{"id":53,"date":"2021-05-05T14:16:27","date_gmt":"2021-05-05T11:16:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/safirblog\/2018\/05\/03\/bir-ilk-daha-kesfedildi-dunyadan-200-isik-yili-uzakta\/"},"modified":"2021-11-29T12:38:40","modified_gmt":"2021-11-29T09:38:40","slug":"lafiz-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/lafiz-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Laf\u0131z Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#LAFIZ_NEDIR\">LAFIZ NED\u0130R?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#A-Dilde_Konuldugu_Anlami_Itibariyla_Lafiz\">A-Dilde Konuldu\u011fu Anlam\u0131 \u0130tibar\u0131yla Laf\u0131z<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-HASS_LAFIZnbsp\">1-H\u00c2SS LAFIZ&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-AMM_LAFIZ\">2-\u00c2MM LAFIZ<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-MUSTEREK_LAFIZ\">3-M\u00dc\u015eTEREK LAFIZ<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-MUEVVEL_LAFIZ\">4-M\u00dcEVVEL LAFIZ<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#B-Anlamin_Acikligi-Kapaliligi_Acisindan_Lafiz\">B-Anlam\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131-Kapal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Laf\u0131z<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#ZAHIR\">Z\u00c2H\u0130R<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#NASS\">NASS<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#MUFESSER\">M\u00dcFESSER<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#MUHKEM\">MUHKEM<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#HAFI\">HAF\u0130<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#MUSKIL\">M\u00dc\u015eK\u0130L<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#MUCMELnbsp\">M\u00dcCMEL&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#MUTESABIHnbsp\">M\u00dcTE\u015e\u00c2B\u0130H&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#C-Anlama_Delaletinin_Sekli_Bakimindan_Lafiz\">C-Anlama Delaletinin \u015eekli Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Laf\u0131z<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-Nassin_Ibaresiyle_Istidlal\">1-Nass\u0131n \u0130baresiyle \u0130stidl\u00e2l<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-Nassin_Isaretiyle_Istidlal\">2-Nass\u0131n \u0130\u015faretiyle \u0130stidl\u00e2l<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-Nassin_Delaletiyle_Istidlal\">3-Nass\u0131n Delaletiyle \u0130stidl\u00e2l<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-Nassin_Muktezasiyla_Istidlal\">4-Nass\u0131n Muktezas\u0131yla \u0130stidl\u00e2l<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#D-Dilde_Konuldugu_Anlamda_Kullanilip_Kullanilmamasi_Itibariyla_Lafiz\">D-Dilde Konuldu\u011fu Anlamda Kullan\u0131l\u0131p Kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 \u0130tibar\u0131yla Laf\u0131z<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-Hakikat_Mecaz\">1-Hakikat \u2013 Mecaz<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-Sarih_Kinaye\">2-Sarih \u2013 Kin\u00e2ye<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"LAFIZ_NEDIR\"><strong>LAFIZ NED\u0130R?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Laf\u0131z, nasslarda bulunan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde anlayabilmemiz i\u00e7in gereken en \u00f6nemli unsurdur. \u0130stidlal metotlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde en \u00f6nemli yeri laf\u0131z bahisleri olu\u015fturur. Laf\u0131z bahisleri do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131lmadan istidlalin nas\u0131l ve ne \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bilemeyiz. Laf\u0131z bahislerinin kendi i\u00e7erisinde farkl\u0131 taksimatlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u015femalar\u0131 belli bir sistematikle ele alaca\u011f\u0131z ve konuyu bu \u015femalar \u00fczerinden i\u015fleyece\u011fiz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fema, bizim ana \u015femam\u0131z olacak. Bu \u015femada bulunan her bir ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 olacak. Onlar\u0131 a\u00e7arak yava\u015f yava\u015f ilerleyece\u011fiz. Haz\u0131rsan\u0131z ba\u015flayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-01-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1279\" width=\"461\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-01-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-01-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-01-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-01-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-01.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"A-Dilde_Konuldugu_Anlami_Itibariyla_Lafiz\"><strong>A-Dilde Konuldu\u011fu Anlam\u0131 \u0130tibar\u0131yla Laf\u0131z<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-02-1024x295.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1281\" width=\"504\" height=\"145\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-02-1024x295.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-02-300x86.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-02-768x221.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-02-1536x442.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-02.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"1-HASS_LAFIZnbsp\"><strong>1-H\u00c2SS LAFIZ<em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Tek bir manay\u0131 veya belli say\u0131daki fertleri ifade etmek \u00fczere konulmu\u015f laf\u0131zd\u0131r.&nbsp;H\u00e2ss&nbsp;lafz\u0131n iki \u00f6zelli\u011fi var. Birincisi, onun tek bir manaya delalet etmesidir. \u0130kincisi, delalet etti\u011fi bu manaya giren fertlerin belirli say\u0131larda olmas\u0131d\u0131r.&nbsp;Bu gruplar&nbsp;h\u00e2ss&nbsp;laf\u0131zlara girer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>\u00d6zel \u0130simler:<\/strong>&nbsp;Ay\u015fe, Zehra.<br><strong>Say\u0131&nbsp;adlar\u0131:<\/strong>&nbsp;Bir, \u00fc\u00e7, be\u015f, bin.<br><strong>T\u00fcr&nbsp;adlar\u0131:<\/strong>&nbsp;Erkek, kad\u0131n, zeytin a\u011fac\u0131.