{"id":4021,"date":"2020-09-12T10:46:02","date_gmt":"2020-09-12T07:46:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/?p=4021"},"modified":"2022-09-29T22:55:51","modified_gmt":"2022-09-29T19:55:51","slug":"eski-turk-edebiyatinda-belagat-ve-edebiyat-nazariyesi-calismalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/eski-turk-edebiyatinda-belagat-ve-edebiyat-nazariyesi-calismalari\/","title":{"rendered":"Eski T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131nda Bela\u011fat ve Edebiyat Nazariyesi \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Giris\">Giri\u015f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kitabu_Camii_Envail_Edebil-Farisi\">Kit\u00e2b\u00fc C\u00e2mii Env\u00e2i\u2019l Edebi\u2019l-F\u00e2ris\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Bahrul-Maarif\">Bahr\u00fc\u2019l-Maarif<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Istilahatus-Siriyye\">Ist\u0131lahat\u00fc\u2019\u015f-\u015e\u2019iriyye<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#TANZIMAT_DONEMINDEKI_CALISMALAR\">TANZ\u0130MAT D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDEK\u0130 \u00c7ALI\u015eMALAR<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Miftahul-Belaga_ve_Misbahul-Fesaha\">Mift\u00e2hu\u2019l-Bel\u00e2ga ve M\u0131sb\u00e2hu\u2019l-Fes\u00e2ha<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Mugnil-Kuttab\">Mugni\u2019l-K\u00fctt\u00e2b<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Miyarul-Kelam\">Mi\u2019y\u00e2ru\u2019l-Kel\u00e2m<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Fenn-i_Bedi\">Fenn-i Bed\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Teshilul-Aruz_vel-Kavafi_vel-Bedayi\">Tesh\u00eel\u00fc\u2019l-Ar\u00fbz ve\u2019l-Kav\u00e2f\u00ee ve\u2019l-Bed\u00e2y\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Mebanil-Insa\">Meb\u00e2ni\u2019l-\u0130n\u015f\u00e2<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Aruz-i_Turki\">Ar\u00fbz-\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Belagat-i_Lisan-i_Osmani\">Bel\u00e2gat-\u0131 Lis\u00e2n-\u0131 Osm\u00e2n\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Zubdetul-Beyan\">Z\u00fcbdet\u00fc\u2019l-Bey\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Belagat-i_Osmaniyye\">Bel\u00e2gat-\u0131 Osm\u00e2niyye<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Hadikatul-Beyan\">Had\u00eekat\u00fc\u2019l-Bey\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Serh-i_Belagat\">\u015eerh-i Bel\u00e2gat<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Talim-i_Edebiyyat\">Ta\u2019l\u00eem-i Edebiyy\u00e2t<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Giris\">Giri\u015f<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Orhun Abideleri ile tarihte ilk kez g\u00f6r\u00fcnen T\u00fcrk\u00e7emiz, ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar, de\u011fi\u015fen sosyal yap\u0131lar\u0131n etkisiyle \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Do\u011fal olarak edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z da tarih\u00ee ve sosyolojik de\u011fi\u015fmelerden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ahmet Hamdi Tanp\u0131nar 19. As\u0131r T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131 Tarihi isimli kitab\u0131nda Orhon Abideleri hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir: \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7e tarihe Orhon Abideleri gibi hakikaten olgun bir nesir eseriyle girmi\u015fti. Daha o devirde bile her \u015feyden evvel bir nesir dili gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Toplay\u0131c\u0131 nahvi vuzuhun ta kendisidir.\u201d (Tanp\u0131nar, 2003: 32.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019ten evvelki T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131yla ilgili bilgilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Divan\u00fc L\u00fbgati\u2019t-T\u00fcrk\u2019te g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Prof. Dr. Ali Nihad Tarlan \u0130slamiyet\u2019ten \u00f6nceki edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n lirik, didaktik, pastoral, epik unsurlar ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, dilin de sade ve tekell\u00fcfs\u00fcz oldu\u011funu \u201cSanat Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n D\u00e2hil\u00ee Tek\u00e2m\u00fcl\u00fc\u201d isimli makalesinde anlat\u0131r. Divan\u00fc L\u00fbgati\u2019t-T\u00fcrk\u2019te bu d\u00f6neme ait baz\u0131 edeb\u00ee bilgileri bulabilece\u011fimizi s\u00f6yler. (Ali Nihad Tarlan, (1990): Ali Nihad Tarlan\u2019\u0131n Makalelerinden Se\u00e7meler, A.K.D.T, Ankara: s.58)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkler \u0130sl\u00e2m dinine girdikten sonra edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z da Arap ve Fars edebiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n kuvvetli tesirleri alt\u0131nda \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flar. Klasik edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zdaki \u015fairlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc medrese ve Enderun\u2019da \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Medreselerde Arap\u00e7an\u0131n ilim dilinde esas kabul edilmesi dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile Arap\u00e7a bel\u00e2gat kitaplar\u0131 as\u0131llar\u0131ndan okutulmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en kuvvetli, en uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u00f6nemleri ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bilgi ve teorilerini i\u015fleyen bir nazariyat kitab\u0131na rastlayam\u0131yoruz. Bunun nedeni \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limlerinin Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019i anlamak amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 bel\u00e2gat kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llarca Osmanl\u0131 medreselerinde ders kitab\u0131 olarak okutulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Akkoyunlular zaman\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u015eeyh Ahmed el-Bardah\u00ee\u2019nin 1502 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fars\u00e7a-T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde baz\u0131 edebiyat terimleri a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. Bu kitaptan itibaren 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f edebiyat bilgileri veren kitaplar\u0131 Kaz\u0131m Yeti\u015f\u2019in Bel\u00e2gattan Retori\u011fe isimli kitab\u0131nda saptad\u0131k. Bu kitaplar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar yap\u0131lan bel\u00e2gat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bize bilgi verecek, bu d\u00f6nemdeki bel\u00e2gat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l oldu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirmemizi sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eimdi 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar edebiyat bilgileri veren kitaplar\u0131 biraz yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131yal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Kitabu_Camii_Envail_Edebil-Farisi\"><strong>Kit\u00e2b\u00fc C\u00e2mii Env\u00e2i\u2019l Edebi\u2019l-F\u00e2ris\u00ee<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eeyh Ahmed el-Berdah\u00ee el-\u00c2mid\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan Fars\u00e7a-T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sonuna baz\u0131 edeb\u00ee terimler eklenmi\u015ftir. Eserin bu son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda yazar \u015fiir kaidelerini ve aruzu bilmenin faydalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eiir, beyit, mesnev\u00ee, rub\u00e2\u00ee, k\u0131ta, kaside, terci, gazel, medh, hiciv, mersiye, ne\u015fide, naz\u0131m, nesir, nazire, nak\u00eeza, muva\u015f\u015fah, m\u00fcstezat, kafiye, matla, mahl\u00e2s, tac, \u015feyh, tars\u00ee, redd\u00fc\u2019l-ac\u00fcz, ale\u2019s-sadr, \u00eeham, tecnis, te\u015fbih, mec\u00e2z-\u0131 m\u00fcrsel, aruz, aruz kavramlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 bilgiler verilmektedir. Fars\u00e7a \u00f6rneklerin yan\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6rnekler de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Bahrul-Maarif\"><strong>Bahr\u00fc\u2019l-Maarif<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Muslihiddin Mustafa S\u00fcr\u00fbr\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan 1549 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan eser bir mukaddime, \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve bir hatimeden meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Yazar mukaddimesinde aruzdan ve \u015fiir terimlerinden s\u00f6z etmektedir. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde aruz vezninin bahirlerini, naz\u0131m ve nesir nevilerini anlat\u0131r. \u0130kinci k\u0131s\u0131m tamam\u0131yla edebiyat terimlerine ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde tars\u00ee, tecnis, i\u015ftikak, tezat, istiare, ilham, iltifat, te\u015fbih gibi sanatlar hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Muslihiddin Mustafa S\u00fcr\u00fbr\u00ee, konular\u0131n\u0131 Kur\u2019\u00e2n ve hadislerin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7alarla Arap\u00e7a ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6rnekler vererek a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Yazar\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6rneklerinin \u00e7o\u011fu kendisine aittir. Eserin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a\u2019dan \u00f6rnekler verilerek te\u015fbihe ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatimesinde ise \u015fiir ilminin faydalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Istilahatus-Siriyye\"><strong>Ist\u0131lahat\u00fc\u2019\u015f-\u015e\u2019iriyye<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fcstakimz\u00e2de \u015eeyh S\u00fcleyman Sadeddin Efendi\u2019nin 1684 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bir risaledir. Yazar aruz bilmenin faydas\u0131 ile \u015fiir ve \u015fair hakk\u0131nda bilgiler vermektedir. \u0130stiare, i\u015fba, iktibas, \u00eeham, beyit, terc\u00fcme, gazel, divan gibi edebiyat terimlerini anlatmaktad\u0131r. (Kaz\u0131m Yeti\u015f, (2006): Bel\u00e2gattan Retori\u011fe, Kitabevi, \u0130stanbul: s.57)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>19. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar edebiyat bilgileri veren bu yazma eserleri T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n nazariyat kitab\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendiremeyiz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu eserler birtak\u0131m edeb\u00ee bilgileri \u00e7o\u011funlukla Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a \u00f6rneklerle a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk milletine \u00f6zel bir edebiyat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla kuramsal bilgi vermemi\u015flerdir. Bir mill\u00ee bel\u00e2gat kitab\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"TANZIMAT_DONEMINDEKI_CALISMALAR\"><strong>TANZ\u0130MAT D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDEK\u0130 \u00c7ALI\u015eMALAR<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tanzimat\u2019la birlikte Bat\u0131\u2019yla ili\u015fkilerimizin artmas\u0131 sebebiyle edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmu\u015ftur. Tanzimat\u2019\u0131n edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zdaki en \u00f6nemli etkisini Ahmet Hamdi Tanp\u0131nar \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7ede nesrin te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7in insan\u0131n ve cemiyet m\u00fcesseselerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi, tahsil sisteminin T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye d\u00f6nmesi l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131. \u0130\u015fte Tanzimat bunu yapt\u0131.\u201d (Tanp\u0131nar, 2003: 639.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yeni a\u00e7\u0131lan y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmas\u0131yla birlikte T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bel\u00e2gat kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tanzimat ve sonras\u0131nda bat\u0131l\u0131 tarzda yeni a\u00e7\u0131lan okullarda art\u0131k \u00f6\u011frenciler Arap\u00e7a ve bel\u00e2gat kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 okuyacak kadar Arap diline v\u00e2k\u0131f de\u011fillerdi. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e retorik kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir nedeni budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recep Duymaz \u201cEsteti\u011fe Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131m\u0131zdaki Kuramsal Kopukluk\u201d isimli yaz\u0131s\u0131nda 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren yay\u0131nlanan edebiyat nazariyesi\/kuram\u0131na dair kitaplar\u0131n k\u00fcnyelerini kronolojik olarak vermi\u015ftir\u201d (Duymaz, 2007: 10)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recep Duymaz, bu kitaplar\u0131n ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, i\u00e7eriklerinin ve y\u00f6ntemlerinin incelenmesinin edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zdaki bel\u00e2gat ve retorik kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimdeki durumun saptanmas\u0131nda ve edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda estetik kuramlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli faydalar sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Miftahul-Belaga_ve_Misbahul-Fesaha\"><strong>Mift\u00e2hu\u2019l-Bel\u00e2ga ve M\u0131sb\u00e2hu\u2019l-Fes\u00e2ha<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu eserler 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l mahsul\u00fc olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ne\u015fredilmi\u015flerdir. Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda ne\u015fredilen ilk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bel\u00e2gat kitaplar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Ankarav\u00ee, mukaddimesinde bel\u00e2gat \u00f6\u011frenmenin faydalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durur. Bu faydalar\u0131 Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i ve Hz. Muhammed\u2019in s\u00f6zlerini anlamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klar. Ayr\u0131ca bel\u00e2gat \u00f6\u011frenmenin Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n Mesnev\u00ee\u2019sini anlamaya da faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Eser, d\u00f6rt bap olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u201cs\u00f6z\u201d d\u00f6rt k\u0131s\u0131mda incelenir. Birinci bapta kelime, isnat, bel\u00e2gat, fesahat kavramlar\u0131 incelenir; ikinci bapta \u2018ilm-i bey\u00e2n\u2019 ele al\u0131n\u0131r; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bapta \u2018aks\u00e2m-\u0131 \u015fiir\u2019 ve \u2018ilm-i bed\u00ee\u2019 konular\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yazar, naz\u0131m nevileri, in\u015fa, mektup nevileri gibi edebiyat bilgilerini \u00f6rneklerle a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fczel konu\u015fma ve g\u00fczel yazman\u0131n usullerini anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Mugnil-Kuttab\"><strong>Mugni\u2019l-K\u00fctt\u00e2b<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Seyyit Mehmet N\u00fczhet\u2019in o\u011fluna hitaben yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuplardan olu\u015fan eser, k\u00e2tip olmak isteyen gen\u00e7ler i\u00e7in nasihat veren bir rehber kitap niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yazar kitab\u0131n\u0131 alt\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u2018us\u00fbl-i in\u015f\u00e2\u2019 ve \u2018kit\u00e2bet\u2019 konular\u0131 incelenir. \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u2018ilm-i in\u015f\u00e2\u2019 konusu geni\u015f olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u2018kit\u00e2bet\u2019, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u2018ul\u00fbm-\u0131 edebiyye\u2019 incelenir. Be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u2018san\u00e2yi-i lafziyye\u2019 ve \u2018san\u00e2yi-i ma\u2019neviyye\u2019 konular\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Alt\u0131nc\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yazar, k\u00e2tiplerin \u015fiir ezberlemesi gerekti\u011fi \u00fczerinde durur. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ayr\u0131ca \u2018hutbe-kel\u00e2m-\u0131 mens\u00fbr\u2019 konular\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mugni\u2019l-K\u00fctt\u00e2b edeb\u00ee bilgilerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda baz\u0131 nazar\u00ee bilgiler de vermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Miyarul-Kelam\"><strong>Mi\u2019y\u00e2ru\u2019l-Kel\u00e2m<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Selim Sabit, eserinin takdiminde T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin kaidelerinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 hale getirilmesi \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemle durur. Yazar, T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaideleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kendi dillerini iyi \u00f6\u011frenmediklerini s\u00f6yler. Mi\u2019y\u00e2ru\u2019l-kel\u00e2m r\u00fc\u015ftiyelerde okutulmak \u00fczere haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mi\u2019y\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019l-Kel\u00e2m giri\u015f, \u00fc\u00e7 fas\u0131l ve bir hatimeden meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Birinci fas\u0131lda \u00eecaz, \u0131tnap, fesahat konular\u0131 incelenmektedir. \u0130kinci fas\u0131lda hakikat-mecaz, mec\u00e2z-\u0131 M\u00fcrsel, kinaye ve isti\u00e2re a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc fas\u0131lda naz\u0131m-nesir, seci, \u015fiir, kafiye ve vezin konular\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Hatimede edeb\u00ee sanatlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan bilgiler vard\u0131r. Mi\u2019y\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019l-Kel\u00e2m, bel\u00e2gat\u0131n konular\u0131n\u0131 r\u00fc\u015ftiye \u00f6\u011frencilerinin anlayabilece\u011fi seviyede anlatmaktad\u0131r. Bu eser basit d\u00fczeyde edebiyat bilgileri vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Fenn-i_Bedi\"><strong>Fenn-i