{"id":417,"date":"2021-06-17T18:49:59","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T15:49:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/safirblog\/2018\/05\/03\/victorias-secret-melegi-alessandra-ambrosio-icin-yaz-bitmiyor\/"},"modified":"2021-11-29T12:46:03","modified_gmt":"2021-11-29T09:46:03","slug":"orf-ve-adet-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/orf-ve-adet-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6rf ve \u00c2det Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6RF NED\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rf,<\/a> <\/strong>uzun bir zaman dilimi sonucu bir toplumda kendili\u011finden olu\u015fmu\u015f genel kabuller olmakla birlikte, s\u00f6z konusu toplumun davran\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bi\u00e7imlerinin de b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eden \u00f6nemli bir kavramd\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6rf\u00fcn \u0130slam hukukunda muteber bir yerinin oldu\u011funu rahatl\u0131kla anlayabiliriz. Fakat buna ra\u011fmen \u00f6rf\u00fcn muteber olabilmesi i\u00e7in birtak\u0131m \u015fartlar vard\u0131r. \u015eimdi onlara bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u00d6rf umumi olmal\u0131d\u0131r: <\/strong>\u00d6rf\u00fcn muteber olabilmesi i\u00e7in ilgili hadiselerin tamam\u0131na ve \u00e7o\u011funa tatbik edilebilir olmas\u0131 laz\u0131md\u0131r. Mesela bug\u00fcn d\u00fckkanlardan al\u0131nan mallar\u0131n ambalajlar\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya iade edilmez. Bu durum yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in umumi \u00f6rf say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u00d6rf, ihtiya\u00e7 an\u0131nda mevcut olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>: <\/strong>Bu s\u0131rada mevcut olmayan ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kalm\u0131\u015f ve unutulup terk edilmi\u015f \u00f6rf ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6yle durumlarda sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak olan \u00f6rf de ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir. Usul \u00e2limleri bunu \u015f\u00f6yle ifade ederler: \u201cSonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6rf dikkate al\u0131nmaz.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>Mesela bir kimse gayrimenkul\u00fcn\u00fcn gelirini ilim talebelerine vakfetse, o zamanki \u00f6rfe g\u00f6re ilim talebelerinden maksat dini ilimler tahsil edenler olsa, ancak sonradan bu \u00f6rf de\u011fi\u015ferek herhangi bir sahada ilim tahsil edenler de ilim talebesi say\u0131lsa, bu vakf\u0131n geliri kendi d\u00f6nemindeki anlay\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re harcan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u00d6rf, a\u00e7\u0131k irade beyan\u0131 ile \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/strong> Bir konuda \u00f6rf bulunmakla birlikte akdin taraflar\u0131 \u00f6rfe muhalif bir karar ortaya koymu\u015flarsa \u00f6rfe itibar edilmez, taraflar\u0131n ortak iradesi esas al\u0131n\u0131r. Mecelle bu durumu \u201cTasrih mukabelesinde delalete itibar yoktur.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> kaidesiyle beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u00d6rf, kat\u2019i bir \u015fer\u2019i delile veya \u0130slam hukukunun temel prensiplerine muhalif olmamal\u0131d\u0131r: <\/strong>Mesela bir toplumda sarho\u015fluk verici i\u00e7kilerin \u00f6zellikle baz\u0131 merasimlerde i\u00e7ilmesi \u00f6rf haline gelmi\u015fse buna itibar edilmez ve buna dayan\u0131larak h\u00fck\u00fcm verilmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rf\u00fcn delil olarak kabul edilmesinin tabii bir sonucu olarak baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00f6rf \u00fczerine bina edilmi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple belli bir h\u00fckme kaynakl\u0131k eden \u00f6rf ve \u00e2detin de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle ilgili h\u00fckm\u00fcn de de\u011fi\u015fmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Bunu ifade etmek i\u00e7in usul \u00e2limleri \u015f\u00f6yle bir prensip olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r: \u201cEzman\u0131n te\u011fayyuru ile ahk\u00e2m\u0131n te\u011fayyuru ink\u00e2r olunamaz.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c2DET NED\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c2det<\/a> <\/strong>kavram\u0131, \u00f6rf kavram\u0131yla yak\u0131n anlamdad\u0131r. Hatta bu yak\u0131nl\u0131k sebebiyle \u00e7o\u011fu zaman birbirlerinin yerine kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Fakat bu yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ra\u011fmen \u00e2deti\u00f6rften ay\u0131ran ince \u00e7izgi, \u201ctekrar\u201dd\u0131r. Nitekim \u0130bni \u00c2bidin\u2019<\/a>in \u00f6rf risalesinde \u00e2deti tan\u0131mlarken \u015fu c\u00fcmleleri kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilir: \u201c\u00c2det muavede\u2019den al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O tekrar tekrar, yap\u0131la yap\u0131la ruhlara ve ak\u0131llara yerle\u015fir, orada karar k\u0131lar, ma\u2019ruf olur. Bir alaka ve karine aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n kabul edilir.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: \u0130stihsan Nedir?<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6nmez, \u0130brahim K\u00e2fi. \u201c\u00d6rf\u201d, D\u0130A<\/a>
Karaman, Hayrettin. \u201c\u00c2det\u201d, D\u0130A<\/a>
Kurt, Ayhan.Mevs\u0131l\u00ee\u2019nin \u0130htiyar Adl\u0131 Eserinde \u00d6rf ve \u00c2det. Hitit \u00dcniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, 2014, 5.<\/a>
T\u00fcrcan, Talip. \u0130slam Hukuku El Kitab\u0131, Grafiker Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2013.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d6rf ve \u00c2det Nedir?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":937,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[275,278,277,276],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/417"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=417"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/417\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2430,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/417\/revisions\/2430"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}