{"id":64,"date":"2021-11-26T14:19:58","date_gmt":"2021-11-26T11:19:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/safirblog\/2018\/05\/03\/fortnite-oyuncularina-mujde-iste-4-sezon\/"},"modified":"2021-12-06T19:46:20","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T16:46:20","slug":"mekki-surelerin-ozellikleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/mekki-surelerin-ozellikleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Mekki Surelerin \u00d6zellikleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_wrap_left no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0130&ccedil;indekiler<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Mekki-Medeni_Ayrimina_Genel_Bir_Bakis\">Mekki-Medeni Ayr\u0131m\u0131na Genel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Mekki_Sureler_Hangileridir\">Mekki Sureler Hangileridir?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Mekke_devrinin_ilk_donemlerinde_inen_sureler\">Mekke devrinin ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde inen sureler:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Mekke_devrinin_orta_bolumunde_inen_sureler\">Mekke devrinin orta b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde inen sureler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Mekke_devrinin_sonunda_inen_sureler\">Mekke devrinin sonunda inen sureler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Mekki_Surelerin_Ozellikleri\"> Mekki Surelerin \u00d6zellikleri<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Seci\">Seci<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Yemin_Edati\">Yemin Edat\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Secde_Ayetleri\">Secde Ayetleri<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kella_Lafzi\">Kella Lafz\u0131<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Huruf-u_Mukatta\">Huruf-u Mukatta<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ya_Eyyuhen_Nas_Hitabi\">Ya Eyy\u00fche\u2019n Nas Hitab\u0131<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Mekki-Medeni_Ayrimina_Genel_Bir_Bakis\"><strong>Mekki-Medeni Ayr\u0131m\u0131na Genel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Y\u00fczeysel olarak \u015f\u00f6yle bir bakacak olursak, Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 Kerim\u2019i k\u0131s\u0131mland\u0131rma hususunda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00fc\u00e7 se\u00e7enek \u00e7\u0131kar; zamansal, mek\u00e2nsal, ki\u015fisel&#8230; Yani zaman, mek\u00e2n ve \u015fah\u0131s itibari ile Kuran\u2019\u0131 Kerim ayetlerini bir tasnife tabi tutabiliriz. Nitekim tarih boyunca bu konuyla ilgilenen ulema bu tasnifi kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaman\u0131 itibara alan ulema <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/kuran\/sure-ayet-ve-dua-nedir\/\" title=\"Sure, Ayet ve Dua Nedir?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ayet<\/a>leri hicret \u00f6ncesi ve <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hicret\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hicret<\/a> sonras\u0131 olarak ayr\u0131ma tabi tutmu\u015ftur. Bu durumda hicret \u00f6ncesi inen ayetlerin t\u00fcm\u00fc mek\u00e2n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeksizin Mekk\u00ee say\u0131l\u0131rken, hicret sonras\u0131 inen ayetler Meden\u00ee say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mek\u00e2n\u0131 itibara alan ulema ise hicreti g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmaks\u0131z\u0131n Mekke\u2019de inen ayetleri Mekk\u00ee kabul ederken, Medine\u2019de inen ayetleri Meden\u00ee kabul etmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda inen ayet <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mekke%27nin_Fethi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mekke Fethi<\/a>\u2019nde inmi\u015f olsa dahi Mekk\u00ee kabul edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Mekki-Sureler-scaled-e1635404229224-1024x674.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-916\" width=\"338\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Mekki-Sureler-scaled-e1635404229224-1024x674.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Mekki-Sureler-scaled-e1635404229224-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Mekki-Sureler-scaled-e1635404229224-768x505.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Mekki-Sureler-scaled-e1635404229224-1536x1010.