{"id":3897,"date":"2020-09-10T11:27:25","date_gmt":"2020-09-10T08:27:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=3897"},"modified":"2022-10-21T19:37:28","modified_gmt":"2022-10-21T16:37:28","slug":"hilful-fudulun-kisa-oykusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/hilful-fudulun-kisa-oykusu\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul\u2019\u00fcn K\u0131sa \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Giris\">Giri\u015f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Hilful-Fudul_Isminin_Baska_Hikayesi\">H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul \u0130sminin Ba\u015fka Hik\u00e2yesi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Hilful-Fudulun_Yardim_Calismalari\">H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul\u2019un Yard\u0131m \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Hilful-Fudulun_Sonraki_Durumu\">H\u0131lf\u2019ul-Fudul\u2019un Sonraki Durumu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Giris\">Giri\u015f<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, Peygamber Efendimiz Mekke&#8217;den Medine&#8217;ye hicret etti\u011finde kendisiyle beraber yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 terkeden Mekkelilerle onlara kucak a\u00e7an Medinelileri karde\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn Muhacir ve Ensar&#8217;dan iki ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda bir tart\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonunda her iki taraf kendi mensup olduklar\u0131 toplulu\u011fu yard\u0131ma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Efendimiz bu olay\u0131 duyunca \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc ve bu hareketi yasaklad\u0131. Bu \u015fekildeki bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 cahiliye \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131. (Ahmet ibni Hanbel, M\u00fcsned)Cahiliye \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, ki\u015finin hakl\u0131 veya haks\u0131z oldu\u011funa bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n kendi yanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n taraf\u0131n\u0131 tutmas\u0131 demektir. Cahiliye devrinde Mekke\u2019de ya\u015fanan bir olay bu durumu g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir. Yemenli bir adam ticaret i\u00e7in Mekke&#8217;ye geldi. As ibni Vail\u2019e bir \u015feyler satt\u0131, ancak paras\u0131n\u0131 alamad\u0131. As ibni Vail onun mal\u0131na el koydu. Bu durumda adam \u00e7aresiz bir \u015fekilde Ebu Kubeys da\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak ma\u011fduriyetini dile getiren bir \u015fiir okudu ve yard\u0131m \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunun \u00fczerine Ha\u015fimo\u011fullar\u0131, Esedo\u011fullar\u0131, Z\u00fchreo\u011fullar\u0131, Temimo\u011fullar\u0131 o s\u0131ralar \u015feref ve ikram sahibi Abdullah bin Cud\u2019an\u2019\u0131n evinde topland\u0131lar. Toplant\u0131n\u0131n sonunda her ne \u015fart alt\u0131nda olursa olsun zalimin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ve mazlumun yan\u0131nda olacaklar\u0131na dair birbirlerine s\u00f6z verdiler. Bu olay\u0131n sonunda As ibni Vail\u2019den mazlum t\u00fcccar\u0131n hakk\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. Mekkeliler de faziletli bir i\u015fe kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in onlar\u0131n bu antla\u015fmalar\u0131na H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul (Erdemlillerin S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi) dediler. (Vakidi, Me\u011fazi s.69)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Hilful-Fudul_Isminin_Baska_Hikayesi\"><strong>H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul \u0130sminin Ba\u015fka Hik\u00e2yesi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130smin k\u00f6kenine dair genel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bu olmakla beraber, Kurey\u015f kabilesinden daha \u00f6nceleri Mekke&#8217;de ya\u015fayan C\u00fcrh\u00fcm kabilesinden \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015finin buna benzer bir anla\u015fma yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi; Fadl ibni Fadale, Fadl ibni Ved\u00e2a, Fudayl bin Haris veya ba\u015fka bir rivayette; Fudayl bin \u015eeraa, Fadl bin Ved\u00e2a, Fadl bin Kad\u00e2a\u2026 \u00dc\u00e7 \u015fahs\u0131n isimlerinden m\u00fclhem olan ve Faz\u0131llar\u0131n yemini manas\u0131na gelen \u201cH\u0131lf\u2019ul-Fudul\u201d tesmiyesi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kurey\u015fliler daha sonralar\u0131 bu antla\u015fmaya benzer bir antla\u015fma yap\u0131nca bu isimle isimlendirilmi\u015flerdir. (Siret\u00fc ibni Hi\u015fam, 133)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peygamberimiz kendisinin de bu meclise kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler ve s\u00f6zlerine \u015fu \u015fekilde son verir; \u201cben Abdullah ibni C\u00fcd\u2019an\u2019\u0131n evinde \u00f6yle bir antla\u015fmaya \u015fahit oldum ki o bana her \u015feyden daha sevimlidir.