{"id":39,"date":"2021-09-19T14:15:11","date_gmt":"2021-09-19T11:15:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/safirblog\/2018\/05\/03\/spotify-rakiplerini-solladi\/"},"modified":"2021-11-29T13:03:34","modified_gmt":"2021-11-29T10:03:34","slug":"islahatcilik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/islahatcilik\/","title":{"rendered":"Islahat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Islahatcilik\">Islahat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Islahatci_Akimin_Ozgun_Karakteri_ve_Onemli_Ozellikleri\">Islahat\u00e7\u0131 Ak\u0131m\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcn Karakteri ve \u00d6nemli \u00d6zellikleri<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Islahatin_Hedefi\">Islahat\u0131n Hedefi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Dini_Gelenege_Bakis\">Dini Gelene\u011fe Bak\u0131\u015f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Batilasma_ve_Moderniteye_Yaklasim\">Bat\u0131la\u015fma ve Moderniteye Yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kulturel_Islahatcilik\">K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Islahat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Nurculuk\">Nurculuk<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Suleymancilik\">S\u00fcleymanc\u0131l\u0131k<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Nedvetul-Ulema_ve_Medresetul-Islah\">Nedvet\u00fc\u2019l-Ulem\u00e2 ve Medreset\u00fc\u2019l-Islah<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Muhammediyye\">Muhammed\u00eeyye<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Siyasal_Islahatcilik\">Siyasal Islahat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Ihvan-i_Muslimin\">\u0130hvan-\u0131 M\u00fcslim\u00een<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Seyyid_Kutub_ve_Radikallesme\">Seyyid Kutub ve Radikalle\u015fme<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#1980_Sonrasi_Ihvan\">1980 Sonras\u0131 \u0130hvan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Diger_Ulkelerde_Ihvan\">Di\u011fer \u00dclkelerde \u0130hvan<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Cemaat-i_Islami\">Cemaat-i \u0130slam\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Hizbut-Tahrir\">Hizb\u00fc\u2019t-Tahrir<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Hizbullah\">Hizbullah<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ensarullah\">Ens\u00e2rullah<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Islahatcilik\">Islahat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/islahat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/islahat\">Islahat<\/a>, kurumda ya da devlet d\u00fczeninde eskimi\u015f, bozulmu\u015f yanlar\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek, iyile\u015ftirmek manalar\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bazen <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ihya\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ihya\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ihy\u00e2 <\/a>ve yenilenme anlam\u0131ndaki <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tecdid\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tecdid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tecdid <\/a>terimleri de \u0131slah yerine kullan\u0131labilmektedir. Tecdid ile \u00f6rne\u011fin \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/bidat\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/bidat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">bid\u2019at<\/a>lerden ar\u0131nma\u201d gibi inan\u00e7 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncedeki soyut bir yenilenme kastedilirken, \u0131slah kavram\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok soyut iyile\u015ftirmelere \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/reform\">Reform <\/a>kelimesi \u0131slah\u0131n e\u015fanlaml\u0131s\u0131 olarak yine s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ancak reform kavram\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7erdi\u011fi \u201cyeniden \u015fekil verme\u201d manas\u0131 \u0131slahat kavram\u0131ndaki \u201corijinal hale d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme\u201d fikrine z\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Islahat\u00e7\u0131lar bozulmay\u0131 \u0130slamiyet\u2019in kendisinde aramazlar. Bozulma M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n din alg\u0131s\u0131nda, ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131nda, dini kurumlarda, e\u011fitim m\u00fcesseselerinde, devlet d\u00fczeninde, k\u0131sacas\u0131 cemiyette, siyasette ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Islahat\u00e7\u0131 ak\u0131mlar bunlar\u0131 d\u00fczeltmeye, iyile\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Islahatci_Akimin_Ozgun_Karakteri_ve_Onemli_Ozellikleri\"><strong style=\"color: initial;\">Islahat\u00e7\u0131 Ak\u0131m\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcn Karakteri ve \u00d6nemli \u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1251\" width=\"372\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131lar ile siyasal \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda us\u00fbl ve y\u00f6ntem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belirgin farklar bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen her iki \u0131slah tarz\u0131n\u0131n ortak \u00f6zelliklerini \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Islahatin_Hedefi\">Islahat\u0131n Hedefi<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Problemi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p d\u00fczeltmeyi ama\u00e7larlar. Islahat\u00e7\u0131lara g\u00f6re M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu k\u00f6t\u00fc durum \u0130slamiyet kaynakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. As\u0131l nedeni M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015flarda aramak gerekir. Bur durum \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k metinlerinde \u201ckabahat \u0130slam\u2019da de\u011fil M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardad\u0131r\u201d mealinde ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Dini_Gelenege_Bakis\">Dini Gelene\u011fe Bak\u0131\u015f<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bozulmada ve geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131kta yanl\u0131\u015f geleneklerin de rol\u00fc oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, d\u00fczeltme ve in\u015fa hareketinde <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/gelenek\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/gelenek\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">gelene\u011fe<\/a> sayg\u0131 duymaya, onu korumaya \u00f6ncelik verilmez. Gelene\u011fi ele\u015ftirdikleri i\u00e7in kendilerinden uzakla\u015facak insan kayna\u011f\u0131, ele\u015ftirel davranmakla elde edilecek faydadan daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i ve \u00f6nceliklidir. Bu pragmatik durum bize \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, dini gelene\u011fin ele\u015ftirisini g\u00fcndemlerinin ba\u015f\u0131na alan <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modernizm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modernizm\">modernist <\/a>yap\u0131lardan fark\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Batilasma_ve_Moderniteye_Yaklasim\">Bat\u0131la\u015fma ve Moderniteye Yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>-Se\u00e7meci bir tav\u0131rla ve faydac\u0131 gayelerle Bat\u0131\u2019dan ve modern d\u00fcnyadan yararlanma yoluna gidilir.<br>-Temel kaynak ve referanslarda nakil-ak\u0131l dengesi g\u00f6zetilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<br>-Islahat\u00e7\u0131 olu\u015fumlarda s\u00fcrekli bir faaliyet, dinamizm ve te\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. S\u00f6z ve yaz\u0131 yerine i\u015f, eylem ve hareket \u00f6n plandad\u0131r.<br>-Faaliyetler ve g\u00f6zetilen ama\u00e7lar, dini-ilmi meseleler ile alakal\u0131 olmaktan ziyade siyaset, ekonomi, e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim, bas\u0131n-yay\u0131n odakl\u0131d\u0131r.<br>-Faaliyet alanlar\u0131 itibariyle entelekt\u00fcel bir birikime sahip olmak gerekti\u011finden, \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131 te\u015fkilat kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n elit bir tabaka olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<br>-Gelenek\u00e7i cemaatler ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131 cemaatlerde daha s\u0131k\u0131 disiplin, daha kat\u0131 hiyerar\u015fi ve daha resmi ili\u015fkiler g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar.<br>-Gelenek\u00e7i cemaatlere k\u0131yasla \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131 olu\u015fumlarda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n faaliyetlere daha geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenir.<br>-Islahat\u00e7\u0131 te\u015fkilatlarda liderli\u011fe y\u00fckselmede bir kriter olarak dini tahsil \u00e7ok \u00f6nem arz etmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Kulturel_Islahatcilik\"><strong style=\"color: initial;\">K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Islahat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131 olu\u015fumlar daha \u00e7ok insan unsuru \u00fczerinde odaklanan ve toplumun sosyal taban\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p tavandaki y\u00f6netime ula\u015fan bir \u0131slahat program\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren hareketlerdir. Haliyle ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve daha uzun bir \u0131slahat program\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Nurculuk\"><strong>Nurculuk<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1957\" width=\"358\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-1.jpeg 927w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-1-300x218.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-1-768x558.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Hareketin kurucusu <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/said-nursi\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/said-nursi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Said Nursi<\/a>\u2019dir (1878-1960). Tahsil g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerler aras\u0131nda <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/halidiyye\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/halidiyye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Halidiyye<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/naksibendiyye\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/naksibendiyye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nak\u015f\u00eeli\u011fi<\/a>\u2019nin \u00f6nemli merkezlerinden Ta\u011f ve Nor\u015fin medreselerinin de bulunmas\u0131, Nurs\u00ee\u2019nin daha gen\u00e7 ya\u015ftayken tasavvufi terbiye ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130lmi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019da da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu tecr\u00fcbeleri onda geleneksel medrese e\u011fitiminde yenilik yapma fikrini do\u011furdu. Dini ilimler ile sosyal ve fenni ilimlerin birlikte okutulaca\u011f\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medreset%C3%BC'z-Zehra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medreset%C3%BC'z-Zehra\">Medreset\u00fc\u2019z-Zehr\u00e2<\/a> ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi medrese projesi b\u00f6yle bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Said Nurs\u00ee, II. Abd\u00fclhamid (1842-1918) muhalifi \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7evrelerle yak\u0131n ili\u015fkisinden dolay\u0131 yak\u0131n takibata u\u011frad\u0131, bu y\u00fczden faaliyetleri k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131. <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0kinci_Me%C5%9Frutiyet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0kinci_Me%C5%9Frutiyet\">II. Me\u015frutiyet <\/a>(1908) sonras\u0131nda dini gayelerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131larla yolunu tamam\u0131yla ay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medreset\u00fc\u2019z-Zehr\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n temelini Van G\u00f6l\u00fc k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda atsa da I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 nedeniyle bu proje hayata ge\u00e7medi. Nurs\u00ee, 1920\u2019de Ankara\u2019da toplanan birinci Millet Meclisi\u2019ne davet edildi. Orada yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinde dini duygular\u0131n oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fchim role de\u011findi. Baz\u0131 mebuslar\u0131n namazlar\u0131n\u0131 ihmal ettiklerinden bahsetmesi meclis ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Kemal\u2019in (1881-1938) ho\u015funa gitmedi ve onu fitne \u00e7\u0131karmakla itham etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131p Van\u2019a giderek inzivaya \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. Siyasetle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e oldu\u011fu o zamana kadarki hayat\u0131na Eski Said d\u00f6nemi ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f, kendisini tedris ve telife adad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bundan sonraki d\u00f6nemi ise Yeni Said d\u00f6nemi olarak isimlendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cZaman tarikat zaman\u0131 de\u011fil, zaman iman\u0131 kurtarma zaman\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d diyen Said Nurs\u00ee, \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlere ge\u00e7en akl\u00ee ve fenn\u00ee bilimler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla gen\u00e7 nesillerin dinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak materyalizme y\u00f6nlendirildi\u011fini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, bu nedenle de sapt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f h\u00fccumlara kar\u015f\u0131 yeni nesillerin iman\u0131n\u0131 akl\u00ee delillerle tahkim etmek istemi\u015f, imanlar\u0131 taklit seviyesinden tahkik seviyesine \u00e7\u0131karacak bir s\u00f6ylemi eserine yans\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00fcsrev Alt\u0131nba\u015fak\u2019\u0131n (1899-1977) <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/risale-i-nur-kulliyati\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/risale-i-nur-kulliyati\">Risale-i Nur<\/a>\u2019lar\u0131n Latin harfleriyle bas\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve eskiden oldu\u011fu gibi Osmanl\u0131ca asl\u0131 \u00fczerinden yaz\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunmas\u0131 Nurculuk b\u00fcnyesindeki ilk ayr\u0131l\u0131k say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu gruba Yaz\u0131c\u0131lar denilirken, risalelerin Latin harfleriyle bas\u0131m\u0131na devam edenler Okuyucular olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nurculu\u011fun hangi ilke ve y\u00f6ntemlerle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fi \u00fczerindeki tart\u0131\u015fmalar, b\u00f6l\u00fcnmelere sebebiyet vermi\u015f ve yeni Nurcu cemaatlerin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Bunlar aras\u0131nda belki en b\u00fcy\u00fck olu\u015fum olan Fetullah G\u00fclen (1941) grubudur. Davet ve faaliyetlerinde liderleri olan G\u00fclen\u2019in fikir ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Said Nurs\u00ee\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7irdikleri i\u00e7in -k\u00f6kenleri Nurculuk olmakla birlikte- \u201cneo-Nurcu\u201d olarak m\u00fcstakil bir cemaat say\u0131lmalar\u0131 daha do\u011fru bir de\u011ferlendirme olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1958\" width=\"334\" height=\"211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik-2.jpg 703w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik-2-300x189.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Suleymancilik\"><strong>S\u00fcleymanc\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kurucusu S\u00fcleyman Hilmi Tuna\u2019d\u0131r (1988-1959). 1971\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan biri y\u00f6netmelikle t\u00fcm Kur\u2019an kursu binalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m haklar\u0131n\u0131n Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na devrinin istenmesi S\u00fcleymanc\u0131 camia i\u00e7in bir krizin kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cemaat bu fiili durumu bundan sonra \u00f6\u011frenci yurtlar\u0131 a\u00e7arak a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orta ve y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011frenim \u00f6\u011frencilerine bar\u0131nma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bu yurtlar ayn\u0131 zamanda bir Kur\u2019an kursu\/medrese vazifesi g\u00f6rmektedir. \u00dcst kadrosunu imam hatipli ve ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131lardan olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Diyanet te\u015fkilat\u0131 ile S\u00fcleymanc\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6z konusu gerginlik, camian\u0131n din diline <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/ehli-sunnet-mezhebi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Ehli S\u00fcnnet Mezhebi\">Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet<\/a> m\u00fcdafaas\u0131 olarak yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baz\u0131 ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u201cmezhepsiz modernistler\u201d olduklar\u0131, Kur\u2019an ve s\u00fcnneti tam olarak bilmedikleri, hatta \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 ya\u015famad\u0131klar\u0131, buna ra\u011fmen haklar\u0131 olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/ictihat-nedir\/\" title=\"\u0130\u00e7tihat Nedir?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">m\u00fc\u00e7tehitlik<\/a>\u201d yapmaya kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde 1970-1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kisakurek-necip-fazil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kisakurek-necip-fazil\">Necip Faz\u0131l <\/a>(1905-1983), <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/davudoglu-ahmet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/davudoglu-ahmet\">Ahmet Davuto\u011flu<\/a> (1912-1983) gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fahsiyetlerin dillendirdikleri s\u00f6ylem, S\u00fcleymanc\u0131 camia taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcm Diyanet mensuplar\u0131na te\u015fmil edilmi\u015f, bu konuda cemaate yak\u0131n gazete ve dergilerde bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131 ve haber ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Nedvetul-Ulema_ve_Medresetul-Islah\"><strong>Nedvet\u00fc\u2019l-Ulem\u00e2 ve Medreset\u00fc\u2019l-Islah<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1959\" width=\"419\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik-3.jpg 771w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik-3-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik-3-768x398.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nedvetul-ulema\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nedvetul-ulema\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nedvet\u00fc\u2019l-Ulem\u00e2<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/medresetul-islah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/medresetul-islah\">Medreset\u00fc\u2019l-Islah<\/a>, Diyobendiyye\u2019ye benzer \u015fekilde Hint alt k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n tipik medrese sistemini uygulayan k\u00f6kl\u00fc ve te\u015fkilatl\u0131 e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/muhammed-ali\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/muhammed-ali\">Muhammed Ali Monger\u00ee<\/a> (1878-1931) \u00f6nderli\u011finde Hint ulemas\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli isimler Enc\u00fcmen-i Nedvet\u00fc\u2019l-Ulema ad\u0131ndaki bir dernek vas\u0131tas\u0131yla 1892 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir araya geldiler. Toplant\u0131n\u0131n gayesi, alt k\u0131tadaki \u00e7e\u015fitli mezhep ve ak\u0131mlar aras\u0131ndaki ihtilaflar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak suretiyle, Bat\u0131l\u0131 e\u011fitim sisteminin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olan dinsizlik ve di\u011fer zararl\u0131 ideolojilere kar\u015f\u0131 bir birlik halinde m\u00fccadele etmek, bu sisteme ger\u00e7ekten alternatif olacak bir e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim program\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fler hale getirmek ve b\u00f6ylece b\u00f6lge M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n gerilemesini durdurarak ilerlemeye ge\u00e7mekti. Bu ama\u00e7la Nedvet\u00fc\u2019l-Ulem\u00e2 (\u00c2limler Kurulu) ad\u0131yla bir cemiyet te\u015fkil edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak birlik ve beraberlik yolundaki hedef hi\u00e7bir zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi. Nedve \u00e2limleri, orta yollu bir e\u011fitim program\u0131n\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in Leknev \u015fehrinde Nedvet\u00fc\u2019l-Ulem\u00e2 D\u00e2rulul\u00fbmu ad\u0131yla yeni bir medrese kurdular. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla birlik gayesiyle ba\u015flat\u0131lan Nedve giri\u015fimi yepyeni bir ekol\u00fcn do\u011fu\u015funun zeminini haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nedve D\u00e2rulul\u00fbmu kurulurken medrese m\u00fcfredat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ihtiya\u00e7lara g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmesi ilk hedefler olarak belirlendi. Arap\u00e7an\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u0130ngilizcenin de zorunlu dersler aras\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na karar verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bundaki ama\u00e7, Bat\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 ideolojilere kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir sava\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctecek \u00e2limleri donan\u0131ml\u0131 hale getirmek ve \u0130slam \u00f6\u011fretilerini ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde ne\u015fredecek dil becerisini mezunlara kazand\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1905\u2019te Nedve\u2019ye kat\u0131lan <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sibli-numani\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sibli-numani\">\u015eibli Nu\u2019man\u00ee<\/a> (1857-1914), klasik d\u00e2rulul\u00fbm m\u00fcfredat\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcspet ilimleri de kapsayacak \u015fekilde yenilenmesine en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flayan ki\u015fidir. Yine Nu\u2019man\u00ee\u2019nin S\u00fcnnilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki mezhebi olu\u015fumlar\u0131 da kapsayan toleransl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 Hint ulemas\u0131n\u0131n geleneksel d\u0131\u015flamac\u0131 tutumundan farkl\u0131yd\u0131. Onun t\u00fcm bu \u00e7abalar\u0131 fazla modern bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in Nedve b\u00fcnyesinde rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa sebep olmu\u015f, maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tenkit ve bask\u0131lar sonucunda Nu\u2019man\u00ee 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00e2rulul\u00fbm\u2019dan istifa etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bug\u00fcn Hint alt k\u0131tas\u0131nda y\u00fczden fazla \u015fubesi bulunan Nedvet\u00fc\u2019l-Ulem\u00e2 D\u00e2rulul\u00fbmu, \u00f6\u011frencilerin h\u00e2l\u00e2 yerde rahleler \u00fczerinde geleneksel usulde