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Mekki-Sureler-scaled-e1635404229224.jpg 1926w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eahs\u0131 itibara alan ulema ise nerede olursa olsun, ayetin hitap etti\u011fi toplulu\u011fa g\u00f6re ayetleri k\u0131s\u0131mland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumda&nbsp;<em>\u201cya eyy\u00fchen\u2019nas\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;(ey insanlar) hitapl\u0131 ayetler Mekk\u00ee iken,<em>&nbsp;\u201cya eyy\u00fchellezine amen\u00fc\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;(ey iman edenler) hitapl\u0131 ayetler Meden\u00eedir. Genel olarak kullan\u0131lan ve bizim de itibara ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z se\u00e7enek, zamana itibar ile yap\u0131lan tasniftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mekk\u00ee ayetlere mahiyet itibari ile bakacak olursak, bu ayetlerin dinin ilksel ve temel hedeflerini konu edindi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. \u015e\u00f6yle ki; Meden\u00ee ayetler daha \u00e7ok ahkami konular\u0131 i\u00e7erirken, Mekk\u00ee ayetler ahlaki konular\u0131 ihtiva eder. Mesela; tevhit, \u015firkin butlan\u0131, Allah\u2019\u0131n noksan <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sifat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">s\u0131fat<\/a>lardan m\u00fcnezzehli\u011fi, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/infak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">infak<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/tasadduk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tasadduk<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sabir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sab\u0131r<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sukur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u015f\u00fck\u00fcr<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kiyamet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">k\u0131yamet<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/cennet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cennet<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/cehennem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cehennem<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/hesap\u2013ahiret\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hesap<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mukafat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">m\u00fck\u00e2fat<\/a>, ana-babaya ve akrabaya iyilik vs. gibi konular\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eekil itibari ile bakacak olursak, \u015fu \u00f6zellikler ile Meden\u00ee ayetlerden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar: K\u0131sal\u0131k, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/seci\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">seci<\/a>, kella lafz\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131, ya eyy\u00fchennas hitab\u0131n\u0131n bollu\u011fu, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/huruf-i-mukattaa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">huruf-u mukatta<\/a> ve son olarak secde ayetlerini muhtevi olu\u015fu. \u0130\u015fte bu \u00f6zellikler Mekk\u00ee ayetleri \u015fekil ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm itibari ile Meden\u00ee ayetlerden ay\u0131ran fakt\u00f6rlerdir. Biz bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Mekk\u00ee ayetlerin \u015fekil itibari ile di\u011fer ayetlerden daha net ve kesin \u00e7izgilerle ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr ayetlerin \u015fekli \u00f6zelliklerini daha detayl\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-3-min-1024x645.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-980\" width=\"349\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-3-min-1024x645.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-3-min-300x189.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-3-min-768x484.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-3-min-1536x968.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/tefsir-3-min-2048x1291.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 349px) 100vw, 349px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Mekki_Sureler_Hangileridir\">Mekki Sureler Hangileridir?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mekki surelerin \u00f6zelliklerine ge\u00e7meden hangi surelerin Mekki olduklar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmekte fayda var. Toplamda 86 adettirler. Genel olarak Mekki sureleri 3 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplayabiliriz. Bunlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Mekke_devrinin_ilk_donemlerinde_inen_sureler\">Mekke devrinin ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde inen sureler:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Alak-96, (1-5), F\u00e2tiha-1, \u0130sr\u00e2-17, Kehf-18, Meryem-19, T\u00e2h\u00e2-20, Enbiy\u00e2-21, K\u00e2f-50, Z\u00e2riy\u00e2t-51, T\u00fbr-52, Necm-53, Kamer-54, Rahm\u00e2n-55, V\u00e2k\u0131a- 