\u00fbr\u00ee, <em>el-M\u00fbcez,<\/em> <\/a>I, 33-34.<br><a id=\"_edn18\" href=\"#_ednref18\">[18]<\/a> el-F\u00e2h\u00fbr\u00ee, <em>el-M\u00fbcez<\/em>, I, 38.<br><a id=\"_edn19\" href=\"#_ednref19\">[19]<\/a> G\u00f6\u00e7ebe ve yerle\u015fik hayat\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131ran net bir \u00e7izgi yoktu. Yar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe merhaleler oldu\u011fu gibi \u015fehir hayat\u0131na benzeyen durumlar da vard\u0131. Bkz. Hitti, <em>Siy\u00e2s\u00ee ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0130sl\u00e2m Tarihi,<\/em> I, 45.<br><a id=\"_edn20\" href=\"#_ednref20\">[20]<\/a> el-F\u00e2h\u00fbr\u00ee, <em>el-M\u00fbcez<\/em>, I, 41-42.<br><a id=\"_edn21\" href=\"#_ednref21\">[21]<\/a> \u015eevk\u00ee Dayf,&nbsp; <em>el-\u2018Asru\u2019l-C\u00e2hil\u00ee<\/em>, s. 26.<br><a id=\"_edn22\" href=\"#_ednref22\">[22]<\/a> Brockelmann, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2m Milletleri ve Devletleri Tarihi, <\/em>I, s. 3.<br><a id=\"_edn23\" href=\"#_ednref23\">[23]<\/a> Hitti, <em>Siy\u00e2s\u00ee ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0130sl\u00e2m Tarihi<\/em>, I, 46; el-F\u00e2h\u00fbr\u00ee, <em>el-M\u00fbcez<\/em>, I, 38.<br><a id=\"_edn24\" href=\"#_ednref24\">[24]<\/a> \u015eevk\u00ee Dayf,<em> \u2018Asru\u2019d-Duvel ve\u2019l-\u0130m\u00e2r\u00e2t<\/em>, s. 34.<br><a id=\"_edn25\" href=\"#_ednref25\">[25]<\/a> Hitti, <em>Siy\u00e2s\u00ee ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0130sl\u00e2m Tarihi<\/em>, I, 55.<br><a id=\"_edn26\" href=\"#_ednref26\">[26]<\/a> Komisyon, <em>Do\u011fu\u015ftan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130sl\u00e2m Tarihi<\/em>, \u0130stanbul 1989, I, 106.<br><a id=\"_edn27\" href=\"#_ednref27\">[27]<\/a> \u00c7a\u011fatay, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2mdan \u00d6nce Arap Tarihi, <\/em>&nbsp;s. 116.<br><a id=\"_edn28\" href=\"#_ednref28\">[28]<\/a> Ahmed Em\u00een, <em>Fecru\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m <\/em>(\u00e7ev. Ahmed Serdaro\u011flu), Ankara 1976, s. 36-39; G\u00fcnaltay, \u015eemseddin, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00d6ncesi Araplar ve Dinleri<\/em> (\u00e7ev. M. Mahfuz S\u00f6ylemez, Mustafa Hizmetli), Ankara 1997, s. 10-14.<br><a id=\"_edn29\" href=\"#_ednref29\">[29]<\/a> Brockelmann, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2m Milletleri ve Devletleri Tarihi, <\/em>I, s. 4.<br><a id=\"_edn30\" href=\"#_ednref30\">[30]<\/a> Hitti, <em>Siy\u00e2s\u00ee ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0130sl\u00e2m Tarihi<\/em>, I, 134-135.<br><a id=\"_edn31\" href=\"#_ednref31\">[31]<\/a> \u015eevk\u00ee Dayf,&nbsp; <em>el-\u2018Asru\u2019l-C\u00e2hil\u00ee, <\/em>s. 27.<br><a id=\"_edn32\" href=\"#_ednref32\">[32]<\/a>Komisyon, <em>Do\u011fu\u015ftan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130sl\u00e2m Tarihi, <\/em>I, 108.<br><a id=\"_edn33\" href=\"#_ednref33\">[33]<\/a> Hitti, <em>Siy\u00e2s\u00ee ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0130sl\u00e2m Tarihi<\/em>, I, 55-56.<br><a id=\"_edn34\" href=\"#_ednref34\">[34]<\/a> Hann\u00e2 el-F\u00e2h\u00fbr\u00ee, <em>el-M\u00fbcez<\/em>, I, 38.<br><a id=\"_edn35\" href=\"#_ednref35\">[35]<\/a> \u00c7a\u011fatay, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2mdan \u00d6nce Arap Tarihi<\/em>, s. 116.<br><a id=\"_edn36\" href=\"#_ednref36\">[36]<\/a> \u015eevk\u00ee Dayf,<em> \u2018Asru\u2019d-Duvel ve\u2019l-\u0130m\u00e2r\u00e2t<\/em>, s. 34.<br><a id=\"_edn37\" href=\"#_ednref37\">[37]<\/a> Brockelmann, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2m Milletleri ve Devletleri Tarihi I<\/em>, s. 3.<br><a id=\"_edn38\" href=\"#_ednref38\">[38]<\/a> \u00c7a\u011fatay, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2mdan \u00d6nce Arap Tarihi<\/em>, s. 117; \u015eevk\u00ee Dayf, <em>el-\u2018Asru\u2019l-C\u00e2hil\u00ee, <\/em>s. 67.<br><a id=\"_edn39\" href=\"#_ednref39\">[39]<\/a> \u00c7a\u011fatay, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2mdan \u00d6nce Arap Tarihi<\/em>, s. 119-120; \u015eevk\u00ee Dayf, <em>el-\u2018Asru\u2019l-C\u00e2hil\u00ee, <\/em>s. 67.<br><a id=\"_edn40\" href=\"#_ednref40\">[40]<\/a> \u00c7a\u011fatay, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2mdan \u00d6nce Arap Tarihi<\/em>, s. 120; \u015eevk\u00ee Dayf, <em>el-\u2018Asru\u2019l-C\u00e2hil\u00ee, <\/em>s. 67.<br><a id=\"_edn41\" href=\"#_ednref41\">[41]<\/a> G\u00fcnaltay, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00d6ncesi Araplar ve Dinleri<\/em>, s. 19; el-F\u00e2h\u00fbr\u00ee, <em>el-M\u00fbcez<\/em>, I, 45.