ders dinledi\u011fi Diyobend medreselerinin aksine, Nedvet\u00fc\u2019l-Ulem\u00e2 medreselerinde s\u0131ralar \u00fczerinde, bilgisayar ve di\u011fer teknik materyal yordam\u0131yla dersler i\u015flenmektedir. Nedve\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 Meclis-i Tahk\u00eek\u00e2t-u Ne\u015friyyat-\u0131 \u0130slam birimi de\u011fi\u015fik dillerde kitaplar ne\u015fretmektedir. Meclis-i Tahk\u00eek\u00e2t-\u0131 \u015eeriat birimi de \u0130slam hukuku alan\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eibl\u00ee Nu\u2019man\u00ee\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan Nedvet\u00fc\u2019l-Ulem\u00e2 ekol\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00fcnl\u00fc ismi \u015f\u00fcphesiz <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nedvi-ebul-hasan\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nedvi-ebul-hasan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ebu\u2019l-Hasan en-Nedv\u00ee<\/a>\u2019dir (1914-1999). Bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, milliyet\u00e7ilik ve ahlaki yozla\u015fma, Nedv\u00ee\u2019nin tenkitlerinde odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca konulard\u0131r. Davet\u00e7i vasf\u0131n\u0131 daima \u00f6n planda tutmu\u015f, bu nedenle <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/cemaat-i-teblig\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/cemaat-i-teblig\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tebli\u011f Cemaati<\/a>\u2019ne her zaman yak\u0131n bir \u015fahsiyet olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ebu\u2019l-Hasan en-Nedv\u00ee \u00fcmmetin birli\u011fi meselesini s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcndeminde tutmu\u015f, di\u011fer dini olu\u015fumlarda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 tenkit etmekle beraber hi\u00e7bir zaman grup veya mezhep <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/taassup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/taassup\">taassubuyla <\/a>hareket ederek onlarla ili\u015fkileri koparmam\u0131\u015f, d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 bir tav\u0131r tak\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nak\u015fibendiyye tarikatlar\u0131na mensubiyeti bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Arap \u00fclkelerindeki <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/selefiyye-mezhebi\/\" title=\"Selefiyye Mezhebi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Selefi <\/a>organizasyonlarla yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler kurabilmi\u015ftir. Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 1962\u2019de kurulan <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/rabitatul-alemil-islami\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/rabitatul-alemil-islami\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">R\u00e2b\u0131tat\u00fc\u2019l-\u00c2lemi\u2019l-\u0130slam\u00ee<\/a>\u2019nin kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta bu yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler nedeniyle, t\u0131pk\u0131 siyasal \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt k\u0131tadaki en me\u015fhur ismi olan <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mevdudi\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mevdudi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mevdudi<\/a> (1903-1979) gibi o da <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/vehhabilik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/vehhabilik\">Vehhab\u00ee<\/a> olmakla su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumu \u0131slah etmek ve onlar\u0131n dini ve sosyal sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek, Medreset\u00fc\u2019l-Islah\u2019\u0131n ana misyonu olarak belirlenmi\u015fti. Medreset\u00fc\u2019l-Islah ekol\u00fcnden Hint alt k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli isim aras\u0131nda belki de ilk s\u0131rada olan ki\u015fi Emin Ahsen Islah\u00ee\u2019dir (1904-1997). Nedve D\u00e2rulul\u00fbmu hocalar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cNedv\u00ee\u201d lakab\u0131yla an\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi, Emin Ahsen de mezun oldu\u011fu ve uzun y\u0131llar hocal\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuruma nispetin \u201cIslah\u00ee\u201d diye an\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayn\u0131 ekolden di\u011fer bir \u00fcnl\u00fc isim 1925 do\u011fumlu Mevl\u00e2na Vah\u00eed\u00fcddin Han\u2019d\u0131r (1925-2021). Hint \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda Islah\u00ee ekolden yeti\u015fen di\u011fer bir tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u015fahsiyet 1951 do\u011fumlu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/48300949\/Pakistan_da_%C3%87a%C4%9Fda%C5%9F_D%C3%B6nemde_Metodolojik_ve_Ele%C5%9Ftirel_Kelam%C3%AE_Yakla%C5%9F%C4%B1m_Cavid_Ahmet_Gamid%C3%AE_%C3%96rne%C4%9Fi\" title=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/48300949\/Pakistan_da_%C3%87a%C4%9Fda%C5%9F_D%C3%B6nemde_Metodolojik_ve_Ele%C5%9Ftirel_Kelam%C3%AE_Yakla%C5%9F%C4%B1m_Cavid_Ahmet_Gamid%C3%AE_%C3%96rne%C4%9Fi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">C\u00e2vid Ahmet \u011e\u00e2mid\u00ee\u2019<\/a>dir. \u011e\u00e2mid\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re \u0130slamiyet\u2019in \u00f6ncelikli istedi\u011fi \u015fey, siyasi bir \u0130slam\u00ee d\u00fczen kurmak de\u011fildir. Bu dinin ba\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen birincil g\u00f6rev Allah\u2019a hakk\u0131yla kulluk etmektir. \u011e\u00e2mid\u00ee zulm\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in di\u011fer t\u00fcm vas\u0131talar t\u00fckenmi\u015fse s\u0131cak <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/cihad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/cihad\">cihat <\/a>faaliyetlerini gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Cihat ancak bir devlet taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bir grup veya cemaatin silahl\u0131 faaliyetleri cihat olarak nitelenemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f hedefleri ve ortaya koyduklar\u0131 misyon itibariyle ayn\u0131 gayeleri ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f olsalar da geldikleri konum itibariyle Nedvet\u00fc\u2019l-Ulem\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n Diyobend gelenek\u00e7ili\u011fine, Medreset\u00fc\u2019l Islah\u2019\u0131n ise Aligarh modernizmine yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Muhammediyye\"><strong>Muhammed\u00eeyye<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1960\" width=\"234\" height=\"245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik-4.jpg 449w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Islahatcilik-4-287x300.jpg 287w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 234px) 100vw, 234px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/dahlan-kiai-haci-ahmed\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/dahlan-kiai-haci-ahmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hac\u0131 Ahmet Dahl\u00e2n <\/a>(1868-1923) taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. O s\u0131rada Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi alt\u0131nda olan Endonezya\u2019daki yo\u011fun <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/misyonerlik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/misyonerlik\">misyoner <\/a>faaliyetleri, Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zellikle tahsilli kesimlerindeki \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc etkisi, bunun yan\u0131nda e\u011fitimsiz geni\u015f kitlelerde g\u00f6zlemlendi\u011fi \u015fekliyle yerel ilkel dinlerdeki gelenek ve rit\u00fcellerin daha \u00e7ok tasavvufi kanallardan \u0130slam\u00ee olanlarla birle\u015ferek sahih olmayan dini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 bir grup duyarl\u0131 \u00e2limi harekete ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, bu bozulmalar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in ciddi ve sistemli bir e\u011fitim hamlesinin gereklili\u011fi fikriyle Muhammed\u00eeyye hareketinin temelleri at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kur\u2019an ve s\u00fcnneti modern geli\u015fmeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeniden yoruma tabi tutarak \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bireylerin sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ve bu bireylerden olu\u015facak ideal \u0130slam toplumunun olu\u015fumu, cemaatin ula\u015fmak istedi\u011fi ana hedefti. Bu do\u011frultuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sahalar\u0131, e\u011fitim ve din hizmetleri olarak belirlendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dini ilimler yan\u0131nda tarih, co\u011frafya, matematik, fizik, biyoloji gibi dersler m\u00fcfredata dahil edilerek \u00f6\u011frencilerin modern d\u00fcnyadan haberdar olmalar\u0131 ama\u00e7land\u0131. K\u0131zlar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 medreseler a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Muhammed\u00eeyye, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nehdatul-ulema\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/nehdatul-ulema\">Nehdat\u00fc\u2019l-Ulem\u00e2\u2019dan<\/a> sonra Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck dini cemaatidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00fcnnili\u011fin d\u00f6rt f\u0131k\u0131h mezhebinden birini taklit etmeyi zaruri g\u00f6ren Nehdat\u00fc\u2019l-Ulem\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n aksine Muhammed\u00eeyye, mezhep\u00e7ili\u011fi zay\u0131flatmay\u0131 hedefleyen bir s\u00f6ylemi benimsemi\u015ftir. Mutaass\u0131p bir taklit\u00e7ili\u011fi k\u0131namakta, i\u00e7tihad\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 savunmakta, tarikat \u015feyhlerinin dini otorite g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Muhammediyye tarikatlara her zaman ku\u015fkuyla yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Siyasal_Islahatcilik\"><strong style=\"color: initial;\">Siyasal Islahat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Siyasal \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta devlet nizam\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek veya en az\u0131ndan iktidar\u0131 ku\u015fatarak etkili bir pozisyonu elde etmek, b\u00f6ylelikle devletin e\u011fitim, adalet, finans gibi organlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak suretiyle toplumsal \u0131slahat hedeflerine ula\u015fmak as\u0131l gayedir. Siyasi vas\u0131talar \u00fczerinden dini gayelere eri\u015filmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u201cdini siyasete alet etme\u201d su\u00e7lamas\u0131 siyasal \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131 hareketlere d\u00f6n\u00fck en yayg\u0131n tenkit noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Yine bu ak\u0131m\u0131n temsilcilerinin \u0130slamiyet\u2019i s\u0131rf bir siyasi ideoloji olarak takdim ettikleri ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Ihvan-i_Muslimin\"><strong>\u0130hvan-\u0131 M\u00fcslim\u00een<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1961\" width=\"334\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-5.jpg 748w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-5-300x203.