56, M\u00fclk-67, Kalem-68, H\u00e2kka-69, Me\u00e2ric-70, N\u00fbh-71, Cin-72, M\u00fczzemmil-73, M\u00fcddessir-74, K\u0131y\u00e2me-75, \u0130ns\u00e2n-76, M\u00fcrsel\u00e2t-77, Nebe\u2019- 78, N\u00e2zi\u00e2t-79, Abese-80, Tekv\u00eer-81, \u0130nfi t\u00e2r-82, Mutaffi f\u00een-83, \u0130n\u015fik\u00e2k-84, B\u00fcr\u00fbc-85, T\u00e2r\u0131k-86, A\u2019l\u00e2-87, \u011e\u00e2\u015fiye-88, Fecr-89, Beled-90, \u015eems-91, Leyl92, Duh\u00e2-93, \u0130n\u015fir\u00e2h-94, T\u00een-95, Alak-96, Kadr-97, Beyyine-98, Zilz\u00e2l-99, Adiy\u00e2t-100, K\u00e2ria-101, Tek\u00e2s\u00fcr-102, Asr-103, H\u00fcmeze-104, F\u00eel-105, Kurey\u015f-106, M\u00e2\u00fbn-107, Kevser-108, K\u00e2fi r\u00fbn-109, Mesed-111, \u0130hl\u00e2s-112, Fel\u00e2k-113, N\u00e2s-114.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Mekke_devrinin_orta_bolumunde_inen_sureler\">Mekke devrinin orta b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde inen sureler<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ankeb\u00fbt-29, R\u00fbm-30, Lokm\u00e2n-31, Secde-32, Sebe\u2019-34, F\u00e2t\u0131r-35, Y\u00e2s\u00een-36, S\u00e2ff\u00e2t-37, S\u00e2d-38, Z\u00fcmer-39, M\u00fc\u2019min-40, Fussilet-41 (veya Secde), \u015e\u00fbra-42, Zuhruf-43, Duh\u00e2n-44, C\u00e2siye-45, Ahk\u00e2f-46.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Mekke_devrinin_sonunda_inen_sureler\">Mekke devrinin sonunda inen sureler<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>En\u2019\u00e2m-6, A\u2019r\u00e2f-7, Y\u00fbnus-10, H\u00fbd-11, Y\u00fbsuf-12, Ra\u2019d-13, \u0130br\u00e2h\u00eem-14, Hicr-15, Nahl-16, Hac-22, M\u00fc\u2019min\u00fbn-23, Furk\u00e2n-25, \u015euar\u00e2-26, Neml-27, Kasas-28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Mekki_Surelerin_Ozellikleri\"><strong> Mekki Surelerin \u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Seci\"><strong><em>Seci<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00f6zl\u00fckte&nbsp;<em>sec\u2019<\/em>&nbsp;\u201cg\u00fcvercin, kumru vb. ku\u015flar\u0131n sonlarda ayn\u0131 ses \u00f6\u011fesini tekrar ederek \u00f6tmesi, di\u015fi devenin tek d\u00fcze ve uzun sesler \u00e7\u0131kararak inlemesi, iki \u015feyin do\u011frulup d\u00fczg\u00fcnle\u015ferek birbirine denk ve benzer hale gelmesi\u201d manalar\u0131na gelir. Terim olarak \u201cdaha \u00e7ok nesir halindeki metinlerde ifade b\u00f6l\u00fcklerinin (f\u0131kra) sonlar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 kafiye veya ayn\u0131 vezinde ya da her ikisinde ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131\u201d diye tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Nesir seci \u015fiirdeki kafiyeye tekab\u00fcl eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seci <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/cahiliye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cahiliye<\/a>den bug\u00fcne kadar anlam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmeden kullan\u0131lmaya devam eder. Cahiliye devrinde <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u015fair<\/a>lerin, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/kahin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kahin<\/a>lerin insanlar\u0131 etkilemek maksatl\u0131 seci yapt\u0131klar\u0131 vakidir. \u00d6zellikle kahinler kendilerine gelen insanlar\u0131 gelecekten haber verdiklerine inand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok manal\u0131 ve secili c\u00fcmleler kurduklar\u0131 ve kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n kafalar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak onlar\u0131 etkiledikleri bilinir. Bu sebepten Efendimiz seci yapan bir adam\u0131 \u201ck\u00e2hinler gibi seci mi yap\u0131yorsun?\u201d diyerek paylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat buradan Efendimizin konu\u015fma dilinde seciye kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartamay\u0131z. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Efendimiz adam\u0131n seciini k\u00e2hinlerin seciine benzetmi\u015ftir. Hatta Kuran\u2019\u0131n secili ayetlerini bahaneyle bu s\u00f6zlerin bir k\u00e2hine ait oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131nda bulunan m\u00fc\u015frikler yok de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Kuran\u2019\u0131 Kerim\u2019deki secinin genellikle Mekke d\u00f6neminde inen ayetlere ait oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u00dcslubu kuvvetlendiren ve muhatab\u0131 etki alt\u0131nda b\u0131rakan secinin bu ayetlerde fazlaca kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n hikmeti ise, vahyin muhatab\u0131 etkileyerek dikkatini \u00e7ekmesi i\u00e7indir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Yemin_Edati\"><strong><em>Yemin