Bed\u00ee<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mehmet Mihri taraf\u0131ndan M\u0131s\u0131r H\u0131divi \u0130smail Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Abd\u00fclaziz devrinde \u0130stanbul\u2019u ziyareti sebebiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fenn-i Bed\u00ee\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 H\u0131div \u0130smail Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6ven T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Fars\u00e7a manzumelerle doludur. Bu \u00f6rneklerin \u00e7o\u011fu yazara aittir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kitap Fenn-i Bed\u00ee ismini ta\u015f\u0131r. Fakat bel\u00e2gat ilminin b\u00fct\u00fcn konular\u0131n\u0131 vermez. Bed\u00ee\u2019den say\u0131lan sanatlar\u0131 hi\u00e7bir ayr\u0131ma t\u00e2bi tutmadan, edebiyat terimlerini de herhangi bir tasnif yapmadan anlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Teshilul-Aruz_vel-Kavafi_vel-Bedayi\"><strong>Tesh\u00eel\u00fc\u2019l-Ar\u00fbz ve\u2019l-Kav\u00e2f\u00ee ve\u2019l-Bed\u00e2y\u00ee<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Eser Ahmet Hamdi taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ahmet Hamdi, eserinin takdiminde Muhammed b. Kays\u2019\u0131n Mucem\u2019i ile Behr\u00e2m-\u0131 Serahs\u00ee\u2019nin G\u00e2yet\u00fc\u2019l-Ar\u00fbzeyn\u2019inden istifade etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kitap iki mukaddime ve alt\u0131 fas\u0131ldan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Yazar birinci mukaddimede \u015fiir hakk\u0131nda bilgiler verir ve \u015fiirin tarihini anlat\u0131r. \u0130kinci mukaddimede \u015fiir s\u00f6ylemek i\u00e7in gerekli bilgileri ele al\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n ilk k\u0131sm\u0131nda aruz veznini, ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131nda kafiyeyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131sm\u0131nda edeb\u00ee sanatlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar. Di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmler naz\u0131m \u00e7e\u015fitleri ve \u015fiirle ilgili baz\u0131 terimleri i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Mebanil-Insa\"><strong>Meb\u00e2ni\u2019l-\u0130n\u015f\u00e2<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Eser S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa asker\u00ee \u015fahsiyetiyle birlikte T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve edeb\u00ee ne\u015firleriyle de tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa T\u00fcrk dilinin gramerini Tanzimat\u2019tan sonra ilk yazanlardan biridir. Bat\u0131l\u0131 edebiyat nazariyesini de edebiyat\u0131m\u0131za kazand\u0131ranlardand\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meb\u00e2ni\u2019l-\u0130n\u015f\u00e2 sadece bir bel\u00e2gat kitab\u0131 de\u011fildir. Edebiyat bilgilerini i\u00e7ine al\u0131r ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e edeb\u00ee \u00f6rnekler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin bir kadro olu\u015fturur. Ayr\u0131ca, T\u00fcrk nesrini \u00f6rnek olarak almas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan edebiyat nazariyesi alan\u0131nda bir ilk \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meb\u00e2ni\u2019l-\u0130n\u015f\u00e2, Mekteb-i F\u00fcn\u00fbn-\u0131 Harbiye\u2019nin \u201ckitabet\u201d hocas\u0131 olan S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n bu hocal\u0131\u011f\u0131 esnas\u0131nda lisan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n edebiyat\u0131na dair bir kitaba ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir eserdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kitab\u0131n birinci cildi mukaddime olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm giri\u015ften sonra yedi fasla ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk fas\u0131lda kelime ve kel\u00e2m incelenir. \u0130kinci fas\u0131lda kelam bat\u0131l\u0131 bir tarzda ele al\u0131n\u0131r. \u00dcsl\u00fbbun umum\u00ee ve husus\u00ee vas\u0131flar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde kelam\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde beyan\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131, klasik bel\u00e2gattaki \u00f6zellikleriyle anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde fesahat, alt\u0131nc\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ilm-i kel\u00e2m bat\u0131 retori\u011fine uygun olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Alt\u0131nc\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ifade \u00e7e\u015fitleri, yedinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde mektupla\u015fman\u0131n usul\u00fc ve kitabetin \u015fartlar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yazar Meb\u00e2ni\u2019l-\u0130n\u015f\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n ikinci cildinde \u201cSan\u00e2yi-i Maneviyye\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda edeb\u00ee sanatlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Bu ciltte kafiye, vezin, \u015fiirin k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren konular vard\u0131r. \u0130kinci cilt edeb\u00ee metinlerle tamamlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Aruz-i_Turki\"><strong>Ar\u00fbz-\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00ee<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ali Cem\u00e2leddin taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan eser \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Ar\u00fbz-\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00ee, ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u0130lm-i Kav\u00e2f\u00ee, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm San\u00e2yi-i \u015ei\u2019riyyedir. \u0130lk b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u201cm\u0131sra\u201d, \u201c\u015fiir\u201d, \u201cevz\u00e2n\u201d hakk\u0131nda bilgiler verir. \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde kafiye ele al\u0131n\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u015fair olacak bir kimsenin neleri bilmesi gerekti\u011fi hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klamalar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu eserin edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n nazariyesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi, yazar\u0131n konular\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6rneklerle a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Belagat-i_Lisan-i_Osmani\"><strong>Bel\u00e2gat-\u0131 Lis\u00e2n-\u0131 Osm\u00e2n\u00ee<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ahmet Hamdi, klasik Arap bel\u00e2gat\u0131n\u0131n konular\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak bu eserinde anlatmaktad\u0131r. Kitap \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u201cilm-i me\u00e2n\u00ee\u201d ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u201cilm-i bey\u00e2n\u201d \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u201cfenn-i bed\u00ee\u201ddir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bel\u00e2gat-\u0131 Lis\u00e2n-\u0131 Osm\u00e2n\u00ee \u00f6rnekler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zay\u0131ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Zubdetul-Beyan\"><strong>Z\u00fcbdet\u00fc\u2019l-Bey\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00fcbdet\u00fc\u2019l-Bey\u00e2n, Daru\u015f\u015fafaka\u2019da hoca olan Mihali\u00e7li Mustafa Efendi\u2019nin ders vermek i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir eserdir. \u201c\u0130lm-i bey\u00e2n\u201d konusunu ele alan eserin \u201cdib\u00e2ce\u201dsinde beyan ilminin \u00f6neminden s\u00f6z edilir. Yazar, kitab\u0131n\u0131 bir mukaddime ve \u00fc\u00e7 bap olarak d\u00fczenler. Mukaddime hakikat-mecaz ve kinayenin tarifleri verilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baplarda s\u0131ras\u0131yla, mec\u00e2z-\u0131 M\u00fcrsel, istiare, kinaye ve n\u00fckteler anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Yazar hatimede tarizi konu al\u0131r. Yazar edeb\u00ee sanatlar\u0131n daha iyi hat\u0131rda kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu sanatlar\u0131 atas\u00f6zleriyle anlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Belagat-i_Osmaniyye\"><strong>Bel\u00e2gat-\u0131 Osm\u00e2niyye<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cevdet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Mekteb-i Hukuk\u2019ta verdi\u011fi bel\u00e2gat derslerinin kitap haline getirilmesiyle olu\u015fan eserin ilk bask\u0131s\u0131 fasik\u00fcl fasik\u00fcl \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cevdet Pa\u015fa eserini bir mukaddime ve \u00fc\u00e7 baptan meydana getirmi\u015ftir. Mukaddimede fesahat ve bel\u00e2gat \u00fczerinde durulmaktad\u0131r. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde me\u00e2n\u00ee, ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde bey\u00e2n, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde bed\u00ee konular\u0131 i\u015flenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cHatime\u201d k\u0131sm\u0131nda bir yaz\u0131 veya konu\u015fmadaki giri\u015f, geli\u015fme ve sonu\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi \u00fczerinde durulmaktad\u0131r. Bu eserin edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda ilk kez m\u00fcnaka\u015fa edilen bel\u00e2gat kitab\u0131 olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Hadikatul-Beyan\"><strong>Had\u00eekat\u00fc\u2019l-Bey\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hac\u0131 \u0130brahim taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan eser anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 son derece g\u00fc\u00e7 bir ifadeye sahiptir. Konular\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flerken Arap\u00e7adan faydalan\u0131r. Arap\u00e7a kaideleri T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye uygulamak ister. Dilimizdeki Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a kelimelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayanarak Arap\u00e7adan al\u0131nan bel\u00e2gat kurallar\u0131n\u0131n dilimize uygun gelece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. Eser iki c\u00fcz olarak yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yazar, birinci c\u00fcz\u00fcn mukaddimesinde ilim \u00f6\u011frenmenin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlat\u0131r. Sarf, nahiv, me\u00e2n\u00ee, beyan, bedi\u00ee ve bel\u00e2gat\u0131 birinci c\u00fczde a\u00e7\u0131klar. \u0130kinci c\u00fczde me\u00e2n\u00ee konular\u0131na de\u011finir. Yazar konular\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klarken \u00f6rneklerini Arap\u00e7a olarak vermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Serh-i_Belagat\"><strong>\u015eerh-i Bel\u00e2gat<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hac\u0131 \u0130brahim Efendi taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cevdet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Bel\u00e2gat-\u0131 Osm\u00e2niyye\u2019si hakk\u0131ndaki m\u00fcnaka\u015falarda bu kitab\u0131 savunmak amac\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kitapt\u0131r. Hac\u0131 \u0130brahim Efendi Mekteb-i Hukuk\u2019ta Cevdet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yerine hocal\u0131k yaparken Bel\u00e2gat-\u0131 Osm\u00e2niyye\u2019yi okutur. Bu verdi\u011fi dersler esnas\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131, Vakit gazetesinde \u015eerh-i Bel\u00e2gat ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda tefrika eder, sonra bunlar\u0131 iki c\u00fcz halinde yay\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eerh-i Bel\u00e2gat iki c\u00fcz olarak Bel\u00e2gat-\u0131 Osm\u00e2niyye\u2019nin ilk k\u0131rk sayfas\u0131n\u0131 ve me\u00e2n\u00ee konusuna kadar olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Talim-i_Edebiyyat\"><strong>Ta\u2019l\u00eem-i Edebiyy\u00e2t<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ta\u2019l\u00eem-i Edebiyy\u00e2t, Rec\u00e2izade Mahmud Ekrem\u2019in Mekteb-i M\u00fclkiye\u2019de okuttu\u011fu edebiyat dersinin notlar\u0131ndan meydana gelen ders kitab\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eser bir \u00f6ns\u00f6z ve d\u00f6rt fas\u0131ldan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Birinci fa\u015f\u0131l alt\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu alt\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcme girmeden \u00f6nce \u201czihin\u201d, \u201cfikir\u201d, \u201ch\u00fcsn-i tabiat\u201d, \u201chayal\u201d, \u201chaf\u0131za\u201d, \u201czarafet yahut n\u00fcktedanl\u0131k\u201d, \u201cdeha ve h\u00fcnerver\u00ee\u201d gibi insan psikolojisini ilgilendiren baz\u0131 melekeler \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur. Bu konular ilk defa Ta\u2019l\u00eem-i Edebiyy\u00e2t ile edebiyat nazariyesi ve bel\u00e2gat kitaplar\u0131na girmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Yazar ikinci fasl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u00fcsl\u00fbba ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci fas\u0131lda \u00fcsl\u00fbbun tarifini yapar ve bu konudaki a\u00e7\u0131klamalara yer verir. \u0130kinci fas\u0131l \u201cKav\u00e2n\u00een-i \u00dcsl\u00fbb\u201d; \u201cfesahat\u201d, \u201cvuzuh\u201d, \u201ctabiiyet\u201d, \u201cmunakkahiyyet\u201d, \u201c\u00e2heng-i sel\u00e2set\u201d, \u201cmuvafakat\u201d olmak \u00fczere alt\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu bilgilerden sonra \u00fcsl\u00fbbu \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ay\u0131rarak \u201c\u00fcsl\u00fbb-\u0131 s\u00e2de\u201d, \u201c\u00fcsl\u00fbb-\u0131 m\u00fczeyyen\u201d, \u201c\u00fcsl\u00fbb-\u0131 \u00e2l\u00ee\u201d konular\u0131na ait bilgiler verir. \u00dcsl\u00fbp konusu ilk defa