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hasan-el-benna\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hasan-el-benna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hasan el-Benn\u00e2<\/a> (1906-1949) \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da kuruldu. Hasan el-Benn\u00e2 <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ihvan-i-muslimin\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ihvan-i-muslimin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0130hvan-\u0131 M\u00fcslim\u00een<\/a>\u2019i S\u00fcnni, selefi, s\u00fbf\u00ee, siyasi ve sportif bir cemaat, ilmi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir cemiyet, ekonomik bir \u015firket ve sosyal bir fikir sistemi olarak tan\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bu tarifte selefilik ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/kelebek\/keyif\/sufilik-nedir-sufi-ne-demek-41135969\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/kelebek\/keyif\/sufilik-nedir-sufi-ne-demek-41135969\">s\u00fbf\u00eeli\u011fin <\/a>bir arada yer almas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Benn\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n selefili\u011finin, dini metinleri literalist bir bi\u00e7imde yorumlayan Vehh\u00e2bilik e\u011filimli Selefiyye gelenek\u00e7ili\u011fi ili bir ili\u015fkisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Selefili\u011fin hemen ard\u0131ndan s\u00fbf\u00eeli\u011fin zikredilmesi bunun kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Buradaki selefilik daha \u00e7ok <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/muhammed-abduh\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/muhammed-abduh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Abduh <\/a>(1849-1905)-<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/resid-riza\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/resid-riza\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Re\u015fid R\u0131za<\/a> (1865-1935) ekol\u00fcn\u00fcn bir karakteri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ilk kaynaklara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fc ama daha \u00e7ok Kur\u2019an merkezli bir metodolojiyi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1948\u2019de <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arap-%C4%B0srail_sava%C5%9Flar%C4%B1\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arap-%C4%B0srail_sava%C5%9Flar%C4%B1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arap-\u0130srail sava\u015f\u0131<\/a> ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130hvan\u2019dan \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmak \u00fczere cephelere ko\u015fmu\u015ftur. \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r ve di\u011fer Arap \u00fclkelerindeki <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/yahudilik-tarihi\/\" title=\"Yahudilik Tarihi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Yahudilere <\/a>kar\u015f\u0131 da cihat \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 \u0130ngilizleri endi\u015felendirmi\u015f ve h\u00fck\u00fcmete yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bask\u0131lar neticesinde 1948 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131nda \u0130hvan yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilan edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hasan el-Benn\u00e2 dini ve ahlaki de\u011ferlerin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi i\u00e7in \u0130slami bir devletin kurulmas\u0131, sonra da hilafetin yeniden tesisi yoluyla \u0130slam birli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekliydi. Kitlelere \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ger\u00e7ek \u00e7ehresiyle \u00f6\u011fretilmesi ve bunu dinin hayat\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ku\u015fatan bir sistem oldu\u011funun benimsetilmesi laz\u0131md\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Benn\u00e2 bu gayeye ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 prensibi esas ald\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1-\u0130slam\u2019\u0131n yeg\u00e2ne kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kur\u2019an ve sahih hadisler oldu\u011funu belirtmek.<br>2-\u0130slam\u2019\u0131n modern hayat\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na cevap verebilece\u011fi fikriyle birle\u015ftirmek.<br>3-Bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in \u0130slam\u00ee esaslar\u0131, yani \u015feriat\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irme gayesiyle te\u015fkilatlanmak ve bu siyasi hedefe do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcmek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Benn\u00e2\u2019dan sonra \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7en <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hassan_al-Hudaybi\" title=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hassan_al-Hudaybi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hasan el-Hudayb\u00ee<\/a> (1891-1973) d\u00f6neminde de bu ilkeler do\u011frultusunda faaliyetlere devam edildi. 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H%C3%BCr_Subaylar_Hareketi\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H%C3%BCr_Subaylar_Hareketi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">H\u00fcr Subaylar Hareketi<\/a>\u2019nin bir darbeyle monar\u015fiye son vermesi ve cumhuriyeti ilan\u0131 ilk ba\u015flarda \u0130hvan taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmi\u015fti. Ancak darbenin liderlerinden <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cemal_Abd%C3%BCnnas%C4%B1r\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cemal_Abd%C3%BCnnas%C4%B1r\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cemal Abdunn\u00e2s\u0131r<\/a>\u2019\u0131n (1981-1970) M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da tek adam haline gelmesi ve \u00fclke y\u00f6netimini milliyet\u00e7i, <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sosyalizm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sosyalizm\">sosyalist <\/a>bir \u00e7izgiye getirmesi bir kez daha devlet ile \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130hvan M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u0130slami bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet istiyordu. 1954\u2019teAbdunn\u00e2s\u0131r\u2019a yap\u0131lan bir suikast giri\u015fiminden \u0130hvan sorumlu tutuldu, d\u00f6rt bin ki\u015fiyi bulan tutuklamalar vukuu buldu ve te\u015fkilat bir kez daha yasaklanm\u0131\u015f oldu. Hudayb\u00ee ile alt\u0131 \u0130hvan lideri \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Hudayb\u00ee\u2019nin cezas\u0131 m\u00fcebbette \u00e7evrildi fakat di\u011fer liderler idam edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te te\u015fkilat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belki de en \u00f6nemli sorun, \u00f6ncelikle cezaevindeki \u0130hvan mensubu mahkumlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130slami m\u00fccadele usul\u00fcn\u00fcn niteli\u011fi \u00fczerindeki geni\u015f boyutlu ihtilaft\u0131. \u00d6zellikle M\u0131s\u0131r zindanlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlar\u0131 ve uygulanan i\u015fkenceler, baz\u0131 mensuplar\u0131 Hudayb\u00ee liderli\u011findeki \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131n orta yolcu ve uzla\u015fmac\u0131 m\u00fccadele y\u00f6ntemini sorgulamaya itmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Seyyid_Kutub_ve_Radikallesme\"><strong>Seyyid Kutub ve Radikalle\u015fme<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/islahatcilik-6-1024x667.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1962\" width=\"357\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/islahatcilik-6-1024x667.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/islahatcilik-6-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/islahatcilik-6-768x500.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/islahatcilik-6.jpg 1271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u011fitim ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yapmak \u00fczere 1948\u2019de ABD\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilen bir heyette yer alan<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/seyyid-kutub\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/seyyid-kutub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> Seyyid Kutub<\/a>\u2019un (1906-1966) iki y\u0131l s\u00fcren seyahati, onun fikri ve siyasi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Seyyid Kutub kesin bir Bat\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olarak ABD\u2019den d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu fikirleriyle birlikte sosyalist ve milliyet\u00e7i H\u00fcr Subaylar komitesi ile irtibata ge\u00e7ti, 1952 darbesini destekledi, Cemal Abdunn\u00e2s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinde bulundu. Kutub e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak \u0130hvan ile de irtibata ge\u00e7ti. Abdunn\u00e2s\u0131r ve \u0130hvan aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in arabuluculuk yapt\u0131, fakat ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1954\u2019te M\u0131s\u0131r devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Abdunn\u00e2s\u0131r\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z suikast giri\u015fiminden sorumlu tutulan \u0130hvan y\u00f6neticileriyle birlikte tutukland\u0131 ve on y\u0131l kadar hapis yatt\u0131. Bu s\u00fcrede me\u015fhur eseri<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/fi-zilalil-kuran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/fi-zilalil-kuran\"> Fi Z\u0131l\u00e2li\u2019l-Kur\u2019an<\/a>\u2019\u0131 yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1964\u2019teki tahliyesinden sonra kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yoldaki_%C4%B0%C5%9Faretler\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yoldaki_%C4%B0%C5%9Faretler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Yoldaki i\u015faretler<\/a>\u201d adl\u0131 radikal \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n rehber kitab\u0131 say\u0131lan eserindeki fikirlerinden dolay\u0131 ve \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131 canland\u0131rma faaliyetlerinde bulundu\u011fu su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla 1965\u2019te tekrar tutukland\u0131 ve idam cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toplumlar Kutub\u2019a g\u00f6re M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve cahil\u00ee olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplum sadece Allah\u2019a kul olup hayat\u0131n\u0131 onun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenleyen insanlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu toplumdur. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/cahiliye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/cahiliye\">Cahiliyye <\/a>toplumu ise \u0130slam inanc\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, hukuku ve ahlak\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu toplumla m\u00fccadele, tebli\u011f ve cihat vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r. M\u00fccadeleyi y\u00fcr\u00fctecek \u00f6nc\u00fc bir cemaatin \u00f6ncelikle olu\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu cemaat, \u015firk ve k\u00fcfr\u00fcn t\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fitlerinden ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f saf bir akide (tevhid) temelinde bir araya gelir ve m\u00fccadelesini \u201cRabban\u00ee y\u00f6ntem\u201d ad\u0131 verilen, t\u00fcm peygamberlerin Kur\u2019an\u2019da anlat\u0131lan m\u00fccadele y\u00f6ntemini izleyerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu y\u00f6ntem, fedak\u00e2rca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen, d\u00fcnyevi beklentiler ta\u015f\u0131mayan, sadece Allah r\u0131zas\u0131 g\u00f6zeten, en \u00f6nemlisi Cahiliyye sistemiyle asla uzla\u015fmaya girmeyen bir m\u00fccadeleyi gerektirir. Dinin kendisi ilahi kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi onun hareket metodu da ilahidir. \u00d6nc\u00fcler bu metodu izleyerek ama\u00e7lanan \u0130slam h\u00e2kimiyetine, yani daru\u2019l-\u0130slam\u2019a ula\u015fabilirler. Kutub, bu \u00f6nc\u00fc gruba bu uzun ve zorlu yolculu\u011funda rehberlik etmesi i\u00e7in Yoldaki \u0130\u015faretler\u2019i yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kald\u0131klar\u0131 cezaevlerinde \u015fiddetli bask\u0131 ve i\u015fkencelere maruz kalan \u0130hvan mensubu bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u0130slamc\u0131 mahk\u00fbm, psikolojik durumlar\u0131n\u0131n da etkisiyle s\u00f6z konusu radikal kavramlara sempati duydu. \u015eiddet yanl\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015flamac\u0131 tutumlara sahip marjinal olu\u015fumlara kayd\u0131. Baz\u0131s\u0131 cahil\u00ee sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumdan kendisinin tamam\u0131yla soyutlad\u0131. Camileri terk ettiler, okuduklar\u0131 okullar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 devlet memuriyetlerini b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 bombalama, adam ka\u00e7\u0131rma ve suikast eylemleriyle g\u00fcndeme geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seyyid Kutub\u2019un cihadi selefili\u011fe katk\u0131s\u0131 belirgin \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Onun hem Fi Zilal tefsiri hem de Yoldaki \u0130\u015faretler\u2019inde \u0130bn Teymiyye (\u00f6.728\/1328) ve \u0130bn Kayyim el-Cevziyye (\u00f6.751\/1350) kaynakl\u0131 olarak cihat ve daru\u2019l-\u0130slam kavramlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yorumlar s\u00f6z konusu \u00e7evrede \u00f6nemle de\u011ferlendirilmeye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cahili toplum, Rabbani metot, tevhidi \u00f6nc\u00fc cemaat terimleri de yine radikal selefi terminolojiye Kutub\u2019un kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kavramlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cahili toplum kavram\u0131 umum\u00ee <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tekfir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tekfir\">tekfirin <\/a>zeminini olu\u015fturmu\u015f, daru\u2019l-\u0130slam ve daru\u2019l-k\u00fcf\u00fcr kavramlar\u0131 halktan soyutlanman\u0131n bir mazereti olmu\u015f, Rabbani metodu izlemedikleri i\u00e7in \u0130hvan gibi ana ak\u0131mlardan kopmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130hvan y\u00f6netimi, Seyyid Kutub\u2019un fikirleri etraf\u0131nda \u015fekil alan s\u00f6z konusu d\u0131\u015flamac\u0131 ve \u015fiddet yanl\u0131s\u0131 olan olu\u015fumlara kar\u015f\u0131 bir fikir sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Te\u015fkilat\u0131n Benn\u00e2\u2019dan sonraki ikinci lideri Hasan el-Hudayb\u00ee, zararl\u0131 buldu\u011fu bu t\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere ve Benn\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n fikir ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden sapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olu\u015fumlara kar\u015f\u0131 Nahn\u00fc Du\u2019\u00e2t L\u00e2 Kud\u00e2t adl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc reddiyesini yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hudayb\u00ee\u2019nin bu kitab\u0131 \u00f6zellikle Kutub\u2019un Yoldaki \u0130\u015faretler\u2019indeki cahili toplum tezine ve Mevdudi\u2019nin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kitapyurdu.com\/kitap\/kurana-gore-dort-terim\/1731.html\" title=\"https:\/\/www.kitapyurdu.com\/kitap\/kurana-gore-dort-terim\/1731.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kuran\u2019a G\u00f6re D\u00f6rt Terim<\/a> adl\u0131 eserindeki benzer iddialar\u0131na bir cevap te\u015fkil ediyordu. \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc lideri \u00d6mer Tilmisan\u00ee (1904-1986) ise, g\u00f6revde oldu\u011fu 1972-1986 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, \u015fiddeti y\u00f6ntem olarak kullanan \u0130slamc\u0131 gruplar\u0131n t\u00fcm eylem ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131n k\u0131nad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtti. Hatta <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r_%C4%B0slam_Cihad%C4%B1\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r_%C4%B0slam_Cihad%C4%B1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tanzim\u00fc\u2019l-Cihad<\/a>\u2019\u0131n \u00fcstlendi\u011fi M\u0131s\u0131r devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Enver Sedat\u2019\u0131n (1918-1981) \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle su\u00e7lanan 1981 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki suikast eylemini a\u011f\u0131r bir dille ele\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"1980_Sonrasi_Ihvan\"><strong>1980 Sonras\u0131 \u0130hvan<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6mer Tilmisan\u00ee\u2019nin radikal gruplarla kendileri aras\u0131na mesafe koyma gayreti, M\u0131s\u0131r devletinin \u0130hvan kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki geleneksel duru\u015funda bir yumu\u015fama yaratmad\u0131. Hatta Sedat\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bahane edilerek, asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7 ilgileri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u0130hvan \u00fcyesi tutuklanarak cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Sedat\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm fetvas\u0131na gerek\u00e7e olan \u0130srail ile 1978\u2019de imzalam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131na \u0130hvan da kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sedat\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle iktidara gelen <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H%C3%BCsn%C3%BC_M%C3%BCbarek\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H%C3%BCsn%C3%BC_M%C3%BCbarek\">H\u00fcsn\u00fc M\u00fcbarek<\/a> (1928-2020) bu anla\u015fmaya sad\u0131k kal\u0131nca tabii olarak \u0130hvan ile devlet aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde bir ilerleme kaydedilemedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Devlet \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi her d\u00f6nemde \u00e7e\u015fitli bahanelerle hareketin \u00fczerine gitmekten geri durmad\u0131. \u0130hvan \u00f6zellikle 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z siyasi partisini kurma hedefi 2011 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir. 25 Ocak 2011 devrimine m\u00fcdahil olarak devrimin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir pay\u0131 olan \u0130hvan, yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 y\u0131ld\u0131r elde edemedi\u011fi yasal stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc devrimden sonra geri alarak kendi siyasi partisi olan H\u00fcrriyet ve Adalet Partisi\u2019ni kurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2011-2012 se\u00e7im maratonunda %46 oyla birinci \u00e7\u0131kan bu parti <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammed_Mursi\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammed_Mursi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Muhammed Murs\u00ee\u2019<\/a>yi (1951-2019) cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7tirdi. Ancak Murs\u00ee, savunma bakan\u0131 olarak atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abd%C3%BClfettah_es-Sisi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abd%C3%BClfettah_es-Sisi\">General Abd\u00fclfettah Sis\u00ee<\/a>\u2019nin (d. 1954) 3 Temmuz 2014 g\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 darbeyle g\u00f6revden al\u0131n\u0131p tutukland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Askeri darbeye haftalarca meydanlarda direnen \u0130hvan mensuplar\u0131 ve destek\u00e7ileri, d\u00fczenledikleri bu kitlesel eylemleriyle sonu\u00e7 almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsalar da, asker ve polisin \u00e7ok sert m\u00fcdahalesiyle y\u00fczlerde can kayb\u0131 vererek meydanlardan \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131lar. \u0130hvan ve partisi yeniden yasakland\u0131. Y\u00fczlerce \u0130hvan mensubu \u00fclkede \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla idam ve a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezalar\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Diger_Ulkelerde_Ihvan\"><strong>Di\u011fer \u00dclkelerde \u0130hvan<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Arap \u00e2lemindeki \u0130hvan yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131ndan en \u00f6nemlisi belki de Suriye te\u015fkilat\u0131d\u0131r. Kurucu lider Ezher\u2019de okurken M\u0131s\u0131r \u0130hvan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131yan ve bizzat \u00f6rg\u00fct faaliyetlerine d\u00e2hil olan Dr. Mustafa es-Sib\u00e2\u00ee\u2019dir (1915-1964). Sosyalizmin \u0130slam\u2019a uygun oldu\u011fu tezini i\u015fleyen \u0130\u015ftirakiyyet\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130slam adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 1959\u2019da yay\u0131mlayan Sib\u00e2\u00ee, i\u015fi ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunan bir politik \u00e7izgide siyaset yapm\u0131\u015f, fakat din kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 laik sol \u00e7evrelerin her zaman kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eserleriyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tan\u0131nan \u0130slam \u00e2limi Said Havva el-Humeyyniyye (1935-1989) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda \u0130slam devriminin liderini k\u00fcf\u00fcrle su\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Havva\u2019ya g\u00f6re devrimin \u0130slamili\u011fi tamamen bir aldatmacad\u0131r ve S\u00fcnnili\u011fi \u0130slam \u00e2leminde gerileterek \u015eiili\u011fi ikame etmekten ba\u015fka bir amac\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Arap devrimlerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak 2011\u2019de Suriye\u2019de ba\u015flayan isyan s\u00fcrecinde \u0130hvan liderli\u011fi t\u00fcm\u00fcyle \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve uzun y\u0131llar Suriye\u2019den uzak kalmas\u0131 nedeniyle isyan\u0131n askeri boyutuna \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131da bulunulamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Irak \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu Muhammed Mahmud es-Sevv\u00e2f\u2019t\u0131r (1915-1992). es-Sevv\u00e2f da \u00e2lim ve m\u00fctefekkir bir \u015fahsiyetti. Dava yolda\u015f\u0131 ve yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Sib\u00e2\u00ee\u2019nin aksine Savv\u00e2f, \u0130slam ile sosyalizmin hi\u00e7bir ili\u015fkisinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015frakiyyet\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130slam adl\u0131 eseri bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc desteklemektedir. 