<br><strong>Cins adlar\u0131:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0130nsan, a\u011fa\u00e7.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6zel isimler belirli bir ferdi g\u00f6sterdikleri i\u00e7in&nbsp;h\u00e2ss&nbsp;laf\u0131zlard\u0131r. An\u0131 \u015fekilde say\u0131 adlar\u0131 da fertleri birden \u00e7ok olsa da tek h\u00fckm\u00fcnde bir mana ifade ettikleri i\u00e7in bu gruba dahillerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e2ss&nbsp;lafz\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc, delaletinin kesinli\u011fidir.&nbsp;Mesela&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cZeyd&nbsp;\u00e2limdir.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ele alacak olursak;&nbsp;Zeyd,&nbsp;h\u00e2ss&nbsp;bir laf\u0131zd\u0131r ve ilmin&nbsp;Zeyd&nbsp;i\u00e7in sabit oldu\u011funa h\u00fckmetmeyi gerektirir.&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cH\u00e2ss&nbsp;laf\u0131z, h\u00fckm\u00fc kesin olarak gerektirir.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;c\u00fcmlesindeki&nbsp;kesinlik,&nbsp;hi\u00e7bir ihtimalin s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesinlik de\u011fil,&nbsp;delilden kaynaklanan ihtimalin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131ndaki&nbsp;kesinliktir.&nbsp;H\u00e2ss laf\u0131z kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilen d\u00f6rt kavram daha var. \u015eimdi \u015fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015femay\u0131 inceleyip neler olduklar\u0131na hep beraber bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-03-1024x295.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1282\" width=\"-377\" height=\"-109\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-03-1024x295.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-03-300x86.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-03-768x221.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-03-1536x442.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-03.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Emir:<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Usulc\u00fcler&nbsp;genelde emri, konumca \u00fcstte olan ki\u015finin daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 konumda olan ki\u015fiden bir \u015feyi yapmas\u0131n\u0131 istemesi \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bir i\u015fin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemek Arap dil kurallar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden birka\u00e7 \u015fekilde olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>1-Emr-i&nbsp;H\u00e2z\u0131r:<\/strong>&nbsp;<em>\u201cNamaz\u0131 dosdo\u011fru k\u0131l\u0131n, zek\u00e2t\u0131 verin, Resule itaat edin ki size merhamet edilsin.\u201d<br><\/em><strong><em>2-Emr-i&nbsp;G\u00e2ib:<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;<\/em><em>\u201c\u00d6yleyse i\u00e7inizden kim bu aya ula\u015f\u0131rsa onu oru\u00e7la ge\u00e7irsin.\u201d<br><\/em><strong>3-Emir Anlam\u0131 Veren&nbsp;Masdar:<\/strong>&nbsp;<em>\u201cSava\u015fta ink\u00e2rc\u0131larla&nbsp;kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zaman boyunlar\u0131n\u0131 vurun.\u201d<br><\/em><strong><em>4-Talep \u0130fade Eden Haber:<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;<\/em><em>\u201cOru\u00e7, sizden \u00f6ncekilere farz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi size de farz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Emir sigas\u0131yla alakal\u0131 tafsilatl\u0131 meseleler i\u00e7in (delaleti, fevri, tekrar\u0131) sizi \u015fu yaz\u0131m\u0131za davet ediyoruz: <a title=\"Emir Sigas\u0131\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih\/emir-sigasi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emir <\/a><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/emir-sigasi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Sigas\u0131<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nehiy:<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Bir \u015feyin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yasaklama Arap dilinin imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok kal\u0131pla olabilir. Bunlar\u0131n en yayg\u0131n olanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6ylece s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>1-Nehy-i&nbsp;H\u00e2z\u0131r:<\/strong>&nbsp;<em>\u201cFakirlik endi\u015fesiyle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyin.\u201d<br><\/em><strong>2-Nehy-i&nbsp;G\u00e2ib:<\/strong>&nbsp;<em>\u201cM\u00fcminler, m\u00fcminleri b\u0131rak\u0131p ink\u00e2rc\u0131lar\u0131 veli edinmesin.\u201d<br><\/em><strong>3-Nehiy Manas\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131yan Emir&nbsp;Sigas\u0131:<\/strong>&nbsp;<em>\u201cPutlara tapma pisli\u011finden ve yalan s\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.\u201d<br><\/em><strong>4-Yasa\u011f\u0131n \u0130hbar\u0131:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u201c<em>\u015e\u00fcphesiz Allah, hayas\u0131zl\u0131k, fenal\u0131k ve azg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasaklar.\u201d<br><\/em><strong>5-Helalli\u011fi Nefyeden Haber:<\/strong>&nbsp;<em>\u201cKad\u0131nlara zorla miras\u00e7\u0131 olman\u0131z helal de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Usulc\u00fcler&nbsp;nehiy&nbsp;sigas\u0131n\u0131n&nbsp;tahrim&nbsp;ve&nbsp;ker\u00e2het&nbsp;d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki manalarda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n mecaz kabilinden oldu\u011funda ittifak etmekle birlikte nehyin bu ikisinden hangisinde hakikat oldu\u011funda ihtilaf etmi\u015flerdir.&nbsp;Usulc\u00fclerin&nbsp;b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re nehyin&nbsp;tahrim&nbsp;anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131m\u0131 hakikattir. Nehyin kerahete&nbsp;delaleti i\u00e7inse bunu g\u00f6steren bir karineye ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mutlak:<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Herhangi bir s\u0131fat veya kay\u0131tla belirli hale getirilmeden kullan\u0131lan laf\u0131zd\u0131r. Adam, a\u011fa\u00e7, ku\u015f gibi belirleme yap\u0131lmadan s\u00f6ylenen laf\u0131zlar b\u00f6yledir. Bir laf\u0131z mutlak olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn fertlerini kapsamaz. Fertlerinden birine veya birka\u00e7\u0131na delalet eder.