<br><a id=\"_edn42\" href=\"#_ednref42\">[42]<\/a> Bir di\u011fer kaynakta, Yemenlilerden, Yahudili\u011fi yaln\u0131z baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n ve etraf\u0131ndakilerin kabul etti\u011fi ve Arap kabilelerinin bu dini uygun g\u00f6rmedikleri s\u00f6ylenir. Bkz. G\u00fcnaltay, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00d6ncesi Araplar ve Dinleri<\/em>, s. 89.<br><a id=\"_edn43\" href=\"#_ednref43\">[43]<\/a> Ahmed Em\u00een, <em>Fecru\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m<\/em>, s. 55-57.<br><a id=\"_edn44\" href=\"#_ednref44\">[44]<\/a> Ahmed Em\u00een, <em>Fecru\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m<\/em>, s. 57-60.<br><a id=\"_edn45\" href=\"#_ednref45\">[45]<\/a> G\u00fcnaltay, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00d6ncesi Araplar ve Dinleri<\/em>, s. 71.<br><a id=\"_edn46\" href=\"#_ednref46\">[46]<\/a> Brockelmann, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2m Milletleri ve Devletleri Tarihi<\/em> I, s. 4-5.<br><a id=\"_edn47\" href=\"#_ednref47\">[47]<\/a> el-F\u00e2h\u00fbr\u00ee, <em>el-M\u00fbcez<\/em>, I, 47-49.<br><a id=\"_edn48\" href=\"#_ednref48\">[48]<\/a> G\u00fcnaltay, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00d6ncesi Araplar ve Dinleri<\/em>, s. 14-15.<br><a id=\"_edn49\" href=\"#_ednref49\">[49]<\/a> Hitti, <em>Siy\u00e2s\u00ee ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0130sl\u00e2m Tarihi<\/em>, I, 19.<br><a id=\"_edn50\" href=\"#_ednref50\">[50]<\/a> \u015eevk\u00ee Dayf, <em>el-\u2018Asru\u2019l-C\u00e2hil\u00ee, <\/em>s. 86.<br><a id=\"_edn51\" href=\"#_ednref51\">[51]<\/a> \u00c7a\u011fatay, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2mdan \u00d6nce Arap Tarihi<\/em>, s. 116.<br><a id=\"_edn52\" href=\"#_ednref52\">[52]<\/a> G\u00fcnaltay, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00d6ncesi Araplar ve Dinleri<\/em>, s. 12; Komisyon, <em>Do\u011fu\u015ftan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130sl\u00e2m Tarihi, <\/em>I, 111-113.<br><a id=\"_edn53\" href=\"#_ednref53\">[53]<\/a> Hitti, <em>Siy\u00e2s\u00ee ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0130sl\u00e2m Tarihi<\/em>, I, 52.<br><a id=\"_edn54\" href=\"#_ednref54\">[54]<\/a> el-F\u00e2h\u00fbr\u00ee, <em>el-M\u00fbcez<\/em>, I, 40-41.<br><a id=\"_edn55\" href=\"#_ednref55\">[55]<\/a> Ahmed Em\u00een, <em>Fecru\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m<\/em>, s. 40-41.<br><a id=\"_edn56\" href=\"#_ednref56\">[56]<\/a> \u015eevk\u00ee Dayf, <em>el-\u2018Asru\u2019l-C\u00e2hil\u00ee, <\/em>s. 76-77, 81.<br><a id=\"_edn57\" href=\"#_ednref57\">[57]<\/a> \u00c7a\u011fatay, <em>\u0130sl\u00e2mdan \u00d6nce Arap Tarihi<\/em>, s. 28-29.<br><a id=\"_edn58\" href=\"#_ednref58\">[58]<\/a> el-F\u00e2h\u00fbr\u00ee, <em>el-M\u00fbcez<\/em>, I, 59-60.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130&ccedil;indekilerA. C\u00e2hiliye Kavram\u0131 \u00dczerineB. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131nda Sosyal HayatC. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131nda Din\u00ee HayatD. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131n\u0131da K\u00fclt\u00fcrel HayatE. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131nda Siyas\u00ee DurumF. C\u00e2hiliye D\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131nda \u0130ktisad\u00ee Durum A. C\u00e2hiliye Kavram\u0131 \u00dczerine C\u00e2hiliye Araplar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131na ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, C\u00e2hiliye[1] kelimesinin anlamlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m: C\u00e2hiliye kelimesi s\u00f6zl\u00fckte, ilmin z\u0131dd\u0131 yani bilgisizlik[2] anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi gibi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":4304,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[599],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3894"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3894"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3894\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5249,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3894\/revisions\/5249"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4304"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3894"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3894"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3894"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}