1960\u2019taSavv\u00e2f\u2019tan liderli\u011fi devralan ve bu g\u00f6revini \u00fclkeyi terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 1992\u2019ye kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcren f\u0131k\u0131h profes\u00f6r\u00fc <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/zeydan-abdulkerim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/zeydan-abdulkerim\">Abd\u00fclkerim Zeyd\u00e2n<\/a> (1921-2014), ilmi ve fikri \u00fcretimiyle \u0130slam \u00e2leminde itibar kazanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e2limdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dcrd\u00fcn \u0130hvan\u0131, \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn \u0130srail ile kurdu\u011fu yak\u0131n ili\u015fkilere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 antla\u015fmalara sert \u015fekilde ve s\u00fcrekli muhalefet g\u00f6stermesi, boykot ve sokak g\u00f6sterileri d\u00fczenlemesi, ayr\u0131ca \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de yasakl\u0131 olan Hamas \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne destek vermesi nedeniyle \u0130hvan, zaman zaman kanuni takibatlara ve yasalara maruz kalmaktan kurtulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcrd\u00fcn \u0130hvan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f g\u00fcndemini, Filistin sorunu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Filistin \u0130hvan\u0131\u2019nda \u015eeyh Ahmet Yasin Gazze (1937-2004) \u00f6nde gelen liderlerdendir. Birinci Filistin ayaklanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siyonizm\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siyonizm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Siyonist <\/a>i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130slamc\u0131 bir direni\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Hamas, Ahmet Yasin ve alt\u0131 arkada\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bu yap\u0131sal zemin \u00fczerine in\u015fa edildi. Hamas siyasi, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel faaliyetleriyle k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede geni\u015f halk deste\u011fini de arkas\u0131na alan kapsaml\u0131 bir te\u015fkilat haline geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1992\u2019de Hamas\u2019\u0131n askeri kanad\u0131 olarak te\u015fkil edilen <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0zzeddin_el-Kassam_Tugaylar%C4%B1\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0zzeddin_el-Kassam_Tugaylar%C4%B1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0130zzettin Kassam Tugaylar\u0131<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0kinci_%C4%B0ntifada\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0kinci_%C4%B0ntifada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">II. \u0130ndifada<\/a>\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck yararl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterdi. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te s\u0131ras\u0131yla liderleri Ahmed Yasin ile Abd\u00fclaziz Rastisi\u2019yi (1947-2004) \u0130srail\u2019in d\u00fczenledi\u011fi suikastlara kurban verdi. Tugaya ismini veren \u015eeyh \u0130zzettin Kassam, Filistin\u2019deki \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimine ve siyonist yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken \u015fehit olmu\u015f Ezherli bir m\u00fccahitti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0131cak m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemli tecr\u00fcbelere sahip Suriye ve Filistin \u0130hvan\u0131\u2019na pek benzemeyen Sudan \u0130hvan\u0131, siyasi y\u00f6n\u00fc bask\u0131n, belki de bir o kadar problemli siyasalla\u015fma tecr\u00fcbesi olan bir \u0130hvan \u015fubesi olarak dikkat \u00e7eker. 1986\u2019da Dr. Hasan Tur\u00e2b\u00ee\u2019nin (1932-2016) kurdu\u011fu Milli \u0130slam\u00ee Cephe de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131 siyasi sahada temsil etmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sudan \u0130hvan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bundan sonraki tarihi asl\u0131nda yak\u0131n d\u00f6nem \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en me\u015fhur \u015fahsiyetlerinden biri olan Hasan Tur\u00e2b\u00ee\u2019nin hayat hik\u00e2yesidir denebilir. Tur\u00e2b\u00ee ve ekibi anayasan\u0131n \u0130slamile\u015fmesinde ve \u015feriat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli roller \u00fcstlendiler. 1989\u2019da ise General \u00d6mer el-Be\u015fir (d.1944) ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi halindeki Sad\u0131k el-Mehdi\u2019nin (1935-2020) se\u00e7ilmi\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmetini bir askeri darbeyle devirerek h\u00fck\u00fcmeti t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ele ge\u00e7irdiler. Tur\u00e2b\u00ee 1999 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Sudan Millet Meclisi\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yemen \u0130hvan\u0131 Ezher\u2019de tahsil g\u00f6ren Yemenli \u00f6\u011frenciler taraf\u0131ndan 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda kuruldu. K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerinde \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctleni\u015fi daha ge\u00e7 tarihlere rastlar. Suudi Arabistan 1970\u2019lerde, Katar ise 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u0130hvan m\u00fcltecilerinin s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkeler oldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Benn\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencilerinden me\u015fhur M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 \u00e2lim <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yusuf_el-Karadavi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yusuf_el-Karadavi\">Yusuf el-Kard\u00e2v\u00ee<\/a> (d.1926), \u00fclkesini 1961\u2019de terk ettikten sonra uzun y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 Katar\u2019da ge\u00e7irdi. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a ancak 2011 devrimiyle d\u00f6nebildi. \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131n aday\u0131 olarak devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilen Murs\u00ee\u2019nin bir askeri darbeyle devrilmesinden sonra \u0130hvan \u00fclkede yasaklan\u0131nca tekrar M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r h\u00fck\u00fcmeti g\u0131yab\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 yakalama karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suudi Arabistan ise 1970\u2019lerden sonra hem M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan hem de Suriye ve Irak\u2019tan muhacir olmu\u015f \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131n ileri gelen bir\u00e7ok mensubuna ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ebu-gudde-abdulfettah\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ebu-gudde-abdulfettah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Abd\u00fclfettah Ebu Gudde<\/a> (1917-1997) ile Seyyid Kutub\u2019un karde\u015fi Muhammed Kutub (1919-2014) bunlar aras\u0131nda en me\u015fhurlar\u0131d\u0131r. Suudi \u00fclkenin \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131kla tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bu yolla olmu\u015f, \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131n siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri baz\u0131 prensler ve Vehhabi \u00e2limler d\u00e2hil \u00f6nemli bir kesim \u00fczerinde ciddi tesir b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eeriat\u0131n bir devlet hukuku olarak hayata ge\u00e7irilmesinde bu kesimin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ger\u00e7ekten dikkate de\u011fer. Ayr\u0131ca kendilerine Sahve ulemas\u0131 (uyan\u0131\u015f \u00e2limleri) denilen \u0130hvan e\u011filimli Selefi \u00e2limlerden farkl\u0131la\u015farak yer yer Suudi rejimi de politikas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ele\u015ftiren bir ideolojik \u0130slamc\u0131 duru\u015fun temsilcileri oldular. Cihadi Selefi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin temellerinin at\u0131lmas\u0131nda sahve \u00e2limlerinin rol\u00fc yads\u0131namaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir dini \u0131slah ve davet olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde demokratik bir \u0130slami devlet sistemini savunan \u0130hvan, monar\u015fik K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerinin asla kabul edemeyece\u011fi bir siyaset ideali ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130hvan yanl\u0131s\u0131 siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7lerin iktidar\u0131 serbest bi\u00e7imde devralmaya ba\u015flamalar\u0131, bu krall\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan varl\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7ilmi\u015f devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Murs\u00ee\u2019nin devrili\u015finde darbecilere en b\u00fcy\u00fck destek Suudi Arabistan ve Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri\u2019nden gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kuzey Afrika \u00fclkelerine \u0130hvan fikriyat\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ya\u015fayan \u0130slamc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00fclkelerindeki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fleriyle ve haklar\u0131ndaki kanuni tabiatlar nedeniyle bu \u00fclkelere hicret eden M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriyeli \u0130hvan mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Libya\u2019da 1940\u2019lar\u0131n sonunda ba\u015flayan \u0130hvan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi 2011 devrimine kadar yeralt\u0131nda kalmak zorunda kad\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok \u0130hvan mensubu uzun y\u0131llar hapis yatmak zorunda kald\u0131. Te\u015fkilat 2012\u2019de Adalet ve \u0130n\u015fa Partisi\u2019ni kurarak siyasi m\u00fccadeleye girdi. Beklentilerin \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tunus\u2019ta \u0130hvan fikriyat\u0131, felsefe m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131 akademisyen <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ra%C5%9Fid_Gannu%C5%9Fi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ra%C5%9Fid_Gannu%C5%9Fi\">Ra\u015fid el-\u011eann\u00fb\u015f\u00ee<\/a> (d.1941) ile hukuk\u00e7u Abd\u00fclfettah M\u00fbr\u00fbr\u2019un1973\u2019te kurdu\u011fu Cemaat\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130slamiyye ile temsil edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Parti yasaklan\u0131nca \u011eann\u00fb\u015f\u00ee ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 1989\u2019dan itibaren Nehd\u00e2 (Uyan\u0131\u015f) hareketiyle yollar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirdiler. Lider kadrosu 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r cezaevi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 tecr\u00fcbe etti, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00fclkelerini terk etti. \u011eann\u00fb\u015f\u00ee 22 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hayat\u0131ndan sonra 2011\u2019de \u00fclkesine d\u00f6nebildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yasal stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden kazanan Nehd\u00e2, bug\u00fcn Tunus\u2019ta \u00f6zellikle laik ve liberal partiler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00fczde 50\u2019lik bir oy potansiyeline sahip g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir alternatif politik olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Kendisini bir \u0130hvan \u00fcyesi olarak hi\u00e7bir zaman g\u00f6stermeyen \u011eann\u00fb\u015f\u00ee, \u00e7o\u011fulcu \u0130slami demokrasi, kamu hukuk ve h\u00fcrriyetleri, e\u015fit vatanda\u015fl\u0131k, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun iktidar\u0131 gibi kavramlar \u00fczerindeki yorumlar\u0131yla \u0130hvan fikriyat\u0131na hayli \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ve liberal bir ufuk a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Cemaat-i_Islami\"><strong>Cemaat-i \u0130slam\u00ee<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1963\" width=\"375\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-6.jpg 847w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-6-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-6-768x510.