Edat\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Yemin edat\u0131 da Mekk\u00ee ayetlerde s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6zelliklerden birisidir. S\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u201csa\u011f el, sa\u011f taraf, ger\u00e7ek, ant, kuvvet, bereket\u201d anlamlar\u0131na gelen yemin, terim olarak bir kimsenin kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirmek ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 ikna etmek maksad\u0131yla s\u00f6z ve beyan\u0131n\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 veya bir s\u0131fat\u0131 zikrederek kuvvetlendirmesini ifade eder. Kelimenin k\u00f6k anlam\u0131ndan hareketle, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 s\u00f6z verme durumunda taraflar\u0131n sa\u011f ellerini kullanmalar\u0131 sebebiyle yeminin bu anlama geldi\u011fi zikredilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yemin edat\u0131 t\u0131pk\u0131 seci gibi cahiliye d\u00f6neminden bu yana Arap dil ve edebiyat\u0131nda kullan\u0131lagelen bir edatt\u0131r. Bu edat\u0131n Meden\u00ee ayetlere nazaran Mekk\u00ee ayetlerde \u00e7ok daha fazla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Hikmeti ise s\u00f6zl\u00fck ve \u0131st\u0131lah manas\u0131na binaen manay\u0131 kuvvetlendirmek ve muhatab\u0131 etkilemektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Secde_Ayetleri\"><strong><em>Secde Ayetleri<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kuran\u2019\u0131 Kerim\u2019deki secde ayetlerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Mekk\u00ee surelere ait oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Mekk\u00ee surelerde s\u0131k\u00e7a secdeden s\u00f6z edilmesi \u015f\u00fcphesiz tevhit inanc\u0131 ile ilgilidir. Secde emirleri ise m\u00fc\u015frikleri boyun e\u011fmeye ve ayn\u0131 zamanda kibirli tav\u0131rlar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7irmeye y\u00f6neliktir. Keza <a href=\"https:\/\/kuran.diyanet.gov.tr\/tefsir\/sure\/38-sad-suresi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sa\u2019d suresi<\/a> 71-85 aras\u0131 ayetlerde ge\u00e7en ve \u0130blisin ilahi secde emrine kar\u015f\u0131 geldi\u011finden bahseden k\u0131ssan\u0131n sevk edili\u015fi de yine bu hikmete mebnidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Kella_Lafzi\"><strong><em>Kella Lafz\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Kella lafz\u0131 Mekk\u00ee surelerde s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz edatlardan birisidir. Hatta Kuran\u2019\u0131 Kerim\u2019in ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda toplam 33 kez ge\u00e7er. Bu edat zorba m\u00fc\u015friklere hadlerini bildirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6yle ki; o m\u00fc\u015friklerin k\u00fcstah, kibirli, alayl\u0131 tav\u0131rlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cYoo!\u201d, \u201cGer\u00e7ek \u015fu ki\u201d tavr\u0131nda bir duru\u015f sergilemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Huruf-u_Mukatta\"><strong><em>Huruf-u Mukatta<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Harf kelimesinin \u00e7o\u011fulu olan \u201churuf\u201d ve \u201ckesilmi\u015f, ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201d manalar\u0131na gelen \u201cmukatta\u201d kelimesinden meydana gelen bir tamlamad\u0131r. Mukatta, \u201ckesmek, bir \u015feyi b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnden ay\u0131rmak\u201d manas\u0131na gelen&nbsp;<strong>kat\u2019<\/strong>&nbsp;k\u00f6k\u00fcnden t\u00fcremi\u015f s\u0131fat olup s\u00f6z konusu harfler kelimeyi olu\u015ftururken okunduklar\u0131 gibi de\u011fil kendi isimleriyle telaffuz edildiklerinden \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve ayr\u0131 harfler\u201d anlam\u0131nda huruf-u mukatta diye an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu harflere ayn\u0131 sebeple huruf-u teheccidenildi\u011fi gibi surelerin ilk harflerini olu\u015fturduklar\u0131ndan evailu\u2019 suver ve fevatihu\u2019s suver de denilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca ne manaya geldikleri ve bu surelerin ba\u015flar\u0131na ne maksatla koyulduklar\u0131 bilinmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in huruf-u m\u00fcbheme de denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/kuran.diyanet.gov.tr\/mushaf\/kuran-meal-2\/bakara-suresi-2\/ayet-1\/diyanet-isleri-baskanligi-meali-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bakara<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/kuran.diyanet.gov.tr\/mushaf\/kuran-meal-1\/al-i-imran-suresi-3\/ayet-1\/diyanet-isleri-baskanligi-meali-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00c2l-i \u0130mran<\/a> surelerini istisna