&nbsp;Mesela&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cBir k\u00f6le azat et.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;s\u00f6z\u00fcndeki&nbsp;rakabe&nbsp;kelimesi, mutlak bir laf\u0131zd\u0131r. Mutlak bir laf\u0131z oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu lafz\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6lelere \u015f\u00fcmul\u00fc olmay\u0131p k\u00f6le cinsi i\u00e7erisinde belirli olmayan herhangi bir k\u00f6leye delalet eder. Yani bu laf\u0131z, b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6leleri kapsamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi belirli bir k\u00f6leyi de ifade etmez.&nbsp;Sadece k\u00f6le cinsi i\u00e7erisinde herhangi bir k\u00f6leyi ifade eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mukayyet: <\/strong>Bir vas\u0131fla veya kay\u0131tla belirlenmi\u015f fertlere delalet eden laf\u0131zd\u0131r.&nbsp;Rakabe&nbsp;lafz\u0131na bir kay\u0131t getirilerek&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cM\u00fcmin bir k\u00f6le azat et.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;denilmi\u015f olsayd\u0131 art\u0131k&nbsp;rakabe&nbsp;lafz\u0131 mutlak olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karak mukayyet hale gelmi\u015f,&nbsp;yani art\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu olan k\u00f6le herhangi bir k\u00f6le de\u011fil, m\u00fcmin bir k\u00f6le olmu\u015f olurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"2-AMM_LAFIZ\"><strong>2-\u00c2MM LAFIZ<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Tek bir mana i\u00e7in konulmu\u015f ve bu mana kapsam\u0131na giren fertlerin hepsine birden delalet eden laf\u0131zlara denir. Erkekler, millet ve kavim laf\u0131zlar\u0131 gibi.&nbsp;Laf\u0131zlar iki a\u00e7\u0131dan umuma delalet eder:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1-Hem&nbsp;sigas\u0131&nbsp;hem manas\u0131 itibar\u0131yla&nbsp;\u00e2mm&nbsp;olan laf\u0131zlar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunlar,&nbsp;ba\u015f\u0131nda harf-i tarif (elif-lam) bulunan \u00e7o\u011ful kelimelerdir.&nbsp;Usulc\u00fcler, bir karine sebebiyle&nbsp;ahd&nbsp;i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131k\u00e7a, harf-i tarifli \u00e7o\u011fulun isti\u011frak i\u00e7in oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Harf-i tarifli \u00e7o\u011ful,&nbsp;ahd&nbsp;veya isti\u011fraka hamledilmeyince mecazen cinse hamledilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mesela Tevbe-60 ayetinde&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cel-fukar\u00e2\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;lafz\u0131n\u0131n&nbsp;ahd&nbsp;i\u00e7in olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani kastedilenin muhataplar taraf\u0131ndan bilinen bir fakirler grubu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bellidir. Yine&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cel-fukar\u00e2\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;lafz\u0131n\u0131n isti\u011frak i\u00e7in olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani bir kimsenin zek\u00e2t\u0131 d\u00fcnyadaki b\u00fct\u00fcn fakirlere ula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bellidir. \u00d6yleyse burada&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cel-fukar\u00e2\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;lafz\u0131yla kastedilen fakir cinsidir ve zek\u00e2t\u0131n bir veya birka\u00e7 fakire verilmesiyle zek\u00e2t y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerine getirilmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2-Sadece manas\u0131 itibar\u0131yla&nbsp;\u00e2mm&nbsp;olan laf\u0131zlar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Bunun birka\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7okluk&nbsp;\u0130\u00e7in Vazedilmi\u015f Tekil \u0130simler:&nbsp;<\/strong>Mesela&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201ckavm\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;gibi&nbsp;siga&nbsp;itibar\u0131yla tekil olan topluluk isimleri b\u00f6yledir. Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fckler tekil olmakla birlikte fertler toplam\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bunlarda \u00e7o\u011ful anlam\u0131 bulunmakta ve umum ifade etmektedirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130sm-i&nbsp;Mevsuller:&nbsp;<\/strong><strong><em>\u201cMen,&nbsp;m\u00e2,&nbsp;ellezi\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;gibi laf\u0131zlar tek tek fertleri \u015f\u00fcmul veya bedel yoluyla i\u00e7ine almalar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla umum ifade ederler.&nbsp;Mesela&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cKim bana gelirse ona bir dirhem var.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;s\u00f6z\u00fcndeki&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cmen\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;lafz\u0131, tek tek fertleri \u015f\u00fcmul yoluyla i\u00e7ine alan lafza \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cem\u00ee&nbsp;ve&nbsp;K\u00fcll&nbsp;Gibi Laf\u0131zlar:<\/strong> Ba\u015f\u0131nda bu laf\u0131zlardan biri bulunan s\u00f6zc\u00fckler umum ifade eder.&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cRical-Erkekler\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;gibi.&nbsp;\u201cHer can \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tad\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d C\u00fcmlesindeki&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cHer can\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;lafz\u0131 gibi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ba\u015f\u0131na&nbsp;Harf-i&nbsp;Tarif Getirilmi\u015f Tekil \u0130sim:&nbsp;<\/strong>Ba\u015f\u0131na harf-i tarif getirilmi\u015f tekil ismin umum ifade edebilmesi i\u00e7in harf-i tarifin&nbsp;ahd&nbsp;i\u00e7in veya mahiyet belirtmek i\u00e7in olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilinmesi \u015fartt\u0131r.