Rec\u00e2\u00eez\u00e2de Mahmut Ekrem\u2019le birlikte edebiyat nazariyesi kitaplar\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Ta\u2019l\u00eem-i Edebiyy\u00e2t\u2019\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc fasl\u0131 da \u00fcsl\u00fbp \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu fasl\u0131n ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cTezy\u00een\u00e2t-\u0131 \u00dcsl\u00fbb-\u0131 Env\u00e2-\u0131 Mec\u00e2z\u201dd\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc fas\u0131l \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm, \u201cmec\u00e2z-\u0131 tahy\u00eel\u00ee\u201d, ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u201cmec\u00e2z-\u0131 tebl\u00ee\u011f\u00ee\u201d, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u201cmarifet-i mec\u00e2z\u201dd\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve sonuncu fasl\u0131nda san\u00e2yi-i lafziyye konular\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131r. (Yeti\u015f, 2006: 76.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ahmet Hamdi Tanp\u0131nar Ta\u2019l\u00eem-i Edebiyy\u00e2t hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u201cBu ders kitab\u0131 daha ziyade bir hareket olarak m\u00fchimdir. Filhakika \u201cArab\u0131n bed\u00ee ve bey\u00e2n\u0131\u201d ve \u201cbel\u00e2gat\u201d\u0131yla ilk hesapla\u015fmam\u0131z onunla ba\u015flar. O zamana kadar s\u00f6z sanatlar\u0131ndan bahsedenler, ister umum\u00ee \u00e7er\u00e7eveler i\u00e7inden (yani, mevzuat-\u0131 ul\u00fbm cinsinden ilim tasnifi eserlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi) ister tek ba\u015f\u0131na meseleyi ele als\u0131nlar daima Arap edebiyat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 idiler. Ve Aristo\u2019dan, Araplara intikal etmi\u015f estetik kaideleri i\u00e7inde onun geli\u015fmesinin verdi\u011fi verilere dayanarak konu\u015furlard\u0131.\u201d (Tanp\u0131nar, 2003: 639)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu yaz\u0131da verdi\u011fimiz bilgilere dayanarak edebiyat tarihimizdeki bel\u00e2gat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n 19. asr\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bu as\u0131rdan \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fclen bel\u00e2gat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Arap bel\u00e2gat\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n bel\u00e2gat\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. T\u00fcrk nesri nazariye alan\u0131nda ilk defa Meb\u00e2ni\u2019l-in\u015f\u00e2\u2019da yer alsa da tam olarak T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n bir nazariye kitab\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Birg\u00fcl Zent<br><em>Bu yaz\u0131 \u0130lim Dergisi&#8217;nden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130&ccedil;indekilerGiri\u015fKit\u00e2b\u00fc C\u00e2mii Env\u00e2i\u2019l Edebi\u2019l-F\u00e2ris\u00eeBahr\u00fc\u2019l-MaarifIst\u0131lahat\u00fc\u2019\u015f-\u015e\u2019iriyyeTANZ\u0130MAT D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDEK\u0130 \u00c7ALI\u015eMALARMift\u00e2hu\u2019l-Bel\u00e2ga ve M\u0131sb\u00e2hu\u2019l-Fes\u00e2haMugni\u2019l-K\u00fctt\u00e2bMi\u2019y\u00e2ru\u2019l-Kel\u00e2mFenn-i Bed\u00eeTesh\u00eel\u00fc\u2019l-Ar\u00fbz ve\u2019l-Kav\u00e2f\u00ee ve\u2019l-Bed\u00e2y\u00eeMeb\u00e2ni\u2019l-\u0130n\u015f\u00e2Ar\u00fbz-\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00eeBel\u00e2gat-\u0131 Lis\u00e2n-\u0131 Osm\u00e2n\u00eeZ\u00fcbdet\u00fc\u2019l-Bey\u00e2nBel\u00e2gat-\u0131 Osm\u00e2niyyeHad\u00eekat\u00fc\u2019l-Bey\u00e2n\u015eerh-i Bel\u00e2gatTa\u2019l\u00eem-i Edebiyy\u00e2t Giri\u015f Orhun Abideleri ile tarihte ilk kez g\u00f6r\u00fcnen T\u00fcrk\u00e7emiz, ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar, de\u011fi\u015fen sosyal yap\u0131lar\u0131n etkisiyle \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Do\u011fal olarak edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z da tarih\u00ee ve sosyolojik de\u011fi\u015fmelerden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilenmi\u015ftir. Ahmet Hamdi Tanp\u0131nar 19. As\u0131r T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131 Tarihi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[964],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4021"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4021"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4021\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4866,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4021\/revisions\/4866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}