\u201d Ba\u015fka bir rivayette \u201c\u015fayet \u0130slam&#8217;dan sonra \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lsam, o davete yine icabet ederdim\u201d buyurmu\u015ftur. (Ahmed ibni Hanbel, M\u00fcsned)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Hilful-Fudulun_Yardim_Calismalari\"><strong>H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul\u2019un Yard\u0131m \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir g\u00fcn S\u00fclame kabilesinden bir adam geldi ve Mekke&#8217;den \u00dcbey bin Halef\u2019le bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fte bulundu, ancak hakk\u0131n\u0131 alamad\u0131. Hatta \u00dcbey bin Halef\u2019in zulm\u00fcne maruz kald\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul\u2019a ba\u015fvurdu ve durumunu anlatt\u0131. Yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunanlar onun \u00dcbey bin Halef\u2019e gidip H\u0131lf\u2019ul-Fudul taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderildi\u011fini ve hakk\u0131n\u0131n kendisine verilmesini s\u00f6ylemesini s\u00f6ylediler. Vermedikleri takdirde gere\u011fini yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirdiler. Bunlar\u0131 duyan \u00dcbey bin Halef \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p hakk\u0131n\u0131 S\u00fclameli adama teslim etti. (\u0130bni Habib, el-M\u00fcnemmak, Ahbari Kurey\u015f) Bunun \u00fczerine adam bu durumu anlatan bir \u015fiir s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu olay\u0131n haricinde ya\u015fanan bir olay var ki Mekke&#8217;de ya\u015fanan cahiliye ortam\u0131n\u0131 bir kez daha g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Hasam kabilesinden bir adam k\u0131z\u0131yla beraber ticaret i\u00e7in Mekke&#8217;ye geldi. Al\u0131\u015f veri\u015f esnas\u0131nda orada bulunan Mekkeli N\u00fcbeyh bin Haccac bu tacirin k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 elinden zorla ald\u0131. K\u0131z\u0131 babas\u0131na H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul\u2019a ba\u015fvurmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Babas\u0131 H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul\u2019a giderek \u015fik\u00e2yette bulundu.&nbsp; Buradakiler k\u0131z\u0131 N\u00fcbeyh bin Haccac\u2019\u0131n elinden al\u0131p babas\u0131na verdiler. T\u00fcccar da k\u0131z\u0131yla beraber yurduna geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. (\u0130bni Habib, el-M\u00fcnemmak, 55)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00fcbeyd kabilesinden bir adam mallar\u0131yla beraber Mekke&#8217;ye geldi. Ancak Mekke&#8217;de Ebu Cehil bu adam\u0131n mallar\u0131n\u0131 hem kendi sat\u0131n almad\u0131 hem ba\u015fka t\u00fcccarlara da satt\u0131rmad\u0131. Mal\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyat verdi ve bu fiyattan daha yukar\u0131 satamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Adam K\u00e2be&#8217;dekilere d\u00f6nerek kendisinin zulme u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Peygamberimiz ona kimin zulmetti\u011fini sordu. Sonra adam\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 deve y\u00fck\u00fc mal\u0131n\u0131 adam\u0131n istedi\u011fi fiyattan sat\u0131n ald\u0131. Efendimiz sonra Ebu Cehil\u2019e y\u00f6nelerek ona bu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bir daha tekrarlamamas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. (Belazuri, Ensab\u2019ul-E\u015fraf)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Hilful-Fudulun_Sonraki_Durumu\"><strong>H\u0131lf\u2019ul-Fudul\u2019un Sonraki Durumu<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Peygamber Efendimiz ahirete g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikten sonra bile H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul Arap toplumu \u00fczerinde etkisini hissettirmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n haks\u0131zl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmalar\u0131, buray\u0131 hukuk ve adalet merkezi olarak g\u00f6rmeleri, asl\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131m sahibi STK&#8217;lar\u0131n \u00f6nemini bizlere bir kez daha g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu toplumsal kurulu\u015flar ki\u015filer aras\u0131ndaki hukuksuzluklar\u0131 d\u00fczeltmenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, yeri geldi\u011fi zaman liyakat sahibi olmayan devlet y\u00f6neticilerinin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015flara da m\u00fcdahalede bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu konuyla alakal\u0131 verece\u011fimiz \u00f6rnek bug\u00fcn dahi ihtiyac\u0131 hissedilen bu kurumun \u00f6nemini bir kez daha hat\u0131rlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hz. H\u00fcseyin ile zaman\u0131n Medine valisi Velid bin Utbe aras\u0131nda bir olay meydana geldi. Amcas\u0131 Muaviye bin Ebi S\u00fcfyan, Velid\u2019e Zilmerve\u2019deki bir mal i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleye girmesini emretti. O da Hz. H\u00fcseyin\u2019e mal\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 halifeye vermesini s\u00f6yledi. Hz. H\u00fcseyin ona \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201cAllah&#8217;a yemin olsun ki hakk\u0131m\u0131 bana pay edeceksiniz. Yoksa k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131m\u0131 al\u0131r, Rasulullah\u2019\u0131n mescidinde k\u0131yam eder ve insanlar\u0131 H\u0131lful\u2019-Fudul\u2019a davet ederim.