&nbsp;Mesela&nbsp;Asr&nbsp;suresindeki \u201cel-\u0130nsan\u201d lafz\u0131 gibi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nefiy&nbsp;Siyak\u0131nda Nekre:&nbsp;<\/strong>Olumsuz ifadeden sonra gelen nekre isim de umum ifade eder.&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cL\u00e2&nbsp;Vasiyyete\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;hadisinde oldu\u011fu gibi. Buradaki vasiyet umum ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hanefilerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re, tahsis edildi\u011fine dair bir delil bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a&nbsp;\u00e2mm&nbsp;laf\u0131z, fertlerine kat\u2019i olarak delalet eder.&nbsp;Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla&nbsp;\u00e2mm&nbsp;lafz\u0131n haber-i&nbsp;v\u00e2hid&nbsp;ve k\u0131yas gibi&nbsp;zanni&nbsp;bir delil ile tahsis veya neshi caiz de\u011fildir.&nbsp;Ancak onu tahsis eden bir delil bulunmas\u0131 durumunda sadece tahsis edildi\u011fi fertlerine delalet eder ve delaleti de&nbsp;zanni&nbsp;olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eafiilere g\u00f6re ise \u00e2mm laf\u0131z \u015f\u00fcphe ta\u015f\u0131yan bir delildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e2mm lafz\u0131n, mahiyetleri gere\u011fi \u015f\u00fcphe i\u00e7eren haber-i v\u00e2hid ve k\u0131yasla tahsis edilmesi caizdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e2mm laf\u0131zlar\u0131n tahsise ihtimali bulunmaktad\u0131r ve \u00e2mm laf\u0131zlarda tahsis yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><em>\u00c2mm lafz\u0131n kat\u2019i ve zanni olu\u015fu ve bu durumun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile \u00e2mm ve h\u00e2ss laf\u0131zlar\u0131n tearuz etmesi ile alakal\u0131 \u00f6nemli meselelerin bulundu\u011fu, okuman\u0131zda ciddi faydan\u0131n oldu\u011fu \u015fu yaz\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6z atman\u0131z\u0131 mutlaka tavsiye ederiz: <strong><a title=\"\u00c2mm Laf\u0131z ile \u0130lgili Meseleler\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih\/amm-lafiz-ile-ilgili-meseleler\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00c2mm Laf\u0131z ile \u0130lgili Meseleler<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"3-MUSTEREK_LAFIZ\"><strong>3-M\u00dc\u015eTEREK LAFIZ<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Farkl\u0131 kullan\u0131mlarda farkl\u0131 manalara gelebilen kelimelere denir.&nbsp;Ayette ge\u00e7en&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cKur\u2019\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;lafz\u0131&nbsp;bu anlamda m\u00fc\u015fterek laf\u0131zd\u0131r.&nbsp;Hanefilere g\u00f6re m\u00fc\u015fterek&nbsp;lafz\u0131n&nbsp;umumu yoktur. Yani bir s\u00f6zde ge\u00e7en m\u00fc\u015fterek lafz\u0131n anlamlar\u0131ndan sadece birisi kastedilmi\u015ftir. \u015eafiilere g\u00f6re m\u00fc\u015fterek&nbsp;lafz\u0131n&nbsp;umumu vard\u0131r. Yani m\u00fc\u015fterek laf\u0131zla, uygun anlamlar\u0131n hepsinin ayn\u0131 anda kastedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"4-MUEVVEL_LAFIZ\"><strong>4-M\u00dcEVVEL LAFIZ<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fc\u015fterek lafz\u0131n birden \u00e7ok anlam\u0131 oldu\u011fundan&nbsp;bu anlamlardan hangisinin kastedildi\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in re\u2019ye ba\u015fvurmaya gerek vard\u0131r. Bu anlamlar\u0131ndan biri, i\u00e7tihat yoluyla bask\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp tercih edildi\u011finde&nbsp;laf\u0131z,&nbsp;m\u00fcevvel&nbsp;ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Mesela Bakara-228 ayetindeki&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201ckur\u00fb\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;kelimesi m\u00fc\u015fterek bir kelime olup dilde hem&nbsp;<strong><em>hay\u0131z<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;hem de&nbsp;<strong><em>temizlik<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;anlam\u0131 i\u00e7in konulmu\u015ftur. Hanefi ve Hanbelilerdeki&nbsp;h\u00e2kim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re ayetteki&nbsp;<strong><em>kar\u2019<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;lafz\u0131yla kastedilen&nbsp;<strong><em>hay\u0131z,<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u015eafiilere ve Malikilere g\u00f6re ise iki&nbsp;hay\u0131z&nbsp;aras\u0131ndaki&nbsp;<strong><em>temizliktir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"B-Anlamin_Acikligi-Kapaliligi_Acisindan_Lafiz\"><strong>B-Anlam\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131-Kapal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Laf\u0131z<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-04-896x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1283\" width=\"271\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-04-896x1024.jpg 896w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-04-263x300.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-04-768x878.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/lafiz-nedir-04.jpg 945w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>-A\u00e7\u0131k Anlaml\u0131 Laf\u0131zlar-&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"ZAHIR\"><strong>Z\u00c2H\u0130R<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kendisiyle kastedilen anlam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olan laf\u0131zd\u0131r. Mesela&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cAllah, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi helal k\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;ayeti&nbsp;b\u00f6yledir. Al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fin herhangi bir incelemeye gerek kalmadan helal oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.&nbsp;Onunla&nbsp;amel etmek vaciptir.