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130ngiliz Hindistan\u0131\u2019nda \u0130slami uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatmak isteyen Ebu\u2019l-A\u2019l\u00e2 Mevdudi taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. Mevdudi \u00fclkesinde daha \u00e7ok bir gazeteci ve siyaset\u00e7i olarak tan\u0131n\u0131r. Mevdudi, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge sonras\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kta hangi yolun izlenece\u011fi hu\u015funda b\u00f6l\u00fcnmemi\u015f bir Hindistan projesi savunan Diyobendiyye ulemas\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fteydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Onun bu kanaatinin arkas\u0131nda milliyet\u00e7i duygulardan daha \u00e7ok birle\u015fik \u00fcmmet ideali yatmaktayd\u0131. Ancak bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015f, geli\u015fen olaylar 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukta oldu\u011fu Pakistan devletini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pakistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda kalan Lahor\u2019da Cemaat-i \u0130slami\u2019yi kuran Mevdudi ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bundan sonraki hedefleri, bu yeni \u00fclkede \u0130slam \u00e2lemine ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya \u00f6rnek olacak bir \u0130slam devleti kurmak olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pakistan anayasas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu yap\u0131s\u0131 Cemaat-i \u0130slami\u2019nin bir siyasi parti olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermesine imk\u00e2n vermekteydi. Bu yeni s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Hz. Peygamber\u2019in son nebi olu\u015fu hususunda ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahip <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kadiyanilik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kadiyanilik\">Kad\u0131yaniyye<\/a>\/Ahmediyye mezhebine kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kampanya ba\u015flatmas\u0131 nedeniyle b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla yarg\u0131lanan Mevdudi, \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ama sonradan beraat etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hayat\u0131nda selefi bir itikat ve f\u0131kh\u0131 benimsemi\u015f ancak bu y\u00f6nelim \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn son y\u0131llar\u0131na rastgelen \u0130ran \u0130slam devriminin \u015eii liderlerine destek vermek hususunda Mevdudi\u2019ye bir m\u00e2ni te\u015fkil etmemi\u015ftir. \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcmmet\u00e7i idealleri mezhebi tercihlerin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mevdudi\u2019nin hacmi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck fakat tesiri b\u00fcy\u00fck olan eseri \u201cKur\u2019an\u2019a G\u00f6re D\u00f6rt Terim\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde, \u015fehadetin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u015fahsiyet \u00fczerindeki s\u00f6z konusu tesiri \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde irdelenir. Bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ilah, rab, ibadet ve din kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 hakiki manalar\u0131yla bilip idrak etti\u011fi i\u00e7in kelime-i tevhidini tekrarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok ilahlar t\u00fcretir. \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki bu \u015fah\u0131s Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fkas\u0131na dua etmez. O\u2019ndan ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 ilah ve rab olarak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaz. Lakin bunu dili ile yapar. Bunun yan\u0131nda bu iki kelimenin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 manalarda bir\u00e7ok ilahlar, \u00e7e\u015fitli rabler edinir de haberi olmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kutub\u2019un Cahiliyye toplumu fikri ile Mevdudi\u2019nin bu tezi daha sonra baz\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gruplar taraf\u0131ndan umumi tekfircili\u011fin bir gerek\u00e7esi olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130hvan-\u0131 M\u00fcslim\u00een\u2019in Benn\u00e2\u2019dan sonraki lideri Hudayb\u00ee\u2019nin kitab\u0131na ba\u015fl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cdavet\u00e7iyiz, yarg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011filiz\u201d vurgusu, insanlar\u0131n iman\u0131n\u0131 sorgulayan ve onlar\u0131 m\u00fc\u2019min, m\u00fcnaf\u0131k, kafir kategorilerinde muhatap alan s\u00f6z konusu radikal hareket metodunu Benn\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019a davet y\u00f6ntemini referans alarak tenkit eden bir muhtevaya sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin \u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde s\u00fcrmesi, Mevdudi\u2019nin mesele etti\u011fi konular\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerindendir. Bu gidi\u015fat\u0131 cihat ederek durduracak \u00f6nc\u00fc \u0130slam toplumunun olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00f6ncelikle Kur\u2019an\u2019a G\u00f6re D\u00f6rt Terim\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle akidevi bir netlik gerekir. Daha sonra ki\u015fi t\u00fcm ibadet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle \u0130slamiyet\u2019i hayat\u0131n\u0131n her safhas\u0131nda tatbik etmelidir. Allah\u2019\u0131n ilahl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/uluhiyet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Uluhiyet\">ul\u00fbhiyet<\/a>), O\u2019nun sadece yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile veya ibadette tek merci olmas\u0131 ile alakal\u0131 bir s\u0131fat de\u011fildir. O koydu\u011fu \u015feriat\u0131n d\u00fcnyada h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmesini (h\u00e2kimiyet) de istemektedir. Tevhidin de ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan bu husus, ancak \u0130slami bir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulmas\u0131yla tahakkuk eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00f6yle bir devletin \u0130slam tarihindeki saltanat tecr\u00fcbesiyle bir ilgisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu hususta Mevdudi, demokrasi, anayasal d\u00fczen, ekonomik sistem gibi modern bat\u0131l\u0131 de\u011ferleri \u0130slam\u2019a uyarlayarak bir devlet, hukuk ve ekonomi projesi ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bat\u0131c\u0131 ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/pozitivizm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/pozitivizm\">pozitivist <\/a>nesillerin yeti\u015fmesinin m\u00fcsebbibi olan modern sek\u00fcler e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirirken, yeniliklere kapal\u0131 taklit\u00e7i geleneksel medrese sistemini de ele\u015ftirmi\u015f, i\u00e7tihat kurumunun yol g\u00f6stericili\u011finde yenilik\u00e7i bir e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sisteminin geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ona g\u00f6re yenilik\u00e7i olmak bir \u0131slah ve tecdid gayretinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir ve bu asla tahrif boyutuna getirilmemelidir. Mevdud\u00ee, Kur\u2019an merkezli bir tecdid anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 savunurken Hz. Peygamber\u2019in (as) dindeki \u00f6zel yeri ve konumuna zarar verecek tav\u0131r i\u00e7ine giren modernist kesimlere de s\u00fcnnetin k\u00e2mil ve kusursuz bir \u0130slamla\u015fma \u00f6rne\u011fi oldu\u011funu ifade ederek kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezhepler \u00fcst\u00fc duru\u015fu, sahabilerin \u00f6zellikle siyasi konularda baz\u0131 hatalar yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feklindeki kanaati, baz\u0131 me\u015fhur sufilere y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirileri tenkit konusu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, gelenek\u00e7i \u00e7evrede dinde fitne \u00e7\u0131karmakla, kendine mahsus bir mezhep \u00e7\u0131karmakla su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tebli\u011f Cemaati\u2019nin kurucular\u0131ndan Muhammed Zekeriyya Kandehlev\u00ee\u2019nin (1898-1982)Mevdud\u00eeyye Fitnesi adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 ona y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan bir tanesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Hizbut-Tahrir\"><strong>Hizb\u00fc\u2019t-Tahrir<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-8.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1964\" width=\"396\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-8.jpg 634w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-8-300x189.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130slam Kurtulu\u015f Partisi anlam\u0131ndaki <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hizb_ut-Tahrir\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hizb_ut-Tahrir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hizbu\u2019t-Tahriri\u2019l-\u0130slami <\/a>kendisini \u201c\u0130deolojisi \u0130slam olan siyasi bir parti\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. Parti 1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda o s\u0131rada \u00dcrd\u00fcn idaresinde olan Kud\u00fcs\u2019te kuruldu. Kurucu lideri Muhammed Tak\u0131yy\u00fcddin en-Nebhani\u2019dir (1914-1977).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130slamc\u0131 hedefleri itibariyle \u0130hvan-\u0131 M\u00fcslim\u2019e \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olan Nebhani, \u0130hvan\u2019\u0131n siyasi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 bir Cemaat olarak y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi tercih edip partile\u015fmeye gitmemesi nedeniyle Hizbu\u2019t-Tahrir\u2019i kurmaya karar vermi\u015ftir. Partinin resmi ba\u015fvurusu yap\u0131larak izin al\u0131nmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 1954\u2019te yasaklanm\u0131\u015f, Nebhani \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fc terk etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f, gitti\u011fi L\u00fcbnan\u2019da vefat\u0131na kadar s\u0131k\u0131 denetim alt\u0131nda tutulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hizbu\u2019t-Tahrir\u2019in ana hedefi, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde t\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ku\u015fatan ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n \u015fer\u2019i h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin tatbik edildi\u011fi bir hilafet devleti kurmakt\u0131r. Hizb\u2019e g\u00f6re, ba\u015fta \u0130hvan olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer \u0130slam\u00ee cemaatlerin metotlar\u0131 ve hedefleri net de\u011fildir. Allah m\u00fc\u2019minlere peygamberin yolunu izlemeyi emretmi\u015ftir. Hizb bu ba\u011flamda izlenilmesi gereken yolu \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famada a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Birinci a\u015famada bire bir devlet yoluyla te\u015fkilat kadrosunu olu\u015fturacak bireylere ula\u015f\u0131larak bu ki\u015filer \u00fczerinde yo\u011fun bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrlendirme faaliyeti yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu a\u015fama Hz. Peygamber\u2019in <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/darulerkam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/darulerkam\">Daru\u2019l-Erkam<\/a>\u2019da ilk sahabeleri e\u011fitmesine benzetilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130kinci a\u015fama, yeti\u015fmi\u015f kadronun inisiyatifinde Hizb\u2019in davas\u0131n\u0131 insanlara a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a sunma, fikirleri kitlelere a\u00e7\u0131klama, kamuoyu olu\u015fturma ve \u00fcmmetle kayna\u015fma safhas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu a\u015famada y\u00f6neticilerle \u00e7eki\u015fmek, idareyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmak nebevi s\u00fcnnetin bir gere\u011fidir. Hz. Peygamber\u2019in tecr\u00fcbe etti\u011fi bu zor d\u00f6nemde, onun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi halktan yard\u0131m ve himaye istenerek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sab\u0131rla g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler a\u015f\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu m\u00fccadele ve m\u00fccahedenin ard\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015famada y\u00f6netim devral\u0131n\u0131r, \u0130slami devlet tesis edilir, halife se\u00e7ilir, \u015fer\u2019i h\u00fck\u00fcmler hayata ge\u00e7irilir, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n evrensel mesaj\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya