{"id":4009,"date":"2020-09-12T10:41:40","date_gmt":"2020-09-12T07:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=4009"},"modified":"2022-09-29T23:02:54","modified_gmt":"2022-09-29T20:02:54","slug":"ahkamul-kuran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/ahkamul-kuran\/","title":{"rendered":"Ahk\u00e2mu\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Ebubekir Ahmed b. Ali el-Cess\u00e2s (370\/980)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Y\u00fcce Rabbimizin bizlere indirdi\u011fi son ilahi kitap Kuran-\u0131 Kerim\u2019in tahrif ve ta\u011fyire u\u011framadan sonraki nesillere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131nda hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p murad-\u0131 ilahiyeye g\u00f6re tefsir edilmesinin de \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131r. Bu sebeple tarih boyunca Kuran-\u0131 Kerim\u2019in do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f ve bu u\u011furda azami \u00e7aba sarfedilmi\u015ftir. Kuran\u2019\u0131 beyan (Nahl: 44) ve talim (\u00c2l-i \u0130mran: 164) vasf\u0131na sahip olan Peygamber Efendimiz (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem)\u2019le ba\u015flayan tefsir faaliyetleri, Peygamber Efendimizden sonra gelen sahabe ve tabiin nesliyle artarak devam etmi\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcregelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kuran \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan tefsir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 temelde rivayet ve dirayet metodu olarak iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Rivayet tefsirleri genelde, ayetlerin tefsiri hakk\u0131nda ba\u015fta Peygamber Efendimiz olmak \u00fczere sahabe ve tabiinden yap\u0131lan rivayetlere yer veren nakil a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 tefsirlerdir. Dirayet tefsirleri ise, naklin yay\u0131nda akla ve tecr\u00fcbeye dayal\u0131 ilimlere de yer veren tefsirlerdir. Dirayet tefsirlerinin l\u00fcgavi, edebi, ictimai, kelami, tasavvufi, f\u0131khi vb. \u00e7e\u015fitleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kuran-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i f\u0131khi y\u00f6nden inceleyen tefsirler \u201cAhkamu\u2019l-Kuran\u201d ad\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131r. Kuran\u2019da yer alan 500 kadar ahkam ayetinin incelendi\u011fi bu tefsirlerin meal \u00fczerinden h\u00fck\u00fcm vermenin yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6nemi bir kat daha artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira Kuran\u2019da yer alan h\u00fck\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda mensuh (h\u00fckm\u00fc kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f) olanlar mevcut oldu\u011fu gibi manas\u0131 kapal\u0131 olup a\u00e7\u0131klanmaya muhta\u00e7 olan (m\u00fccmel, m\u00fc\u015fterek), umum geldi\u011fi halde tahsis edilen bir\u00e7ok h\u00fck\u00fcm mevcuttur. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin tam ve do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ise \u00f6ncelikle Peygamber Efendimizin, sonra sahabe ve tabiinin devam\u0131nda m\u00fc\u00e7tehit imamlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. Konuyla ilgili di\u011fer ayet ve hadisleri, sahabe ve tabiin akvalini ve m\u00fc\u00e7tehit imamlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini incelemeden sadece ayetin zahirine bak\u0131p h\u00fck\u00fcm vermek asla do\u011fru olmayan ve \u015fiddetle sak\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir durumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ahkam tefsirlerinde iki farkl\u0131 metot takip edilir: Bunlardan biri ayetlerin, f\u0131k\u0131h kitaplar\u0131nda yer alan s\u0131raya g\u00f6re, di\u011feri ise Kuran\u2019da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131raya g\u00f6re tefsir edilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kuran-\u0131 Kerimi f\u0131khi y\u00f6nden inceleyen ilk tefsirlerinden birisi de Hanefi mezhebi fakihlerinden Ebubekir Ahmed b. Ali el-Cessas\u2019a (370\/980) ait olan \u201cAhkamu\u2019l-Kuran\u201d isimli eserdir. Eserde yukar\u0131da zikretti\u011fimiz metotlardan ikincisi kullan\u0131l\u0131p sureler Kuran\u2019daki s\u0131ralar\u0131na g\u00f6re ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn bir surenin de\u011fil, sadece i\u00e7inde bulunan ahkam ayetlerinin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sureler, ayetlerin ilgili oldu\u011fu konu ve muhtevaya g\u00f6re, f\u0131k\u0131h kitaplar\u0131ndaki gibi \u201cbab\u201d vb. ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcellif ahkam ayetlerini tefsir ederken usul ve f\u00fcru meselelerine, bunlarla ilgili sahabe ve tabi\u00een g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine, mezhep ihtilaflar\u0131na, taraflar\u0131n delillerine geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yer vermekte, sonunda Hanefi mezhebinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini nakli veakli delillerle savunmaktad\u0131r. Ayetler tefsir edilirken ayr\u0131ca n\u00fczul sebepleri a\u00e7\u0131klanmakta, nasih ve mensuhlar belirtilmektedir. Mezhep ihtilaflar\u0131na da yer veren eser bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle mezhepler aras\u0131 mukayeseli bir hukuk kitab\u0131 mahiyetindedir. (D.\u0130.A. Ahkamu\u2019l-Kuran, 1988, I, 553) M\u00fcellifin mezhep ihtilaflar\u0131n\u0131 genellikle ihtisar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tahavi\u2019nin (321\/933) \u201c\u0130htil\u00e2fu\u2019l-Ulem\u00e2\u201d isimli eserden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca meseleler ele al\u0131n\u0131rken kullan\u0131lan \u00fcslubun kendisinden \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan fakat bug\u00fcn elimizde eksik olarak bulunan ve f\u0131k\u0131h baplar\u0131na g\u00f6re telif edilen Tahavi\u2019ye ait \u201cAhkamu\u2019l-Kuran\u201da g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha usuli ve f\u0131khi terimlerle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eserin bir\u00e7ok k\u00fct\u00fcphanede yazma n\u00fcshalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130lk defa Kilisli Rifat ve Karahisar mebusu K\u00e2mil Efendi taraf\u0131ndan, \u0130stanbul k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerindeki yazma n\u00fcshalar\u0131 esas al\u0131narak \u00fc\u00e7 cilt halinde yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f (\u0130stanbul 1335-1338), ayr\u0131ca 1347 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kahire\u2019de bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserin Muhammed S\u00e2d\u0131k Kamhav\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan tenkitli bir ne\u015fri de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Kahire, ts , I-V). (D.\u0130.A. Ahkamu\u2019l-Kuran, 1988, I, 553) Fakat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunda bu ne\u015frin, daha \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131lan ne\u015frin -baz\u0131 matbaa hatalar\u0131 d\u00fczeltilerek ve imla kurallar\u0131na dikkat edilerek- yeni bir dizgisi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu ne\u015frin 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda Daru \u0130hyai\u2019t-turasi\u2019l-arab\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan t\u0131pk\u0131 bas\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eser Abd\u00fcsselam Muhammed Ali \u015eahin\u2019in tahkikiyle 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda Daru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye taraf\u0131ndan 3 cilt olarak da bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserin Daru\u2019l-fikr\u2019den \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir di\u011fer 3 ciltlik bask\u0131s\u0131 da mevcuttur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ebubekir Ahmed b. Ali el-Cess\u00e2s (370\/980) Y\u00fcce Rabbimizin bizlere indirdi\u011fi son ilahi kitap Kuran-\u0131 Kerim\u2019in tahrif ve ta\u011fyire u\u011framadan sonraki nesillere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131nda hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p murad-\u0131 ilahiyeye g\u00f6re tefsir edilmesinin de \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131r. Bu sebeple tarih boyunca Kuran-\u0131 Kerim\u2019in do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f ve bu u\u011furda azami \u00e7aba sarfedilmi\u015ftir. Kuran\u2019\u0131 beyan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[964],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4009"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4009"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4009\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4871,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4009\/revisions\/4871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4009"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4009"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4009"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}