&nbsp;Z\u00e2hir&nbsp;lafz\u0131n tevil, tahsis ve nesih ihtimalinin bulunmas\u0131, onunla amel edilmesinin&nbsp;vacipli\u011fine&nbsp;engel olmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"NASS\"><strong>NASS<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Nass, zahirden daha da a\u00e7\u0131k olan s\u00f6zd\u00fcr. Nass\u0131n&nbsp;z\u00e2hirden&nbsp;daha a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, konu\u015fan ki\u015finin lafz\u0131 \u00f6zellikle bu anlam\u0131 belirtmek i\u00e7in sevk etmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.&nbsp;Tevil, tahsis ve nesih ihtimaline ra\u011fmen,&nbsp;a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan anlama g\u00f6re amel etmek&nbsp;vaciptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u201cAllah al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi helal,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/faiz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ribay\u0131<\/a>&nbsp;haram k\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;ayeti,&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201csat\u0131m\u0131n helalli\u011fi\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201criban\u0131n&nbsp;haraml\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d<\/em><\/strong> hususunda&nbsp;z\u00e2hir, ikisi aras\u0131nda fark bulundu\u011fu konusunda ise&nbsp;nasst\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ayet k\u00e2firlerin&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cAl\u0131\u015fveri\u015f de&nbsp;riba&nbsp;gibidir.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;demeleri&nbsp;\u00fczerine inmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu ayetin sevk sebebi do\u011frudan sat\u0131m\u0131n helal,&nbsp;riban\u0131n&nbsp;haram oldu\u011funu ifade etmek de\u011fil, ikisinin birbirinden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"MUFESSER\"><strong>M\u00dcFESSER<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00fckme a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a delalet eden, tevil ve tahsise kapal\u0131 olan laf\u0131zd\u0131r.&nbsp;M\u00fcfesser,&nbsp;tevil ve tahsise ihtimali olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in nastan daha a\u00e7\u0131k olan laf\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn melekler hep birden secde ettiler.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>ayetinde&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cel-melaike\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;kelimesi, ba\u015f\u0131nda isti\u011frak ifade eden harf-i tarif bulunan \u00e7o\u011ful bir&nbsp;\u00e2mm&nbsp;laf\u0131zd\u0131r ve her&nbsp;\u00e2mm&nbsp;laf\u0131z gibi tahsise ihtimali vard\u0131r.&nbsp;Ancak devam\u0131nda gelen&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201ckulluhum\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;s\u00f6z\u00fc tahsis ihtimalini ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00fcn meleklerin secde etti\u011fi anlam\u0131 kesinlik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.&nbsp;Fakat&nbsp;bu durumda meleklerin hep birden mi, ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 m\u0131 secde ettikleri konusu h\u00e2l\u00e2 tevile a\u00e7\u0131k bir ihtimal olarak kalmaktad\u0131r. Daha sonra gelen&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cecmeun\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;s\u00f6z\u00fc meleklerin hep birlikte secde ettiklerini g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve b\u00f6ylelikle tevil ihtimali de ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tahsis ve tevil ihtimallerinin ortadan kalkmas\u0131yla da ayet,&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cm\u00fcfesser\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;olmu\u015ftur.&nbsp;Ayr\u0131ca Kur\u2019an\u2019da&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cNamaz k\u0131l\u0131n!\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;emrinde ge\u00e7en&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201csal\u00e2t\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;lafz\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131k\u00e7a m\u00fccmel kalacak bir laf\u0131zd\u0131r. Hz. Peygamber\u2019in&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cBen nas\u0131l namaz k\u0131l\u0131yorsam siz de \u00f6yle k\u0131l\u0131n.\u201d&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>hadisi ile sal\u00e2t lafz\u0131&nbsp;m\u00fcfesser&nbsp;hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"MUHKEM\"><strong>MUHKEM<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00fckme delaleti a\u00e7\u0131k olup tevil, tahsis ve neshe ihtimali olmayan laf\u0131zd\u0131r.&nbsp;Muhkemlik&nbsp;esas itibar\u0131yla nesih ihtimalinin kalkmas\u0131yla sa\u011flan\u0131r. Nesih ihtimalinin kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131&nbsp;iki \u015fekilde bilinir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Birincisi,<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;nassta&nbsp;s\u00f6z konusu h\u00fckm\u00fcn s\u00fcreklili\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir \u015feyin bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Nesih ihtimali, bu sebeple ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015fsa bu t\u00fcr laf\u0131zlar&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cmuhkem\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. H\u00fckm\u00fcn s\u00fcreklili\u011fi de ya metne s\u00fcreklili\u011fi g\u00f6steren bir lafz\u0131n biti\u015fmesinden ya da nass\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finden anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Nesih ihtimalinin kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilinmesinin&nbsp;<strong><em>ikinci<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u015fekli ise,&nbsp;vahiy zaman\u0131n\u0131n&nbsp;Hz.&nbsp;Peygamber\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sona ermesidir. Nesih, vahyin ini\u015f s\u00fcrecinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in vahiy zaman\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesiyle&nbsp;Hz.