edersek Kuran Kerim\u2019deki huruf-u mukatta ile ba\u015flayan surelerin t\u00fcm\u00fc Mekk\u00eedir diye bir genelleme yapabiliriz. Huruf-u mukatta toplam 29 surenin ba\u015f\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Mekk\u00ee surelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebiyle Mekk\u00ee ayetlerin ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fi olarak say\u0131labilir. Bu harflerin yine Mekke d\u00f6neminde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na mebni hikmetinin m\u00fc\u015friklere bir meydan okuyu\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Ya da bir kasem gibi dikkat veya bir kella lafz\u0131 gibi tehdit, ikaz i\u00e7erikli kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span id=\"Ya_Eyyuhen_Nas_Hitabi\"><strong><em>Ya Eyy\u00fche\u2019n Nas Hitab\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu hitab\u0131n her kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayet ve sure Mekk\u00eedir diyemeyiz elbette. Fakat bu hitap \u015fekli genellikle Mekk\u00ee surelerde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bir hitap t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Vahyin Mekke d\u00f6neminde tek muhatap M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu muhatap kitlesinin i\u00e7erisinde m\u00fc\u015frik, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/sabiilik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">S\u00e2bii<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/mecusilik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mecusi<\/a> gibi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc inan\u00e7tan insan bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu hitap \u015fekli daha \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Medine d\u00f6neminde daha \u00e7ok \u201cya eyy\u00fchellezine amenu\u201d hitab\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Zaten geride bu hitap \u015fekillerine binaen ayetleri tasnif edenlerden bahsetmi\u015ftik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fczere Mekk\u00ee ayetler Meden\u00ee ayetlerden hem muhteva hem de \u015fekil itibari ile farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. Yaz\u0131m\u0131z boyunca \u015fekil itibari ile Mekk\u00ee ayetlerin \u00f6zelliklerini inceledik ve Mekk\u00ee ayetlerin kendine k\u0131smen veya tamamen has alt\u0131 \u00f6zellik ile di\u011fer ayetlerden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Yaz\u0131 boyunca ayetlerin zamansal tasnifini itibara ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 burada yeniden hat\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015f olal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong>Bu makaleyi okuyanlar i\u00e7in tavsiye yaz\u0131: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/medeni-surelerin-ozellikleri\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Medeni Surelerin \u00d6zellikleri\">&#8220;Medeni Surelerin \u00d6zellikleri&#8221;<\/a><\/strong><br><strong>Mekki-Medeni ayr\u0131m\u0131na dair ileri okuma \u00f6nerisi i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/download\/article-file\/581161\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z<\/a>. <\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3><span id=\"Kaynaklar\">Kaynaklar<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Mustafa Uzun, Seci\u2019, T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi (D\u0130A) C.36 S.273 <\/em><br><em>Hadiye \u00dcnsal, Erken D\u00f6nem Mekk\u00ee Surelerin Tahlili, Ankara Okulu S.62 Zeki Duman, Mustafa Alt\u0131nda\u011f \u2018Hurufu Mukatta\u2019&nbsp;T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 islam Ansiklopedisi (D\u0130A) C.18 S.401.<\/em><br><em>Ertu\u011frul Boynukal\u0131n \u2018Yemin\u2019 T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Ansiklopedisi (D\u0130A) C.43 S.417<\/em><br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Y\u00fczeysel olarak \u015f\u00f6yle bir bakacak olursak, Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 Kerim\u2019i k\u0131s\u0131mland\u0131rma hususunda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00fc\u00e7 se\u00e7enek \u00e7\u0131kar; zamansal, mek\u00e2nsal, ki\u015fisel&#8230; Yani zaman, mek\u00e2n ve \u015fah\u0131s itibari ile Kuran\u2019\u0131 Kerim ayetlerini bir tasnife tabi tutabiliriz. Nitekim tarih boyunca bu konuyla ilgilenen ulema bu tasnifi kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[9],"tags":[662,523,528,526,530],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2831,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64\/revisions\/2831"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.emedrese.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}