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hz. H\u00fcseyin, Velid\u2019in yan\u0131nda bunlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011finde, Abdullah bin Z\u00fcbeyr de oradayd\u0131 ve \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201cE\u011fer o davet ederse, hakk\u0131n\u0131 ona verinceye kadar k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131m\u0131 al\u0131p yan\u0131nda k\u0131yam edece\u011fim veyahut hepimiz \u00f6lece\u011fiz.\u201d Bu nida ba\u015fkalar\u0131na da ula\u015f\u0131nca onlarda ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylediler. Bunun \u00fczerine Velid Hz. H\u00fcseyin\u2019e hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermek zorunda kald\u0131. (\u0130bni Hi\u015fam, H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayanlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na ko\u015fmu\u015f, toplumun hukuk sigortal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n birbirinin kurdu oldu\u011fu bu modern \u00e7a\u011fda, bu t\u00fcr kurum ve kurulu\u015flara ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z daha \u00e7ok artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu konuda Ebu S\u00fcfyan\u2019\u0131n kay\u0131npederi, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130slam&#8217;\u0131n az\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan biri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan Utbe bin Rebia\u2019n\u0131n H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6yledi\u011fi s\u00f6z, asl\u0131nda bu kurumun insanlar aras\u0131ndaki sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r: \u201c\u015eayet bir kimse kavmini b\u0131rak\u0131p H\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul\u2019a kat\u0131lacak olsa, o ger\u00e7ekten ben olurum.\u201d (Ebu\u2019l Ferec, el-E\u011fani, 17-186)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Nurullah K\u0131\u015fla<br><em>Bu yaz\u0131 \u0130lim Dergisi&#8217;nden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131:<\/strong> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/siyerin-anlasilmasi-icin-cahiliye-araplarinin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Siyerin Anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Cahiliye Araplar\u0131n\u0131n Ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131na Genel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f\">&#8220;Cahiliye Araplar\u0131n\u0131n Ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131&#8221;<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130&ccedil;indekilerGiri\u015fH\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul \u0130sminin Ba\u015fka Hik\u00e2yesiH\u0131lfu\u2019l-Fudul\u2019un Yard\u0131m \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131H\u0131lf\u2019ul-Fudul\u2019un Sonraki Durumu Giri\u015f Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, Peygamber Efendimiz Mekke&#8217;den Medine&#8217;ye hicret etti\u011finde kendisiyle beraber yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 terkeden Mekkelilerle onlara kucak a\u00e7an Medinelileri karde\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn Muhacir ve Ensar&#8217;dan iki ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda bir tart\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonunda her iki taraf kendi mensup olduklar\u0131 toplulu\u011fu yard\u0131ma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Efendimiz bu olay\u0131 duyunca \u00e7ok [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4302,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[599],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3897"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3897"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3897\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5247,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3897\/revisions\/5247"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4302"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3897"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3897"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3897"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}