&nbsp;Peygamber hayatta iken&nbsp;nesh&nbsp;edilmeyen&nbsp;h\u00fck\u00fcmler art\u0131k dolayl\u0131 olarak muhkem hale gelmi\u015f olur. Buna da<strong><em>&nbsp;\u201cligayrihi&nbsp;muhkem\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;denir. Buna g\u00f6re&nbsp;Hz.&nbsp;Peygamber\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra&nbsp;z\u00e2hir,&nbsp;nass&nbsp;ve&nbsp;m\u00fcfesser&nbsp;de&nbsp;<strong><em>muhkem<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;olmu\u015f olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>-Kapal\u0131 Anlaml\u0131 Laf\u0131zlar-<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Laf\u0131zdaki kapal\u0131l\u0131k ya bizzat laf\u0131zdan ya da laf\u0131z d\u0131\u015f\u0131&nbsp;ar\u0131zi bir durumdan kaynaklan\u0131r.&nbsp;Laf\u0131zdan kaynaklanan&nbsp;kapal\u0131l\u0131k,&nbsp;<strong><em>ak\u0131l yoluyla<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;giderilip laf\u0131zla kastedilen anlam kavranabiliyorsa bu laf\u0131z&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cm\u00fc\u015fkil\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.&nbsp;Kastedilen anlam\u0131n&nbsp;kavran\u0131lmas\u0131&nbsp;ak\u0131l de\u011fil,&nbsp;<strong><em>nakil yoluyla<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oluyorsa laf\u0131z&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cm\u00fccmel\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.&nbsp;Laf\u0131zla neyin kastedildi\u011fi hi\u00e7 kavranam\u0131yorsa bu laf\u0131z&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cm\u00fcte\u015f\u00e2bih\u201d&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>olarak isimlendirilir.&nbsp;Kapal\u0131l\u0131k,&nbsp;laf\u0131z d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ar\u0131zi bir sebepten kaynaklan\u0131yorsa bu laf\u0131z da&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201chafi\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"HAFI\"><strong>HAF\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kendisiyle kastedilen anlam a\u00e7\u0131k olmakla birlikte&nbsp;<strong><em>kapsam\u0131 konusunda kapal\u0131l\u0131k<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;bulunan laf\u0131zd\u0131r. Mesela&nbsp;M\u00e2ide-38\u2019de&nbsp;ge\u00e7en&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201ch\u0131rs\u0131z\u201d&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>lafz\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131 hususunda bir kapal\u0131l\u0131k yoktur. Fakat h\u0131rs\u0131z lafz\u0131n\u0131n yankesiciyi ve kefen soyucuyu i\u00e7ine al\u0131p almad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da h\u0131rs\u0131z hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fckm\u00fcn yankesici ve kefen soyucu i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda kapal\u0131l\u0131k vard\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle h\u0131rs\u0131z lafz\u0131, yankesici ve kefen soyucu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kapal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Problem, bunlar\u0131n isimce ayr\u0131 olmalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmce de ayr\u0131 olmalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektirip gerektirmeyece\u011fi noktas\u0131ndad\u0131r.&nbsp;\u00dczerinde iyice d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcnce yankesicinin tam h\u0131rs\u0131z oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yankesici, mal\u0131n sahibinin bulundu\u011fu yerde ve uyan\u0131k oldu\u011fu s\u0131rada \u00e7al\u0131yor. Bu bak\u0131mdan mal\u0131 gizlice almak anlam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yankesici, mal\u0131 evden \u00e7alan h\u0131rs\u0131za g\u00f6re ilave bir meziyete sahiptir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla h\u0131rs\u0131z i\u00e7in sabit olan h\u00fck\u00fcm, yankesici i\u00e7in de sabit olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"MUSKIL\"><strong>M\u00dc\u015eK\u0130L<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kendisiyle neyin kastedildi\u011fi, kapal\u0131 olan laf\u0131zd\u0131r.&nbsp;Ancak ilgili karine ve deliller \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra anla\u015f\u0131labilir.<strong>&nbsp;<em>\u201cE\u011fer c\u00fcn\u00fcp iseniz iyice y\u0131kanarak temizlenin.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;Bu ayete g\u00f6re bedenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kamak vacip,&nbsp;i\u00e7ini y\u0131kmak ise&nbsp;s\u00e2k\u0131tt\u0131r. Bu durumda bir y\u00f6nden bedenin i\u00e7i, bir y\u00f6nden d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan a\u011fz\u0131n y\u0131kan\u0131p y\u0131kanmayaca\u011f\u0131 hususunda problem s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131z, i\u00e7inde olu\u015fan t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yutman\u0131n orucu bozmamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bedenin i\u00e7i,&nbsp;a\u011fza bir \u015fey girmesiyle, mesela&nbsp;mazmaza&nbsp;yapmakla orucun bozulmamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcyle bedenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu iki y\u00f6n de dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve&nbsp;<strong><em>a\u011f\u0131z&nbsp;gus\u00fclde d\u0131\u015f<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;say\u0131l\u0131rken,&nbsp;<strong><em>abdestte i\u00e7<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"MUCMELnbsp\"><strong>M\u00dcCMEL&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kendisiyle neyin kastedildi\u011fi, ancak konu\u015fan\u0131n yapmas\u0131 umulan bir beyanla&nbsp;kavran\u0131labilecek&nbsp;\u015fekilde kapal\u0131 olan laf\u0131zd\u0131r.