ilan edilir. Tabii olarak d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki k\u00fcf\u00fcr bloklar\u0131 bu adalet davetine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kacaklard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cmedeniyetler \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak vukuu bulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Milletler\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Milletler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO\">NATO <\/a>gibi gayrim\u00fcslimlerin denetimindeki uluslararas\u0131 paktlara \u00fcye olmaya cevaz vermeyi\u015fi nedeniyle Hizbu\u2019t-Tahrir, kendilerini \u0130slam devleti olarak sunan Suudi Arabistan, \u0130ran, Pakistan, Sudan gibi devletlerin bu iddialar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle reddetmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hizb\u2019e g\u00f6re e\u011fer \u0130slami bir te\u015fkilat faaliyete ge\u00e7erse, \u201cBu cemai \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n siyasi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olmas\u0131 gerekir ve siyasi olamamas\u0131 caiz de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hilafet\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hilafet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hilafeti <\/a>ikame etmek siyasi bir i\u015f olup ancak siyasi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n olmas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Ancak Hizb, Dar\u00fc\u2019l \u0130slam-dar\u00fc\u2019l K\u00fcf\u00fcr ayr\u0131m\u0131na ilkesel bir \u00f6nem atfetti\u011fi i\u00e7in, \u015fer\u2019i olamayan bir sistemin koydu\u011fu kurallar i\u00e7erisinde resmi yoldan partile\u015ferek veya bu sistemin yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 talep ederek \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 iktidara getirmenin kesinlikle do\u011fru bir metot olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatini ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Hizbullah\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hizbullah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hizbullah\">Hizbullah<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1965\" width=\"382\" height=\"211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-9.jpg 665w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-9-300x166.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>1979 \u0130ran Devrimi \u015eia medresesi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir hareket olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, beslendi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce damarlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde siyasal \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa uzanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00fcbnan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n oransal olarak yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden \u015eii n\u00fcfusun yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcney L\u00fcbnan Hizbullah\u2019\u0131n do\u011fum yeri ve kalesi olarak bilinir. G\u00fcney L\u00fcbnan\u2019da do\u011fan Hizbullah, ilk hedefini \u0130srail i\u015fgalini sona erdirmek olarak belirlemi\u015f, bu i\u015fgalin resmen ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1982\u2019den resmen sona erdi\u011fi 2000\u2019e kadar 18 y\u0131l boyunca \u0130srail\u2019le fiili m\u00fccadele eden en etkili L\u00fcbnanl\u0131 grup olarak belirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hizbullah\u2019\u0131n \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki direni\u015fini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren nedenlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda, d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u00f6nemli suikastlar, esir elde etti\u011fi etkili operasyonlar ve en \u00f6nemlisi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyada ilk defa kendisinin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 intihar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Siyasi \u015fartlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle 1985 sonras\u0131nda intihar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 terk eden Hizbullah\u2019taki bu tutum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohammad_Hussein_Fadlallah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohammad_Hussein_Fadlallah\">Fadlall\u00e2h <\/a>(1935-2010) taraf\u0131ndan bu sefer \u015fu \u015fekilde izah edildi: \u201c\u0130ntihar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi, sadece ve sadece e\u011fer bir insan\u0131 kendi v\u00fccudu \u00fczerinde tahrip g\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00fcksek bir bomba haline getirmeye sevk eden siyasi ve askeri de\u011fi\u015fimler meydana getirilebildi\u011fi taktirde uygulanabilece\u011fi inanc\u0131nday\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00fcbnanl\u0131 \u015eii gruplar\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sava\u015f bi\u00e7imi, daha sonra k\u00fcresel cihat fikrine sahip S\u00fcnni-Selefi gruplar taraf\u0131ndan yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hizbullah\u2019\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019daki durumu \u201cdevlet i\u00e7inde devlet\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ranc\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fctt\u00fcr. Adalet ve m\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fck birimleriyle, her seviyede e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131yla, sendikalar\u0131yla, bankac\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleriyle, d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkiler ofisiyle, insani yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekten L\u00fcbnan devletine paralel bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda L\u00fcbnan\u2019a giren \u0130srail ordusunu \u015fiddetli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarla \u00e7ekilmeye mecbur etmesi, Hizbullah\u2019\u0131 \u00e7ok pop\u00fcler hale getiren bir zaferdi. \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki beceri dolu fedak\u00e2r direni\u015fi sadece \u015eiilerin de\u011fil S\u00fcnnilerin, hatta L\u00fcbnan vatanda\u015f\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/ana-hatlariyla-hristiyanlik\/\" title=\"Ana Hatlar\u0131yla Hristiyanl\u0131k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hristiyan <\/a>ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/durzilik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/durzilik\">D\u00fcrzilerin<\/a> de yayg\u0131n deste\u011fini kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015flayan Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ran siyasetinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmek suretiyle <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baas_Partisi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baas_Partisi\">Baas Rejimi<\/a> yan\u0131nda sava\u015fa m\u00fcdahil olmas\u0131, Hizbullah\u2019\u0131n \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n genelinde sahip oldu\u011fu tevecc\u00fch ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe indirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Te\u015fkilat Suriye\u2019deki muhalif S\u00fcnni \u00f6rg\u00fctler taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015fman olarak ilan edildi. Bug\u00fcn Hizbullah, ba\u015fta ABD olmak \u00fczere Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin bir\u00e7o\u011fu ve K\u00f6rfez\u2019deki monar\u015fik Arap rejimleri taraf\u0131ndan ter\u00f6rist bir \u00f6rg\u00fct olarak tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler ise \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn sadece askeri kanad\u0131n\u0131 ter\u00f6r listesine almakta, siyasi kanad\u0131n\u0131 ise me\u015fru bir yap\u0131lanma olarak kabul etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Ensarullah\"><strong>Ens\u00e2rullah<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1966\" width=\"361\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-10.jpg 660w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Islahatcilik-10-300x182.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 361px) 100vw, 361px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Yemen\u2019de bulunan ve mezhebi k\u00f6keni \u015eia\u2019ya uzanan bir \u00f6rg\u00fctt\u00fcr. <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/zeydiyye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/zeydiyye\">Zeydiyye <\/a>mezhebine mensup bir tabana dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hz. Ebubekir ile Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in y\u00f6netimini me\u015fru saymalar\u0131, Zeydileri di\u011fer \u015eiilerden ay\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli husustur. Onlara g\u00f6re Hz. Fat\u0131ma-Hz. Ali neslinden olmak \u015fart\u0131yla, ilim takva ve cesaret sahibi bir lider silah\u0131na sar\u0131larak k\u00fcf\u00fcr ve zulme ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131rsa, yani hur\u00fbc ederse, o ki\u015fi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n imam\u0131 olmaya hak kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu imam\u0131n, \u015eia-\u0130sn\u00e2\u015feriyye\u2019nin \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi vehb\u00ee (bah\u015fedilen) bir ilimle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcnahlardan korunmu\u015f (masum) olmas\u0131 gerekmez ve bir mehdi beklentisine girilmez. S\u00f6z konusu inan\u00e7lar\u0131yla Zeydiyye, tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde \u015eii k\u00f6klerinin mevcudiyetine ra\u011fmen S\u00fcnni kesimlerle iyi ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirmekte zorlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Genellikle Ens\u00e2rullah\u2019\u0131n temeli, bir grup Zeyd\u00eeaktivistin 1990\u2019da kurduklar\u0131 Hak Partisi\u2019ne dayan\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sorunu, mezhebi ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, sosyal ve ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131yarak siyasi arenada hak aramak ve taleplerde bulunmak, bu partinin ana hedefleriydi. Hizb\u00fc\u2019l-Hak siyasi sahada bekledi\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6steremedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in yaz\u0131 tavsiyesi: &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/modernizm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Modernizm\">Modernizm<\/a>&#8220;<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Kaynaklar\"><strong style=\"color: initial;\">Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>TDV \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k Maddesi.<br><\/em><em>Wikipedia, Siyasal \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k Maddesi.<br><\/em><em>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u0130slami Ak\u0131mlar, Mehmet Ali B\u00fcy\u00fckkara, Klasik Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2017.<br><\/em><em>Do\u011fu\u015fundan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Seyri: Bir S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma Denemesi, Masum Aytepe, Mu\u015f Alparslan \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4\/1, 2016.<br><\/em><em>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u0130slam D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri, ed. Cafer Karada\u015f, Ensar Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2015.<\/em><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Islahat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[495,492,494,493],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1968,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39\/revisions\/1968"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}