&nbsp;Riba, s\u00f6zl\u00fckte mutlak fazlal\u0131k anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Her fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131n haram olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131&nbsp;icm\u00e2&nbsp;ile sabittir. Bu durumda&nbsp;riba&nbsp;yasa\u011f\u0131 ile ne t\u00fcr bir fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kastedildi\u011fi bilinememekte, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla&nbsp;riba&nbsp;lafz\u0131 m\u00fccmel olmaktad\u0131r. Sonra&nbsp;Hz.&nbsp;Peygamber,&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cAlt\u0131 \u015fey\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;hadisi diye bilinen s\u00f6z\u00fcyle alt\u0131 maddedeki&nbsp;ribay\u0131&nbsp;a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.&nbsp;Hz.&nbsp;Peygamber\u2019in bu beyan\u0131ndan sonra fakihler bu alt\u0131 madde d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hangi maddelerde&nbsp;riba&nbsp;cereyan edece\u011finin tespiti amac\u0131yla&nbsp;riban\u0131n&nbsp;hadiste say\u0131lan alt\u0131 madde a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan illetinin ne olabilece\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"MUTESABIHnbsp\"><strong>M\u00dcTE\u015e\u00c2B\u0130H&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fcte\u015f\u00e2bih, kendisiyle kastedilenin ne oldu\u011funu bilme \u00fcmidi kalmam\u0131\u015f laf\u0131zd\u0131r. M\u00fcte\u015f\u00e2bih, <strong><em>\u201clafzen&nbsp;m\u00fcte\u015f\u00e2bih\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cmanen&nbsp;m\u00fcte\u015f\u00e2bih\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;olmak \u00fczere iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Baz\u0131 surelerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda yer alan&nbsp;huruf-\u0131&nbsp;mukattaa&nbsp;lafzen&nbsp;m\u00fcte\u015f\u00e2bih,&nbsp;baz\u0131 ayetlerde Allah\u2019a&nbsp;nisbet&nbsp;edilen el ve&nbsp;istiv\u00e2&nbsp;gibi laf\u0131zlar ise&nbsp;manen&nbsp;m\u00fcte\u015f\u00e2bihtir.&nbsp;\u015eer\u2019i ameli h\u00fck\u00fcm bildiren&nbsp;nasslarda&nbsp;m\u00fcte\u015fabih&nbsp;yoktur. Olsa onlarla amel edilmezdi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu tip laf\u0131zlar kelam ilminin inceleme alan\u0131na girmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"C-Anlama_Delaletinin_Sekli_Bakimindan_Lafiz\"><strong>C-Anlama Delaletinin \u015eekli Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Laf\u0131z<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lafz\u0131n anlama ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla h\u00fckme delaleti d\u00f6rt \u015fekilde olabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"1-Nassin_Ibaresiyle_Istidlal\"><strong>1-Nass\u0131n \u0130baresiyle \u0130stidl\u00e2l<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00f6z\u00fcn kendisi i\u00e7in sevk edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn o do\u011frultuda d\u00fczenlenmesidir. Bu anlama ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in derin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye (teemm\u00fcl) gerek yoktur.&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n haram k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 can\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyin.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;ayeti, haks\u0131z yere adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrmenin yasak ve haram oldu\u011funa ibaresi ile delalet etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"2-Nassin_Isaretiyle_Istidlal\"><strong>2-Nass\u0131n \u0130\u015faretiyle \u0130stidl\u00e2l<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Nass\u0131n ibaresi ile bizzat ifade edilmemi\u015f olsa da s\u00f6z\u00fcn geli\u015finden mana ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na denir. Bu durum s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda laf\u0131zdan de\u011fil, manadan hareket edilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cAnnenin uygun bir \u015fekilde yedirilip giydirilmesi \u00e7ocu\u011fun babas\u0131na aittir.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>ayeti, kocaya annenin nafakas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcklemektedir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm ibarede yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte \u00e7ocu\u011fun nafakas\u0131n\u0131n da babaya ait oldu\u011funa i\u015faret vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"3-Nassin_Delaletiyle_Istidlal\"><strong>3-Nass\u0131n Delaletiyle \u0130stidl\u00e2l<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bizzat ibare olarak ifade etmese bile, nass\u0131n ifade etti\u011fi anlam ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn do\u011frudan ba\u015fka bir \u015feye delalet etmesine denir. \u00d6rne\u011fin ayette&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cOnlara \u00f6f bile deme, onlar\u0131 azarlama ve onlara g\u00fczel s\u00f6z s\u00f6yle.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>buyurulmaktad\u0131r. Ayette a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmese de anne babaya kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddet uygulama ve d\u00f6vmenin de yasak oldu\u011fu delalet yoluyla anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><em>Nass\u0131n delaleti ile alakal\u0131 \u00f6nemli kavramlara ve bu kavramlar hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yaz\u0131m\u0131za mutlaka g\u00f6z atman\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6neririz.<\/em><em>&nbsp;<strong><a title=\"Nass\u0131n Delaleti\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/fikih\/nassin-delaleti\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nass\u0131n Delaleti<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"4-Nassin_Muktezasiyla_Istidlal\"><strong>4-Nass\u0131n Muktezas\u0131yla \u0130stidl\u00e2l<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Nass\u0131n muktezas\u0131, s\u00f6z\u00fcn anlaml\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in ona bir ziyadenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekmesidir.&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201c\u00dcmmetimden hata, nisyan ve ikrah alt\u0131nda kalarak yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feyler kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;Peygamber d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 kimsenin, masum olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilindi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u00fcmmetin hata etmeyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. \u00dcmmet kapsam\u0131na dahil olup hata eden bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi varken bu hadisi&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201c\u00dcmmetten hata kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u015feklinde anlarsak Peygamber\u2019e yalan isnat etmi\u015f oluruz. O zaman kald\u0131r\u0131lan \u015feyin hatan\u0131n bizzat kendisi de\u011fil de hatan\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131n\u0131 verecek bir ziyade takdir ederek hadisi anlamak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"D-Dilde_Konuldugu_Anlamda_Kullanilip_Kullanilmamasi_Itibariyla_Lafiz\"><strong>D-Dilde Konuldu\u011fu Anlamda Kullan\u0131l\u0131p Kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 \u0130tibar\u0131yla Laf\u0131z<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"1-Hakikat_Mecaz\"><strong>1-Hakikat \u2013 Mecaz<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Konulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu anlam i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan lafza hakikat denir. \u00d6rne\u011fin aslan lafz\u0131, aslan olarak bilinen hayvan\u0131 ifade etmek i\u00e7in konulmu\u015ftur.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Mecaz&nbsp;ise&nbsp;aralar\u0131ndaki alakadan dolay\u0131 lafz\u0131n dilde konuldu\u011fu anlam\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir anlamda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mesela ayette ge\u00e7en <strong><em>\u201ctahriru&nbsp;rakabe\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;ifadesindeki&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201crakabe\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;s\u00f6zl\u00fckte&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cboyun\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn burada hakiki anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc boyun azat edilemez. O halde bu ifadenin mecaz oldu\u011fu ve insan\u0131n bir c\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn zikredilmesiyle tamam\u0131n\u0131n kastedildi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 durumlarda s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn hakikat ve mecaz anlamlar\u0131ndan hangisinin kastedildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k olmayabilir. Bu durumda kas\u0131t, harici delil ve karineler yard\u0131m\u0131yla anla\u015f\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.&nbsp;Kelimelerde as\u0131l olan hakikat manas\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kelimeler, ba\u015fka bir manaya delalet ettiklerine dair bir karine olmad\u0131k\u00e7a mecazi anlamlara \u00e7ekilmezler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cm\u00fcl\u00e2mese\u201d<\/em><\/strong> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn hakikat anlam\u0131 el ile dokunmak, mecaz anlam\u0131 ise cinsel temast\u0131r. Hanefiler bu ayette m\u00fcl\u00e2mese s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn mecaz anlam\u0131n\u0131n kastedildi\u011fini savunurlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc burada m\u00fcl\u00e2mese s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn mecaz anlam\u0131n\u0131n kastedildi\u011fi konusunda&nbsp;<strong><em>\u201cicm\u00e2\u201d<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"2-Sarih_Kinaye\"><strong>2-Sarih \u2013 Kin\u00e2ye<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Sarih, kastedilen anlam\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi laf\u0131zd\u0131r.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Sarihin h\u00fckm\u00fc, s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn dil a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan\u00a0delalet\u00a0etti\u011fi anlam a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ki\u015finin niyetine itibar edilmeksizin s\u00f6z\u00fcn gere\u011finin sabit olmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Kin\u00e2ye\u00a0ise kastedilen anlam\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fck olarak ifade edildi\u011fi laf\u0131zd\u0131r. Mesela koca, kar\u0131s\u0131na\u00a0<strong><em>\u201cBaban\u0131n evine git!\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0dedi\u011finde bununla bo\u015famay\u0131 kastetmi\u015f olmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u00a0Bu durumda laf\u0131z\u00a0kin\u00e2i\u00a0olur. Sarih laf\u0131zlardan farkl\u0131\u00a0olarak\u00a0kin\u00e2yede,\u00a0s\u00f6z\u00fc s\u00f6yleyenin niyetine itibar edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/mutlakin-mukayyede-hamli\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Mutlak\u0131n Mukayyede Hamli\">Mutlak\u0131n Mukayyede Hamli<\/a>&#8220;<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2><span id=\"Kaynaklar\"><strong>Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/faiz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00d6zsoy, \u0130smail. \u201cFaiz\u201d, D\u0130A<\/a><br><u>\u0130slam Hukuk Usul\u00fc, Yunus Apayd\u0131n, Bilay Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2018.<br><\/u><u>F\u0131k\u0131h Usul\u00fc, Abdullah Kahraman, Ra\u011fbet Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2016.<\/u><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Laf\u0131z Nedir?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":817,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[249,244,238,240,250,239,247,246,235,241,245,243,236,248,237,242],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2378,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53\/revisions\/2378"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/817"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}